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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
The()spreadsoquicklythatnobodyinthatareasurvivedit.
问题1选项
A.plague
B.disease
C.vaccine
D.measles
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。plague“瘟疫”;disease“疾病”;vaccine“疫苗”;measles“麻疹”。句意:传播得如此之快,以至于那个地区没有人能幸免于难。选项A更符合语境。
2.单选题
Willyouplease()thisarticletoseeifthereisanymisprint?
问题1选项
A.lookup
B.goover
C.dwellon
D.workout
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。lookup“查阅,拜访”;goover“复习,仔细检查”;dwellon“详述,细想”;workout“解决,算出,锻炼”。根据下半句的内容“看看是否有打印错误”,可知应该是仔细检查一下这篇文章,所以选项B符合句意。
3.单选题
Ifyouwantedtoquestionwhetherglobalwarmingisindeeduponus,lastweekwasnotthetimetodoit.Twoweeksbeforetheofficialbeginningofsummer,aheatwavebakedtheeasternthirdoftheU.S.andCanada,drivingtemperatureshighintothe90sandeven100s.Atthesametime,aflurryofscientificpaperswasreleasedthatseemedtoexplainallthelate-springsuffering.Inonestudy,Frenchresearchersreportedthatheat-trappinggreenhousegasesareattheirhighestlevelsin420,000years.Inanother,U.S.scientistsfoundthat57speciesofbutterflymaybealteringtheirmigratorypatternsinresponsetochangingheatpatterns.
Inlightofallthis,aswelteringpublicmusthavebeenconvincedatlastthatit’stimetodosomethingtocoolofftheoverheatedplanet,right?Wrong.Evenasthetemperaturewasclimbing,anewsurveybytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionfoundthatAmericansarelessconcernedthaneveraboutcombatingglobalwarming."Themorewetalkaboutwarming,"saysthestudy'sdirector,JohnImmerwahr,"the(morethe)public'sconcerngoesdown."
Suchanenvironmentaldisconnectmaynotbemuchofamystery.Environmentalistscomplainthatoverthepasttwoyearsindustrygroupshavelaunchedacoordinatedadvertisingcampaigntotorpedothe1997Kyototreaty,whichrequiresindustrialnationstoreducegreenhouseemissions.Morethan$13millionhasbeenspentonadstoblockratificationofthetreatybytheU.S.Senate."ThepurposeoftheadswastoconvincemostAmericansthatthereisn’taproblemorthatit’stooexpensivetofix,"saysNationalEnvironmentalTrustspokesmanPeterKelly.
EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue.Forexample,intheyearof1997,PresidentClintonmovedforKyototreatychangesthatenvironmentalgroupsseeasindustry-pleasingloopholes.SaysDanielWeiss,theSierraClub'spoliticaldirector:"Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness."Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.Ifsuchpopularso-whatingpersists,Immerwahrwarns,thepublicmaybegingraspingatphonysolutionstoglobalwarming.Attheendoflastweek,somepeopletookcomfortfromthereportofavasthazeofpollutantsthatcollectsovertheIndianOceaninthewinter,butthatresearchersonlyrecentlystudied.Filthyasthecloudis,itdoesdeflectsolarradiation,andthatcouldleadtocooling.Butscientistswarnthatwecannotsimplypolluteourwayoutofglobalwarming.Thesootdropsfromthehazyatmosphereinweeks,whereasgreenhousegasesremainforcenturies.
Thewayoutofthisgridlock,environmentalistssay,istoshowit’spossibletoreducegreenhousegaseswithoutsinkingtheeconomy.Solutionsincludecleanercarsandbetterwind-andsolar-powertechnologies.SaysGregWetstone,programdirectorfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil:"Whenthesekindsofoptionsbecomeavailable,peoplewillfeellesshopeless."Ofcourse,it’salsopossiblethatonlywhenpeoplefeellesshopelesswilltheypresstheirleaderstomakethesolutionsavailable.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,globalwarmingis().
2.Speakingofglobalwarming,Americanpublicis().
3.Thepublic’sreactiontoglobalwarmingismainlyaresultof().
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().
问题1选项
A.causingalotoftrouble
B.notasseriousasitseems
C.feltonlyinAmericaandCanada
D.whataccountsforthehighlevelofgreenhousegases
问题2选项
A.concerned
B.indifferent
C.worried
D.frightened
问题3选项
A.theirdisbeliefoftheexistenceofsuchproblem
B.theadvertisingcampaignofindustrialgroups
C.thehighcostoffixingtheproblem
D.AmericanSenate’sdisapprovalofKyototreaty
问题4选项
A.EnvironmentalistsurgePresidentClintonadministrationtopresstheissue.
B.Kyototreatyaimsatcurbingtheglobalwarmingproblem.
C.Americangovernmentispartlyresponsibleforthepublic'sattitudetowardglobalwarming
D.Industrialgroupsdonotcareaboutglobalwarming.
问题5选项
A.environmentalistssupporttheideaofsolvingglobalwarmingthroughpollution
B.thepoorleadershipofAmericanPresidenthasproducedaverybadinfluence
C.Americaneconomywillsufferifglobalwarmingiscurbed
D.peoplehavenoconfidenceinsolvingproblemofglobalwarming
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干询问:根据作者(的观点),全球变暖是什么?根据原文第一段可知,在夏季正式开始的前两周,一股热浪席卷了美国东部三分之一的地区和加拿大,将气温推高至华氏90多度甚至100多度。在一项研究中,法国研究人员报告称,吸热的温室气体达到了42万年来的最高水平。在另一项研究中,美国科学家发现57种蝴蝶可能会改变它们的迁徙模式,以应对不断变化的热度。由此可见,全球变暖带来了很多问题和影响,它已经确确实实存在于我们身边。所以A选项“产生许多麻烦”表述正确。
第2题:2.细节事实题。题干询问:谈及全球变暖,美国民众是什么样的态度?A选项concerned表示“担忧的”;B选项indifferent表示“漠不关心的”;C选项worried表示“担心的”;D选项frightened表示“害怕的”。根据第二段最后两句可知,尽管气温不断攀升,但美国人比以往任何时候都更不关心对抗全球变暖的问题,越是谈论全球变暖的问题,公众的担忧就越少。由此可见,大众并不关心对抗全球变暖一事,所以他们对于这件事的态度应是漠不关心的,即indifferent。故本题正确答案为B选项。
第3题:3.推理判断题。题干询问:民众对全球变暖的反应主要是什么原因造成的?根据题干关键信息可定位到原文第三段,产业集团发起了广告宣传活动,以破坏《京都议定书》的签署。与此同时,这些广告让人们相信全球变暖的问题不存在或解决这个问题的需要的成本太高,因此大众才会对全球变暖问题漠视。由此可知,广告宣传是大众有如此反应的根本原因,故B选项“产业集团的广告宣传”是本题的正确答案。
第4题:4.细节事实题。题干询问下列哪项在文中没有提及?根据第四段第一句“EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue”可知,环保主义者也批评克林顿总统没有推动这个问题的解决,说明美国政府应当为公众对于全球变暖的态度负部分责任,故C选项正确。但文章未提到环保主义者要敦促总统去解决全球变暖问题。所以,A选项表述错误。工业团体发布广告宣传来破坏《京都议定书》的签署并且误导大众,说明他们并不关心全球变暖问题,也说明《京都议定书》确实能对全球变暖进行遏制,所以B、D选项正确。因此本题正确答案为A选项。
第5题:5.推理判断题。题干询问:从文中可以推断出什么信息?根据原文第四段可知,作者指出,环保人士批评克林顿总统的做法,并引用环保者的表述“Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness.Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.(胆小的领导人传达的是绝望,从而导致人们的冷漠。)”。因此,作者认为克林顿总统的领导不力产生了很糟糕的影响,故B选项表述正确。A选项中通过污染来解决环保问题并不是环保人士的观点,所以表述错误。C选项指出全球变暖被遏制,美国的经济会受影响。原文只是表明工业团体通过广告宣传破坏《京都议定书》,说明这些工业团体利益会受损,但并不是指整个经济会受影响,故表述错误。D选项表述人们对解决全球变暖问题没有信心,原文信息指出的是大家对这一问题漠不关心,所以D选项也错误。因此,本题正确答案为B选项。
4.单选题
Thisunfortunateincidentmay()theprogressofthepeacetalks.
问题1选项
A.stalk
B.hinder
C.promote
D.reinforce
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stalk“追踪,潜近”;B选项hinder“阻碍;打扰”;C选项promote“促进;提升”;D选项reinforce“加强,加固”。句意:这一不幸事件可能会阻碍和平谈判的进程。此处应填入一个动词,宾语是“和平谈判的进程”。因此B项符合句意。
5.单选题
Theyoungpeoplemadeanew()tothegovernor.
问题1选项
A.proposal
B.submerge
C.tendency
D.thread
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proposal“提议,建议”。B选项submerge“淹没”。C选项.tendency“倾向,趋势”。D选项thread“线,螺纹”。句意:年轻人向领导提出了一项新建议。因此A选项符合题意。
6.单选题
I()thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.
问题1选项
A.perceived
B.deceived
C.conceived
D.received
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“注意到;意识到;察觉到;”;B选项deceive“欺骗;蒙骗”;C选项conceive“出(主意、计划等);想象;构想”;D选项receive“拿到;接到;收到”。句意:我觉察到他的腿有点瘸,所以我放慢了脚步。根据关键词“所以我放慢了脚步”可知是因为“觉察到”他的腿有点瘸。故选A。
7.单选题
Asthedogdaysofsummerwane,mostpeoplearepreparingtosendtheirkidsbacktoschool.Inyearspast,thishasmeantbuyingnotebooksandpencils,perhapsevenanewbackpack.Butoverthepastdecadeorso,theback-to-schoolchecklisthasformanyalsoincludedanarrayofscreendevicesthatmanyparentsdutifullystuffintotheirchildren’sbag.
Thescreenrevolutionhasseenpedagogyundergoaseismicshiftastechnologynowdominatestheeducationallandscape.InalmosteveryclassroominAmericatoday,youwillfindsometypeofscreen—smartboards,Chromebooks,tablets,smartphones.Frominner-cityschoolstothoseinruralandremotetowns,wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.
Thisisalie.
Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.I'veworkedwithoverathousandteensinthepast15years,andhaveobservedthatstudentswhohavebeenraisedonahigh-techdietnotonlyappeartostrugglemorewithattentionandfocus,butalsoseemtosufferfromanadolescentmalaisethatappearstobeadirectbyproductoftheirdigitalimmersion.Indeed,overtwohundredpeer-reviewedstudiespointtoscreentimecorrelatingtoincreasedADHD(多动症发病率),screenaddition,increasedaggression,depression,anxietyandevenpsychosis.
Butifthatistrue,whywouldwehaveallowedthese"educational"Trojanhorsestoslipintoourschools?Followthemoney.
Educationtechnologyisestimatedtobecomea$60billionindustryby2018.Withtheadventofthe"CommonCore"in2010,whichnationalizedcurriculumarandtextbooksstandards,themultibillion-dollartextbookindustrybecameveryattractiveforeducationalgunslingerslookingtocapitalizeonthenewWildWestofeducationtechnology.Atabletwitheducationalsoftwarenolongerneededstate-by-statecurricularcustomization.Itcouldnowbesoldtotheentirecountry.
ThisnewGoldRushattractedpeoplelikeRupertMurdoch,nototherwiseknownforhisconcernforAmericanpedagogy,whowouldgoontoinvestover$1billionintoed-techcompanycalledAmplify,withthestatedmissionofsellingeverystudentinAmericatheirproprietarytablet-foronly$199-alongwiththesoftwareandannuallicensingfees.
Amplifyhiredhundredsofvideogamedesignerstobuildeducationalvideogames-whiletheyandothertechentrepreneursattemptedtosellthenotionthatAmericanstudentsnolongerhadtheattentionspanfortraditionaleducation.Theirsolution:Educatetheminamorestimulatingand"engaging”manner.
Butlet'slookmorecloselyatthatclaim.ADHDrateshaveindeedexplodedby50percentoverthepast10yearswiththeU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)indicatingthatratescontinuetorisebyfivepercentperyear.YetmanyresearchersandneuroscientistsbelievethatthisADHDepidemicisadirectresultofchildrenbeinghyper-stimulated.Usinghyper-stimulatingdigitalcontentto"engage”thosedistractedstudentsexacerbates(使……恶化)theproblemthatitendeavorstosolve.ItcreatesaviciousandaddictiveADHDcycle:Themoreachildisstimulated,themorethatchildneedstokeepgettingstimulatedinordertoholdtheirattention.
Murdoch'sAmplifywasn'ttheonlydubioused-techcash-grab.ThecityofLosAngeleshadenteredintoa$1.3billioncontractin2014tobuyiPadsloadedwithPearsoneducationalsoftwareforallofits650,000Kthrough12thstudents-untiltheFBIinvestigateditscontractandfoundthatnow-formerSuperintendentJohnDeasyhadacloserelationshipwithAppleandPearsonexecutives.(BeforethedealwaskilledinDecember2014,thePearsonplatformhadimcompletedandessentiallyworthlesscurriculumandsuchfeeblesecurityrestrictionsstudentsthatbypasstheminweeks.)
DespitetheAmplifyandLAdebacles,othersstillseektoconvincenaiveschoolsadministratorsthatscreensaretheeducationalpanacea.YetasmoreAmericanschoolslayoffteacherswhilesettingasidescarcebudgetdollarsfortech,manyeducatorsandparentsalikehavebeguntoask:Doanyofthesehypnoticmarvelsofthedigitalageactuallyproducebettereducationaloutcomesforthekidswhousethem?
Dr.KentaroToyama,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sSchoolofInformation,oncebelievedthattechnologyintheclassroomcouldsolvetheproblemsofmodernurbaneducation.NoLuddite,hehadreceivedhisPh.D.incomputersciencefromYaleandhadmovedtoIndiain2004tohelpfoundanewresearchlabformobilephonesandothertechnologiesthatcouldhelpeducateIndia’sbillion-pluspopulation.
Ratherthanfindingadigitaleducationalcure,hecametounderstandwhathercallstechnology's“LawofAmplification":technologycouldhelpeducationwhereit’salreadydoingwell,butitdoeslittleformediocreeducationalsystems.Worse,indysfunctionalschools,it"cancauseoutrightharm."Headded,"Unfortunately,thereisnotechnologicalfix...moretechnologyonlymagnifiessocioeconomicdisparities,andtheonlywaytoavoidthatisnon-technological.”
Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.
SchoolsneedtoheedthisresearchinordertotrulyunderstandhowtobestnurturerealintrinsiclearningandnotfallfortheSirensongofthetechcompanies-andalloftheirhypnoticscreens.
1.Theauthorimpliesthatthescreenrevolution().
2.Whatdoes“lie”inpara.3mean?
3.Whydotheclassroomhigh-techsattractpeoplelikeMurdoch?
4.“Luddite”inparagraph12meansapersonwhoisopposedto().
5.Itseemsthattheauthorapproveshighlyof()intheclassroomandschooleducation.
问题1选项
A.hindersthechangeoftheteachingmethods
B.helpsthestudyofteachingmethodsdevelop
C.dominatesthestudyofteachingmethods
D.changestogetherwiththechangeofthestudyofteachingmethods
问题2选项
A.Techintheclassroomleadstoworseeducationaloutcomesforkids
B.NoteveryclassroomintheU.S.isequippedwithscreens
C.Technologyintheclassroomisnecessaryandbeneficialineducation
D.Raisedonahigh-techdietappearstobeadirectbyproductofthekids'digitalimmersion
问题3选项
A.Followthemoney
B.Followtheroutineofhigh-tech
C.Advocatefundamentaleducation
D.Enlargetheinfluenceoftheirownbrands
问题4选项
A.democracy
B.newtechnology
C.work
D.education
问题5选项
A.smartboards
B.chromebooks
C.humaninteraction
D.on-linelearning
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。题干询问:作者暗示,屏幕革命如何?根据原文第三段“Thisisalie”可知,这是作者对于上文提到的“…wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.”这一观点持有否定态度,不应该将教室中的技术视为教育中必要且有益的发展。而根据原文第四段第一句“Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.”可知,这些技术不仅会使孩子们的课堂教学质量下降,还会对孩子造成伤害。因此,可排除B选项;根据第二段第一句可知,technology在教育界占有重要地位,而不是screenrevolution,故排除C;而D选项“随着教学方法研究的变化而变化”在原文中并未提及。所以,只有A项“阻碍教育方法的改变”最符合原文内容,故本题正确答案为A选项。
第2题:2.推理判断题。题干询问:第三段中的“lie”指的是什么?根据上下文可知,第三段中的this指代的是上文第二段提出的“将教室中的技术视为教育中必要且有益的发展”这一观点,作者认为这种观点就是谎言,所以是对这一观点进行否定。因此,通过分析上下文语境可知,“lie”是指C选项“课堂上的技术是必要的,对教育也是有益的”。A选项表示“教室里的科技导致了孩子们更糟糕的教育结果”,B选项表示“不是美国的每个教室都有屏幕”,D选项表示“在高科技饮食中长大似乎是孩子们沉浸数字的直接副产品”。
第3题:3.细节事实题。题干询问:为什么课堂高科技会吸引像默多克这样的人?在原文第五段,作者将课堂科技比作特洛伊木马,而课堂科技之所以能进入课堂,都是因为后文提到的“followthemoney”。接着作者讲到课堂科技拥有巨大的产业价值,而这样的淘金热自然会吸引默多克这样的大亨。由此可知,默多克这样的人被吸引而来主要是为了追求财富。因此,本题正确答案为A选项。
第4题:4.细节事实题。题干询问:第12段中“Luddite”是指反对什么的人?将“Luddite”定位到原文中第12段可以发现,Dr.KentaroToyama是一位非“Luddite”,而他认为课堂技术可以解决现代教育中的问题。那么,“Luddite”自然就是反对“课堂技术可以解决现代教育中的问题”的人,也就是反对新技术的人。由此可以判断,B选项表述符合原文内容,故本题正确答案为B选项。
第5题:5.细节事实题。题干询问:作者似乎高度赞扬课堂和学校教育中的什么?根据原文倒数第二段“Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.”可知,我们把自己对于科技的迷恋投射到了课堂上,认为我们的学生宁可学习使用小工具。然而,他们渴望和需要的是与有血有肉的教育者进行接触。所以作者提倡在课堂和学校教育中需要的是人与人之间的互动。因此,本题正确答案为C选项。
8.单选题
Thechildhasagood()memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.
问题1选项
A.convey
B.verbal
C.optimistic
D.authentic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。convey动词,“传达,运输”;verbal“口头的,言语的”;optimistic“乐观的”;authentic“真正的”。根据下文“她能准确地复述她母亲讲给她听的故事”,说明孩子的口头记忆很好,所以选项B正确。
9.单选题
Idon’tthinkthatthisquestionissubordinate()themainaimofourcompany.
问题1选项
A.with
B.to
C.for
D.on
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:我认为这个问题不属于我们公司的主要目标。besubordinateto意为“从属于……,次于……”,选项B正确。
10.单选题
ThisisanenormousfieldofwhichIcantouchonlythe().
问题1选项
A.pan
B.outside
C.fringe
D.edge
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。pan“盘状的器皿”;outside“外部”;fringe“边缘”,也指(相对于主要部分而言的)较次要部分;edge“边缘,优势”,普通用词,指较窄的边沿。句意:这是一个庞大的领域,我只能触及它的边缘。潜在意思就是只了解一个大概,并且都是一些不重要的东西,所以选项C更符合语境。
11.单选题
Amajor()innegotiationhasbeenachieved.
问题1选项
A.breakthrough
B.breakdown
C.outbreak
D.break-off
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项breakthrough“突破;突破性进展”;B选项breakdown“故障;崩溃;分解”;C选项outbreak“(战争)爆发;(疾病)发作”;D选项break-off“折断;暂停工作”。句意:在谈判方面取得了重大……。achieve属于积极性词汇,“取得突破”更为准确,因此A选项正确。
12.单选题
Themoderncameralensmaybecoatedwithmorethanten()foreachpieceofitsglass.
问题1选项
A.levels
B.stories
C.layers
D.formations
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项level“水平”。B选项story“故事,小说”。C选项layer“层,膜”。D选项formation“形成,构成”。句意:目前相机镜头的每片玻璃可以涂上十层以上的涂层。因此C选项符合题意。
13.单选题
Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer()withtherealityoftheirworld.
问题1选项
A.relevant
B.simultaneous
C.consistent
D.practical
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项relevant表示“相关的;中肯的”,常与介词to搭配,B选项simultaneous表示“同时的,同时发生的”,C选项consistent表示“一致的;连续的”,常与介词with搭配,D选项practical表示“实际的;实践的”。由题干信息可知,原文空缺处单词需与with构成搭配,表示“与……一致”,因此,本题最佳选项为C选项。句意:你必须坚持要求学生的真实回答要与他们的现实世界一致。
14.单选题
They()thehallwithpictures.
问题1选项
A.adorned
B.ornamented
C.supplied
D.trimmed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。adorn“装饰”,一般指为了“美观”而装饰;ornament“装饰,修饰”,多指比较“浮夸”的装饰品,通常在描述很大的豪宅时用ornament比较多;supply“提供,供应”;trim“修剪,切除”。句中指的是用画来装饰大厅,所以选项A更恰当。
15.单选题
Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks().
问题1选项
A.legal
B.regulations
C.limitation
D.agreement
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legal“法律的,合法的”。B选项regulation“规则,法规”。C选项limitation“限制,限度”。D选项agreement“协议,同意”。句意:艾伦是个优秀的足球运动员,从不犯规。breakregulation译为“犯规”。因此B选项符合题意。
16.单选题
Itissuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould()informationontheirfinancialinterests.
问题1选项
A.discover
B.uncover
C.tell
D.disclose
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。discover“发现,探索”;uncover“发现;揭示”;tell“告诉;说;辨别”;disclose“公开,揭露”。句意:政府部长被建议公开揭露他们的经济利益。选项D符合题意。
17.单选题
WhenJackwaseighteenhe()goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.
问题1选项
A.tookto
B.tookup
C.tookfor
D.tookon
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项taketo“喜欢;走向;开始从事”;B选项takeup“拿起;开始从事;占据”;C选项takefor“认为;以为”;D选项takeon“承担;呈现;接纳”。句意:杰克十八岁时,……和一群奇怪的人来往,而且很晚才回家。本句是说杰克在这个年龄段的行为,可理解为是一种喜好,A选项符合句意。
18.单选题
Youmayput()onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.
问题1选项
A.fat
B.grease
C.oil
D.cream
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”;grease“油脂,润滑油”;oil“石油,油画材料”;cream“奶油,乳脂”。根据句意可知,涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油,所以选项B正确。
19.单选题
Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”
Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.
Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.
Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.
1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?
2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause().
3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?
4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto().
5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans().
问题1选项
A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.
B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.
C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.
D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.
问题2选项
A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40
B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces
C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions
D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren
问题3选项
A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.
B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.
C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.
D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.
问题4选项
A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture
B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650
C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears
D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth
问题5选项
A.statisticsofhuman
B.surroundingsstudy
C.accumulationofhuman
D.developmentofhuman
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(细长的火药引线)”:…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes,“它一直断断续续地燃烧,直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高,有时出生率还低于死亡率,到了近期才出现快速增长,对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期,然后人口突然暴增”。
第2题:2.细节事实题。文章第二段说到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常,社会处于灭绝的明显危险之中的原因是死亡率可能超过出生率,B选项“大多数地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。
第3题:3.推理判断题。A选项“从现在到2000年可能会增加22亿人”对应最后一段第三句与第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”,从1650年到现在,人口从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计,到2000年,全世界将有62亿人。通过数字相减可得A选项正确;B选项“目前,每6个小时大约有5万个婴儿出生”,文中说到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”,在公元前8000年到1650年之间,世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前,这个数字每六个小时增加一次。但本句中只是说population人口增加,并不是婴儿出生多少;C选项“从公元前8000年到现在,人口每年大约增加8000万人”对应最后一句,但句中指的是新增人口8000万,而不是每年会增加8000万;D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间的人口增长速度比1650年到现在的人口增长速度快”属于反向干扰,现在的人口增长速度显然更快。
第4题:4.作者意图题。本文从历史的角度出发,讲解了各个历史时期人口增长的变化,并列出了详细数据,因此D选项“向我们展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增长图景”符合文意。
第5题:5.词义推测题。第一段第一句说到“populationproblem(人口问题)”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即对应growth,因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation,A选项正确。
20.单选题
Mostpeoplebelievethatthestudyofanothernation,itssocietyandculture,canbenotonlyfascinatingbutalso().
问题1选项
A.beneficial
B.benefit
C.benefiting
D.beneficent
【答案】A
【解析】考查同根词辨析。A选项beneficial“有利的,有用的”;B选项benefit“使受益”;C选项benefiting“benefit的现在分词”;D选项beneficent“有裨益的,慈善的”。句意:大多数人认为,研究另一个国家,及其社会和文化,不仅是有趣的,而且是有益的。这里考查benefit的各种变体,notonly…butalso连接fascinating(极有吸引力的,迷人的)和空格,因此空格处应填入与fascinating相近且并列的词,故选A。
21.单选题
Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday().
问题1选项
A.introduction
B.advertisement
C.book
D.brochure
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。introduction“介绍,前言,入门”;advertisement“广告”;book“书”;brochure“小册子,手册”。句意:由于你准备度假,我建议你去旅行社找本假日手册。选项D符合题意。
22.单选题
Thepoliceare()theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.
问题1选项
A.verifying
B.acknowledging
C.expressing
D.confessing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项verify“核实;查证”;B选项acknowledge“承认;答谢;报偿”;C选项express“表达;快递”;D选项confess“承认;坦白;忏悔”。句意:警察通过询问几个证人来……囚犯的供词。证人的意义在于“核实”,因此A选项正确。
23.单选题
Iaskedthecounselortogivemea()estimateofthefeeofdefendingmycaseincourt.
问题1选项
A.rude
B.crude
C.rough
D.coarse
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项rude表示“粗鲁的;无礼的,未开化的”,B选项crude表示“粗糙的,天然的,未加工的”,C选项rough表示“粗糙的,粗略的,艰苦的,未加工的”,D选项coarse表示“粗鄙的;粗糙的”。根据关键词estimate可知,我让律师对我的案件上庭辩护所需费用进行粗略估算。因此,只有C项最符合原文语境,故本题正确答案为C选项。
24.单选题
Itisa()_truththatmanistheonlyanimalthathasthepowertospeakandreason.
问题1选项
A.corporate
B.virtual
C.universal
D.indefinite
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项corporate“法人的,共同的”。B选项virtual“虚拟的”。C选项universal“普遍的,全世界的”。D选项indefinite“不确定的,无限的”。句意:人类是唯一具有说话和推理能力的动物,这是一个公认的事实。本句表示“人类是仅有的具有说话和推理能力的动物,这是一个普遍公认的事实。”因此C选项符合题意。
25.单选题
ProfessorSmithandBrownwill()ingivingtheclasslectures.
问题1选项
A.differ
B.alternate
C.change
D.alter
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。differ“与……不同”;alternate“交流,轮流,交替发生”;change“改变”;alter“改变,更改,修改”。句意:史密斯教授和布朗教授轮流上课。选项B符合题意。
26.翻译题
GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates
"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.
1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.
Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationrep
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