2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号5

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman,Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby’’mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Akindofoverlookedinequality

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

问题4选项

A.Theyaregettingimpatient

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated

B.VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问“作者提及AAAA汽车与Zodiac汽车的是什么？”。由

第二段第一句“IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.众所周知，在顾客浏览他们的电话薄时，被称为AAAA汽车的出租车公司比被称为Zodiac汽车的出租车公司有大的优势”与第一段第二句“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一个潜伏的形式（即字母顺序主义）继续繁荣”确定A选项“一种被忽视的不平等”正确；

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘从前三段我们可以推断出什么?’。由第一段中“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一个潜伏的形式（即字母顺序主义）继续在繁荣”及第二段中“LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman不太为人所知的是AdamAbbott（即姓名以字母A开始的人）在生活中相比ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）具有的优势”可知生活中的这种现象常被人忽视，所以D选项“一些形式的歧视太隐约而不易引人注意”正确。A选项“无论在东方还是西方，名字对于成功都是必要的”、B选项“字母表对ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）的失败应负责任”和C项“消费者经常很关注公司的名字”均不符合文意，排除。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第四段指出…’。由第四段第四句“Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.因此，近视的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）小学生被困在后排，且很少被问到由那些麻木不仁的老师提出有启发性的问题”确定C选项“教师应该关注自己所有的学生”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干询问‘作者所说的“大多数人都在打盹”是什么意思(第5段第2-3行)?’。由第五段中第三句“Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.求职面试名单、选票、会议发言者和参加人名单都倾向于按字母顺序地被拟定，而它们的接受者却在费力地阅读它们时失去了兴趣。”与第二句“Atuniversitygraduationceremonies在大学毕业的典礼”这个场景的对应确定B选项“他们正在鼾声隆隆地打瞌睡”符合语境，正确。

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据文章，下列哪个选项是正确的?’。全文围绕“alphabetism字母顺序主义”论述其带来的各种偏见、歧视和不平等。如被称为AAAA汽车的出租车公司比被称为Zodiac汽车的出租车公司有大的优势，近视的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）小学生被困在后排，且很少被问到由那些麻木不仁的老师提出的启发性的问题。”所以D选项“按照字母顺序安放事情可能导致非故意的偏见”正确。

2.单选题

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

1.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat（

）.

2.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

（

）.

3.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay（

）.

问题1选项

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

问题2选项

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

问题3选项

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘Radesky引用“静态面部实验”来证明什么？’根据文章第三段第一句‘Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.婴儿很容易通过看父母的脸来试图理解他们的世界，如果这些脸是空白的、没有反应的——就像他们沉浸在一个设备里时经常做的那样——这对孩子来说是非常令人不安的。’和最后一句“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.父母不必时时刻刻都在身边，但需要有一个平衡，父母需要对孩子的情感需求的语言或非语言表达做出反应和敏感。”确定实验是为了证明D选项“父母需要回应孩子的情感需求”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘特罗尼克提到的压迫性意识形态要求父母干什么？’根据文章最后一段中“an‘oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting’withtheirchildren.“压迫性的意识形态”要求父母应该始终与孩子互动。”确定C选项“确保与孩子不断的互动”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘据特洛尼克说，孩子们使用屏幕可能会怎样？’根据最后一段中“Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.特罗尼克认为，孩子没有从屏幕上学习并不意味它没有价值，特别是如果父母有时间洗澡、做家务或者仅仅是因不用照顾小孩而可以休息一下。Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.他说，父母可以通过使用他们的设备和朋友交谈或做些工作以获得很多好处。这会让他们感到更快乐，这会让他们在其他的时间里更容易接触到自己的孩子。”可知，孩子使用屏幕可以让父母有更多时间去做别的事情，所以A选项“给父母更多自由时间”正确。

3.单选题

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

问题1选项

A.notthelowtemperatures

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。这是个强调句，题目强调的是highhumidity，并且需填入的部分与thehighhumidity是并列成分，根据句意‘使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温’确定A选项正确。

4.单选题

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheframesofgoodandevil.

问题1选项

A.external

B.eternal

C.central

D.internal

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。A选项“外部的；表面上的；（药物）外用的”；B选项“不朽的，永恒的，无休止的”；C选项“中心的；主要的；中枢的”；D选项“内部的，内在的”；根据句意‘一些人将生活看作善恶势力之间永恒的冲突’确定B选项正确。

5.单选题

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.outofquestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofthequestion

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。A选项“毫无疑问，没问题”；C选项“毫无疑问”；D选项“不可能，根本谈不上”；B选项不是一个短语；根据句意‘在两党之间有了这样的冲突后，和解是不可能的了’确定D选项正确。

6.单选题

（

）,allofthesoldierslaiddownonthegroundimmediatelyandcouldnotmovetheirbodies,（

）verytired.

问题1选项

A.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;felt

B.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;feeling

C.Finishedthetask;felt

D.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;havingfelt

【答案】A

【解析】非谓语动词的用法。句意：任务一完成，所有的士兵都立即躺在地上并且无法移动分毫，他们都感到很累。分析句子结构可知，第一个空作伴随状语，且主句的主语与从句的主语thetask不一致，所以排除C选项；第二个空谓语动词与laid以及couldnotmove一致，A选项正确。

7.单选题

Natural’senergyefficiencyoften（

）humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency（

）thefirefly’ssystem.

问题1选项

A.engenders;manipulates

B.reflects;simulates

C.outstrips;rivals

D.inhibits;matches

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。首先看第一个空，engender“产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）”；reflect“反映，反射（声、光、热等）”；outstrip“超过，胜过”；inhibit“禁止，抑制”，根据句意第一个空应该填“outstrip”；再看第二个空，manipulate“（暗中）控制，（熟练地）操作”；reflect“表明，显示”；rival“堪比某人/某物竞争，比得上某人/某物”；match“相配，与……不相上下”；根据句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超过人类的技术：尽管莹火虫所发出的光亮极为强烈，但其热量却微乎其微。人类也是在近期才研制出能量效率能与萤火虫的发光体系相媲美的化学发光系统。’最适合填入第二个空的是“rival”，C选项正确。

8.单选题

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn'tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditisaproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe“SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility.Itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Attheturnofthecenturythatfiguregrewto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe26%.Theproblemisnotoldageperse.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson’sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotarevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsian.Careandsupportforone’sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthemoralobligationtolookafterone’sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.Ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,untilnow,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparents.

In1989,anAdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheaged.Itsreportstatedwithatingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewerereceivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhataboutthe5%whoaren'tgettingrelatives'support?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.Noneoftheseoptionsissociallyacceptable.Andwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelytodo,associetyages?

TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothecourtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretiontorefusetomakeanorderifitis

unjust.

Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningupthecourtstofamilylawsuitsmissthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw:thebill’seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.

1.TheMaintenanceofParentsBill（

）.

2.Byquotingthegrowingpercentagepointsoftheagedinthepopulation,theauthorseemstoimplythat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues

（

）.

5.TheauthorthinksthatiftheBillbecomeslaw,itseffectwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.receivedunanimoussupportintileSingaporeParliament

B.wasbelievedtosolvealltheproblemsoftheelderlypoor

C.wasintendedtosubstitutefortraditionalvaluesinSingapore

D.waspassedtomaketheyoungmoreresponsibletotheold

问题2选项

A.thecountrywillfacemountingproblemsoftheoldinfuture

B.thesocialwelfaresystemwouldbeundergreatpressure

C.youngpeopleshouldbegivenmoremoraleducation

D.theoldshouldbeprovidedwithmeansoflivelihood

问题3选项

A.FilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw.

B.Fathershavelegalobligationstolookaftertheirchildren.

C.Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking.

D.TheAdvisoryCouncilwasdissatisfiedwiththeproblemsoftheold.

问题4选项

A.playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblems

B.arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren

C.areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness

D.aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapproved

问题5选项

A.indirect

B.unnoticed

C.apparent

D.contradictory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据本文第一句内容"ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.”可知虽说新法受到了新加坡政府的支持，但是在第二段中说了议会中有些成员反对此法，所以A选项‘得到了新加坡议会的一致支持’错误。作者虽然介绍了此法的一些作用，但并没有说新法将会解决贫穷老人所有的问题，所以B选项‘被认为是解决所有贫困老人的问题’错误。由本文倒数第二段看出新法不仅不会取代新加坡的传统价值观，反而会在保持传统美德方面起重要作用，所以C选项‘是为了取代新加坡的传统价值观’错误。运用排除法确定只有D选项“新法能让年轻人对自己的父母更负责任”正确。

2.推理判断题。作者通过新加坡老龄人口比率的迅速增长来暗示这个国家将会面临很多由人口老龄化带来的问题。而第四段最后一句“Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.经济活跃人口与经济不活跃人口的比例将会下降。”表明问题已经是经济上的问题了，所以A选项‘这个国家未来将面临越来越多的老年人问题’正确。

3.细节事实题。根据本文第七段第二句内容“Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.法律可以强迫父亲抚养孩子。”确定B选项‘父亲有照顾孩子的法律义务。’正确。

4.细节事实题。根据本文倒数第二段第一句话“TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.《赡养父母法案》的提出是为了鼓励传统美德，这些美德迄今使亚洲国家避免了其他富裕社会所遭遇的一些崩溃。”确定作者认为传统美德会保持亚洲的独特性，所以C选项‘保持亚洲的独特性很重要’正确。

5.推理判断题。题目的意思是‘作者认为，如果该法案成为法律，其效果将是….’文章最后说“Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.只有在极端情况下，父母才会把孩子告上法庭。”在接下来的几段里，作者讲到赡养父母是个人的责任，并非社会的责任。而有些人碍于情面，不得不重新考虑赡养父母的问题。因此该议案起到了间接的作用。A选项‘间接的’正确。B选项unnoticed表示“被忽视的”；C选项apparent表示“明显的”；D选项contradictory表示“矛盾的”。

9.单选题

Lateralthinking(thinkinginaroundaboutway),firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit，”Edwardadmits.

NowCasparisatOxford,whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenhewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,"usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,TeachYourChildHowtoThink,inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.

Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn'titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?“Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.But,thefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”TeachYourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.

1.WhatistrueaboutCaspar?

2.CasparsucceededinapplyingforadmissiontoOxfordbecause（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsshowsEdwarddeBono’sview,accordingtoparagraph3?

4.Lateralthinkinginvolvesallthefollowingexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.HeisEdward'sson.

B.Heisanadventurousthinker.

C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

问题2选项

A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

B.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

C.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

D.hereadthebook,TeachYourChildHowtoThink,beforetheexam

问题3选项

A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.

B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoreachchildrentothink.

C.Thinkingissomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

D.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

问题4选项

A.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking

B.followingalogicsequencewhilethinking

C.seeingtheimplicationofwhatyouaresaying

D.knowingtheimpliedmeaningofusingthealternatives

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。本题询问关于Caspar哪个说法正确。A选项意为“他是爱德华的儿子”；B选项意为“他是一个开拓型思维的人”；C选项意为“他首次描绘了水平思考法”；D选项意为“他经常受到他的老师的叱责”。根据原文“Lateralthinking(thinkinginaroundaboutway),firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar'sparentsworriedthat...1967年，爱德华•德•波诺(EdwarddeBono)首次描述了横向思维(以迂回的方式思考)，他只比爱德华的儿子大几岁。你可能会认为卡斯帕从小就被培养成一个敢于冒险的思想家，但德博诺这个名字太有名了，卡斯帕的父母担心……”可知Caspar是Edward的儿子这一点是正确的，A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。本题询问Caspar申请牛津大学成功的原因。A选项意为“他仔细认真并且经常学习刻苦过度”；B选项意为“他所有的老师都认为他能考上”；C选项意为“他在考试中运用了他父亲提供的技巧”；D选项意为“他在考试之前阅读了《教会孩子如何思维》这本书。根据原文“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.然后我们进行了几次思考，”他的父亲说，“用我的技巧，当他去参加考试时，他做得非常好。”可知是因为运用了他父亲教的方法所以Caspar成功申请到牛津大学，C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。本题询问根据第三段内容，下列选项能够表达EdwarddeBono的观点的陈述是哪一个。A选项意为“人人都知道孩子的思维是不太有逻辑的”；B选项意为“试图教会孩子思考是一场艰苦的战斗”；C选项意为“根据传统的观点，人们认为思维要按照一定的逻辑顺序进行”；D选项意为“我们经常无法有效地思考是因为我们的视野过于狭隘”。根据原文“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”TeachYourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives我们常常思考效率低下，因为我们的视野太有限。“教你的孩子如何思考可以提高他们的感知能力，让他们清楚地看到你所说的东西的含义，并探索其他选择……可可知Edward认为我们经常无法有效地思考是因为我们太限制了自己的视野，D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。本题询问水平思考法不包括下列哪一项内容。A选项意为“改善一个人的思维感知”；B选项意为“按照一定的逻辑顺序思考”；C选项意为“明白你所说内容的含义”；D选项意为“明白使用其他替换对象的隐含意义”。根据原文YourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.我们的孩子如何思考提供了认知改善的课程，清楚地看到你所说的东西的含义，并探索其他选择。”可知水平思考法包括了其他三项内容，B选项没有提及，B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

She’scute,noquestion.Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold-enteringanymeat-marketbar,awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.ButwhenVictorJohnstonpointsandclicks,thefaceonhiscomputerscreenchangesintoastateofsuperheated,crystallizedbeauty.“Youcanseeit.It’sjustsoextraordinary,”saysJohnston,aprofessorofbiopsychologyatNewMexicoStateUniversitywhosoundsalittleinlovewithhiscreation.

Thetransformationfromprettywomantoknee-weakeningbabeisallthemoreamazingbecausethechangeswroughtbyJohnston’ssoftwareare,objectivelyspeaking,quitesubtle.Hecreatedtheoriginalfacebydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces.Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".Theeyesgrewabitlarger,thenosenarrowedslightlyandthelipsplumped.Theseareshiftsofjustafewmillimeters,butexperimentsinthiscountryandScotlandaresuggestingthatbothmalesandfemalesfind“feminized”versionsofaveragedfacesmorebeautiful.

Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.Hemaynothaveanyrock-solidanswersyet,butheisfarfromaloneinattemptingtoapplyscientificinquirytosoambiguousasubject.Aroundtheworld,researchersaremarchingintoterritoryformerlystakedoutbypoetsandpainterstouncovertheunderpinningsofhumanattractiveness.

Theresearchresultssofararesurprisingandhumbling.Numerousstudiesindicatethathumanbeautymaynotbesimplyintheeyeofthebeholderoranarbitraryculturalartifact.Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.Ifbeautyisnottruth,itmaybehealthandfertility:HalleBerry'sflawlessskinmayfascinatemoviegoersbecause,atsomedeeplevel,itpersuadesusthatsheisparasite-free.

Humanattractivenessresearchisarelativelyyoungandcertainlycontentiousfield—theallureofhyper-females,forexample,isstillhotlydebated—butthoseonitsfrontlinesagreeononepoint:Wewon'tconquer“looks-ism”untilweunderstanditssource.AspsychologistNancyEtcoffputsit:“Theideathatbeautyisunimportantoraculturalconstructistherealbeautymyth.Wehavetounderstandbeauty,orwewillalwaysbeenenslavedbyit.”

1.Thewomandescribedintheverybeginningofthetextis（

）.

2.VictorJohnstonsynthesizedanewfacebycombiningthefeaturesof16

（

）.

3.ThoughafewtinychangesmadebyJohnston,thesynthesizedfacebecameevenmore

（

）.

4.VictorJohnstonhasproducedsuchanattractivefaceinorderto

（

）.

5.Paragraph4suggeststhathumanbeautymaybe（

）.

问题1选项

A.infactinherlatetwenties

B.Johnston'sidealgirlfriend

C.astunningbeauty

D.isaprofessionalprostitute

问题2选项

A.beautifulEuropeanwomen

B.casuallychosenwhitewomen

C.differentwomenaroundtheworld

D.ordinarywesternwomen

问题3选项

A.masculine

B.average

C.feminine

D.neutral

问题4选项

A.givehiscomputerabeautifulscreen

B.studythemythofhumanattractiveness

C.provethehumancapacitytocreatebeauties

D.understandwhyCaucasianfacesarespecial

问题5选项

A.culturallydifferent

B.adisease-freeidol

C.dependentonindividual

D.avalueagreedbytheworld

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段中第一句“awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.—有幸拥有这样一副姣好面容的女子，其回头率一定会是百分百的。”可知C选项“一个绝色美女”正确；而A选项“实际上己经快30岁了”、B选项“约翰斯顿理想的女朋友”及D选项“是一位职业妓女”文中都未提到，排除。

2.细节事实题。题干意思是‘维克多•约翰斯顿合成了一张新面孔，结合了16岁…….特征’。由第二段中第二句“bydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces通过数字地平均16个任意选择的女性白种人的面容”确定B选项“随便选择的白人女性”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干意思是‘尽管约翰斯顿做了一些微小的改变，合成的脸变得更加…’。由第二段中第三句“Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".然