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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Theyareconsidering(

)thehousebeforethepricesgodown.

问题1选项

A.selling

B.ofselling

C.tosell

D.overselling

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。动词consider后可接名词或动名词,后接动词不定式时通常要带how、where、who之类的疑问词,因此选A。句意:他们正考虑在价格下降之前卖掉房子。

2.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

如果使用得当,恐惧和与之相伴的痛苦是人类和动物拥有的最有用的两样东西。如果火烧到时不会疼痛,孩子们会一直玩火直到烧掉双手。同样地,如果只有痛苦而没有恐惧,一个孩子会一次又一次地用火烧自己,因为恐惧不会警告他远离曾经烧到他的火。一个真正无畏的士兵——的确存在这样的人——不是一个好士兵,因为他很快就会被杀死。而一个死掉的士兵对他的军队没有任何用处。所以恐惧和痛苦是两位保镖,人类和动物没有它们就会很快灭亡。重要的不是让恐惧控制你,而是要用恐惧来做你的仆人和向导。

【答案】Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossessiftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnthechildtokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist—isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.

3.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren(

)aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modify“修改,更改”;B选项duplicate“模仿,复制”;C选项accelerate“加速,增速”;D选项stimulate“刺激”。根据宾语aviolentact(暴力行为)可知B选项符合语境。句意:最近,有报道称,一些儿童模仿了以前在电视上看到的暴力行为。

4.单选题

Thewastepipeisblocked;try(

)itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

问题1选项

A.blushing

B.crushing

C.brushing

D.flushing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项blush“脸红”;B选项crush“压破,压碎”;C选项brush“(用刷子)刷净,刷亮”;D选项flush“发红,脸红,(用水)冲洗”。根据句意可知此处指用热水冲洗,因此选D。句意:排污管被堵住了,试试用热水冲洗,或者叫水管工来做。

5.单选题

Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin(

)computers.

问题1选项

A.abstract

B.obsolete

C.obstinate

D.obese

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项abstract“抽象的,理论上的”;B选项obsolete“淘汰的,废弃的,过时的”;C选项obstinate“固执的,顽固的,棘手的”;D选项obese“臃肿的,虚胖的,病态肥胖的”。原句表示“专业档案管理员和图书管理员有方法以其它格式复制资料,并有专门技能挽回困在_____计算机中的资料”,因此B选项符合语境。句意:专业档案管理员和图书管理员有方法以其它格式复制资料,并有专门技能挽回困在废弃计算机中的资料。

6.单选题

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquite(

)thismorning.

问题1选项

A.insane

B.lucid

C.patient

D.messy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项insane“精神失常的,精神错乱的”;B选项lucid“表达清楚的,头脑清晰的,清醒的”;C选项patient“有耐心的,能忍耐的”;D选项messy“肮脏的,凌乱的”。由but(表示转折关系)可知空格处与前面的delirious(极度亢奋的,精神错乱的)意思相反,因此选B。句意:她昨晚神志不清,但今天早上似乎很清醒。

7.单选题

Remembertoaskfora(

)ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“(商品)保用单”;B选项promise“诺言,许诺”;C选项certificate“证明书”;D选项receipt“收据,收条”。根据maintenance(维修)可知A选项符合逻辑。句意:记得为这些商品要一份质量保修单,否则他们不会提供任何维修服务。

8.单选题

When(

)atthedoor,shewasgivenawarmwelcome.

问题1选项

A.appear

B.appeared

C.appearing

D.appears

【答案】C

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。在when引导的时间状语从句中,当主句与从句的主语一致时,可以省略相同的主语和be动词。此题从句中的逻辑主语为she,she与appear之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词,选C。句意:当她在门口出现时,受到了热烈的欢迎。

9.单选题

Thiskindofmaterialcan(

)heatandmoisture.

问题1选项

A.delete

B.repel

C.compel

D.constrain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项delete“删除”;B选项repel“抗拒,抵御”;C选项compel“强迫,迫使”;D选项constrain“强迫,限制,约束”。根据宾语heatandmoisture(热和潮湿)可知B选项符合逻辑。句意:这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。

10.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe(

)valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

问题1选项

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常,极其”;B选项excessively“过度地”;C选项extensively“广大地,广泛地”;D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable(很重要的,宝贵的)可知A选项最为恰当,表示“非常有价值”。句意:你的建议对他非常有价值,因为他现在不知道该先做什么。

11.单选题

Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,(

)?

问题1选项

A.didn’tit

B.usedn’tit

C.didn’tthereuseto

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反义疑问句。Therebe句型的反义疑问句必须用there进行反问,若be动词前没有其它情态动词或助动词修饰,则反义疑问句用be动词的适当形式,如be动词前有其它情态动词或助动词修饰,则反义疑问句用该情态动词或助动词的适当形式。本题的反义疑问句部分为:usedn’tthere或didn’tthere,因此选D。句意:几年前这里曾经有过威胁,不是吗?

12.单选题

Thewastepipeisblocked;try(

)itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

问题1选项

A.flushing

B.blushing

C.brushing

D.crushing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项flush“发红,脸红,(用水)冲洗净,冲洗”;B选项blush“(因尴尬或害羞)脸红,(因某事)羞愧,尴尬”;C选项brush“(用刷子)刷净,刷亮”;D选项brush“压坏,压碎”。由Thewastepipeisblocked(污水管塞住了)可知A选项符合语义,表示用水冲洗。句意:污水管塞住了,试着用热水冲洗,或者叫水管工来做。

13.单选题

Shewasso(

)inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom.

问题1选项

A.immersed

B.obsessed

C.submerged

D.suffocated

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项通常用于beimmersedin(沉浸于,埋头于,陷入);B选项通常用于beobsessedwith(痴迷于,着迷于);C选项submerge“浸没,淹没”;D选项suffocate“(使)窒息而死,(把……)闷死”。句中的so...that表示“如此……以至于”,根据固定搭配和后面的shedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom(我走进房间时她没注意到我)可知她沉浸于工作中,以至于没注意到我进来,因此选A。句意:她如此沉浸于工作中,以至于我进屋时她都没有注意到我。

14.单选题

Barryhadanadvantageoverhismother(

)hecouldspeakFrench.

问题1选项

A.sincethat

B.inthat

C.atthat

D.sothat

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项sincethat“从那以后”;B选项inthat“因为,在于”;C选项atthat“而且,因此”;D选项sothat“以便”。根据逻辑关系可知空格后面表示的是原因,因此选B。句意:Barry比他妈妈有优势,因为他会讲法语。

15.单选题

Tom(

)betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

问题1选项

A.shallknow

B.hasknown

C.shouldn’tknow

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定结构。shouldhavedone表示“本该做某事而实际未做”,knowbetterthantodosth.表示“明白事理而不至于……”。句意:Tom本应知道不该请Dick帮忙。

16.单选题

Whileaquarterofmenwashtheircarsonceaweek,fewerthanoneinfivewomencarryoutthe(

).

问题1选项

A.attribute

B.chore

C.repast

D.jargon

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项attribute“属性,性质,特征”;B选项chore“日常事务,家务活”;C选项repast“餐,饭菜”;D选项jargon“行话,黑话,行业术语”。此处是while引导的让步状语从句,将男性一周洗一次车的人数与女性做这件事的人数相对比,因此选B。句意:四分之一的男性一周洗一次车,而不超过五分之一的女性做这个事务。

17.单选题

),amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.

问题1选项

A.Otherthingsbeingequal

B.Wereotherthingsequal

C.Tobeequaltootherthings

D.Otherthingstobeequal

【答案】A

【解析】考查独立主格。空格处的主语为otherthings,主句的主语不一致,故为独立主格结构,otherthings与其谓语动词是主动的关系,因此谓语动词用现在分词形式,选A。otherthingsbeingequal在句中作状语表示条件“如果其它方面都一样的话……”。句意:如果其它方面都一样的话,一个能有效表达自己的人肯定比一个语言能力差的人成功得更快。

18.单选题

Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMarshallMcLuhan’sclaimthatthemediumsimplyisthemessagehasbeenheardandlargelyforgottennow.Thequestionmatters.RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.Thebest-knownrecruitisLenDeighton,fromaslongagoas1968,thoughmostusershaveonlystartedsincethemicrocomputerboombeganin1980.

Ironicallywordprocessingisinsomewayspsychologicallymorelikewritinginroughthantyping,sinceitrestoresfluidityandprovisionallytothetext.Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences,orletsomethingstandwhichheknowstobeunsatisfactoryorincomplete,outofweariness.Inwordprocessingthetextisloosenedupwhilststillretainingtheadvantageoflookingformallyfinished.

Thishas,Ithink,twoapparentlycontradictoryeffects.Theinitialwritingcanbecomeexcessivelysloppyandcareless,intheexpectationthatitwillbecorrectedlater.Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.However,thesearefaultseasiertodetectinothersthaninoneself.MyownexperienceofthesheerdifficultyofcommittinganywordsatalltothepagemeansI’mgratefulforallthehelpIcanget.

Formostwriters,wordprocessingquiterapidlycomestofeelliketheidealmethod(andcanalwaysbeasecondstepafterdraftingonpaperifyouprefer).MostofthewritersinterviewedbyHammondsayithasimprovedtheirstyle,(“immensely”,saysDeighton).Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.

Thusitisnotjustbyfreeingyoufromthelaborofmechanicalretypingthatawordprocessorcanhelpyoutowrite.Oneauthor(TerenceFeely)claimsithasincreasedhisoutputby400%.Possiblythefeelingofhavingareactivemachine,whichappearstodothings,ratherthanjusthavethingsdonewithit,accountsforthis—yourslaveworkshardandsodoyou.

Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”,saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.Notoriouslyitispossibletoloseworkaltogetheronawordprocessor,andthishappenstoeverybodyatleastonce.Theawarenessthatwhatyouhavewrittennolongerexistsanywhereatall,isunbelievablyenragingandbaffling.

Willwordprocessinggenerallyraisethelevelofprofessionalwritingthen?Doesitmakewritersbetteraswellasmoreproductive?Thoughallusersinsistithasdonesoforthemindividually,thisishardtobelieve.Butreliancehappensfast.

1.WhatappearstobechangingrapidlyinBritainandtheUSA?

2.Typingamanuscriptintheconventionalmannermaymakeawriter(

).

3.Oneeffectofusingawordprocessormaybethattheongoingrevisionofatext

).

4.Itisclaimedherethatwordprocessorscreate

).

5.Asfaraslearningtouseawordprocessorisconcerned,theauthorofthepassagefeelsthatHammond(

).

问题1选项

A.Thestylewritersareemploying.

B.Thewaynewwritersarebeingrecruited.

C.Themediumauthorsareusing.

D.Themessageauthorsareputtingforward.

问题2选项

A.havealotofsecondthoughts

B.becomeovercriticalofhisorherwork

C.makemoremistakes

D.takefewrisks

问题3选项

A.isdonewithtoolittleattention

B.producesasloppyeffect

C.failstoproduceafluentstyle

D.doesnotencourageonetopickupmistakes

问题4选项

A.afeelingofdistancebetweenawriterandhisorherwork

B.theillusionthatyouaretheservantofthemachine

C.asensationofpower

D.areluctanceintheauthortoexpresshimselforherself

问题5选项

A.isunderstatingtheproblem

B.exaggeratesonedrawback

C.istooskepticalabouttheadvantage

D.overestimatesthedangeroflosingtext

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.(RayHammond在他的优秀指南《作家和文字处理者》中预测,到1985年底,英国和美国超过一半的专业作家将使用文字处理器)可知C选项“作家使用的工具”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词typing定位到文章第二段中,由Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences(打字最害怕的是要涂改、删减和增加,或者如果他有任何实质性的想法,就会重新做整件事,这会使作者始终选择更安全的句子表达)可知用传统的方式打字会使作者不愿冒险大胆写作而选择安全的表达,因此D选项“不冒风险”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词revisionofatext定位到文章第三段中,由Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.(然而,这种至关重要的第一灵感总是不容易被重新获得的,因此,从另一方面来说,写作可能会变得过于深思熟虑,缺乏流动性和自发性,因为修订成为作品的一大部分)可知C选项“无法产生流畅的风格”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.(在屏幕上看到你自己的文字,会让你感到冷静和超然)可知A选项“作家与作品之间的距离感”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”,saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.(“没有缺点吗?学习使用文字处理器花费了很多时间学习,预计会损失几周的工作”,Hammond说,尽管几天可能会更准确些)可知B选项“夸大一个缺点”符合题意。

19.单选题

Wheninhisrebelliousyears,thatiswhenhewassixteenoreighteen,FrankAnderson(

)goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

问题1选项

A.tookto

B.tookon

C.tookup

D.tookin

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项taketo“(尤指短时间接触后)喜欢上,喜爱,养成(做……)的习惯”;B选项takeon“承担,接受,呈现”;C选项takeup“占用,开始从事”;D选项takein“接受,吸收,收留,欺骗”。此句是描写FrankAnderson叛逆期的行为习惯,因此选A。句意:在他叛逆的岁月里,也就是他十六或十八岁的时候,弗兰克•安德森喜欢和一群奇怪的人在一起,而且在外面待得很晚。

20.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe(

)valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit’send.

问题1选项

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常,极其”;B选项excessively“过度地”;C选项extensively“广大地,广泛地”;D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable(很重要的,宝贵的)可知A选项符合语境。句意:你的建议对他来说是非常宝贵的,因为他现在束手无策。

21.单选题

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so(

)athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

问题1选项

A.shrewd

B.foxy

C.considerate

D.adroit

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项shrewd“精明的,敏锐的”,指有头脑,善于判断分析,精明过人;B选项foxy“狡猾的”;C选项considerate“考虑周到的,体贴的”;D选项adroit“(尤指待人接物)精明的,干练的,机敏的”。根据空格处前后句意,可知空格处与tactless(得罪人的,不圆通的)表示的意思相反,因此选D。句意:本杰明•富兰克林,年轻时并不圆滑,后来变得很有外交手腕,善于与人打交道,因此被任命为美国驻法国大使。

22.单选题

Justasyoudonotwishothersto(

)theirdesiresuponyou,youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife.

问题1选项

A.inflict

B.dispute

C.ridicule

D.antedate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inflict“把……强加给,使承受,遭受”;B选项dispute“辩论,争论”;C选项ridicule“嘲笑,奚落”;D选项antedate“预期,预料,居先”。由后面的“youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife(你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向)”可知A选项与其意思对应。句意:就像你不希望别人把意愿强加在你身上,你必须让他们自由地遵循他们自己的生活方向。

23.单选题

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto(

).

3.Severalsummiteersarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshow

).

4.TheattitudeoftheNepaligovernmenttowardthecircusatmosphereis

).

5.AnanniversarycelebrationofthefirstconquestofEverestwascancelleddueto(

).

问题1选项

A.Watchingtheweather.

B.Makingafinaldash.

C.Psychologicaladjustment.

D.Groupmanagement.

问题2选项

A.badgeographicalconditions

B.carelessnessoftheclimbers

C.overcrowding

D.snowstorms

问题3选项

A.theircourage

B.theirdiversity

C.theirgreatachievements

D.theircommonmotivation

问题4选项

A.indifferent

B.welcoming

C.worried

D.concerned

问题5选项

A.overcrowding

B.politicalreasons

C.thereturningoftheclimbers

D.thelackofcrowd-controlmeasure

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词importanttoclimbers定位到文章第一段中,由第一段第一句CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather(人群控制很快就会成为珠穆朗玛峰登山者的一项关键技能,与身体素质和观察天气一样重要)可知身体素质与观察天气对登山者很重要,因此选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词accidents定位至文章第二段中,由第一段第一二句MoretraditionalmountaineerssneeratthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.(近年来,越来越多的传统登山者嘲笑珠穆朗玛峰周围的气氛,并警告说,人群正在使珠穆朗玛峰变得更加危险。过度拥挤已经造成了损失)可知C选项“过度拥挤”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.(传统主义者也担心探险队越来越倾向于创造记录并取得“第一”,而不是简单地爬山)可推测后面所举的Severalsummiteers例子是为了说明他们的动机,因此选D。

4.观点态度题。“thecircusatmosphere(马戏团气氛)”暗指“人群拥挤”。根据题干关键词Nepali定位到文章最后一段中,由NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.(尼泊尔将珠穆朗玛峰视为摇钱树;政府对探险的收费最低为7万美元。这可能就是加德满都官员忽视了过度拥挤的担忧,并谈论明年将有更多登山者到来的原因)可知尼泊尔政府将珠穆朗玛峰当作赚钱的工具,对人群过度拥挤的问题视而不见,因此A选项“漠不关心的”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据题干关键词thefirstconquestofEverest定位到文章最后一段中,由Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes(但SirEdmundHillary和SherpaTenzingNorgay举行的第一次征服珠穆朗玛峰48周年纪念活动,在暴力袭击后被取消)和TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.(混乱的尼泊尔政治,似乎只是珠穆朗玛峰需要的人群控制措施)可知取消的原因是violentstrikes,结合本文一直提及的“人群拥挤”问题,可推测violentstrikes指的是“过度拥挤”,因此选A。

24.单选题

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis(

).

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

).

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

).

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

).

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin(

).

问题1选项

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

问题2选项

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

问题3选项

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

问题4选项

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

问题5选项

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening(这些视觉错觉之所以出现,是因为大脑不断地将身体的信号与现实情况相匹配,并解释即将发生的事情)可知C选项“在大脑中解释即将发生的事情”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors(在理想条件下,每个视锥都能“看到”整个彩虹光谱的可见色)可知选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.(视杆和视锥沿着视觉神经以平均20到25次的脉冲传递信息)可知D选项“沿视觉神经”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.(我们看到一个图像的时间比它实际出现的时间要长一秒。在电影中,静止的图像以每秒24帧的速度投射到屏幕上,使我们的眼睛误以为看到的是一幅连续不断运动的画面)可知A选项“我们看到的图像通常比实际显示的要长”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了视网膜中的视杆和视锥细胞,视杆细胞主要负责夜视,视锥细胞主要负责颜色,因此B选项“告诉我们眼睛器官的不同功能”符合题意。

25.单选题

Heavysmokersaretwentytimesmorelikelytobe(

)bylungcancerthannon-smokers.

问题1选项

A.gripped

B.stricken

C.attacked

D.ravaged

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grip“紧握,抓牢”;B选项strike“击打,碰撞”,指灾难或疾病的爆发;C选项attack“攻击,进攻”,指暴力性的袭击或者战争的攻击;D选项ravage“毁坏”。由lungcancer(肺癌)可知选B符合逻辑搭配。句意:烟瘾大的人患肺癌的几率是不吸烟者的20倍。

26.单选题

)excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

问题1选项

A.Theoretically

B.Presumably

C.Incredibly

D.Practically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项theoretically“理论地,理论上”;B选项presumably“据推测,很可能,大概”;C选项incredibly“极其,难以置信地”;D选项practically“实际上,几乎,差不多”。由ashasbeenproved(如已证实的那样)可知前面的内容应该是一种猜测比较符合逻辑,即证实推测。句意:据推测,过度食用油炸食品会造成严重后果,这已被证实。

27.单选题

Wethink(

)possibleforthemtofulfilltheirtaskinafewweeks.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式宾语。本句真正的宾语为不定式引导的tofulfilltheirtaskinafewweeks,think表示“认为,以为”是及物动词,常用于“think+it(形式宾语)+形容词或名词(宾补)+不定式/动名词/从句(直接宾语)”结构中,因此选A。句意:我们认为他们有可能在几周内完成他们的任务。

28.单选题

Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational(

)areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.

问题1选项

A.requirement

B.dominance

C.prerequisite

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“所需的东西,必要条件”;B选项dominance“支配,控制”;C选项prerequisite“先决条件,前提”;D选项priority“优先事项,首要事情,优先”。由Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational_______areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.(大多数国家强调消除暴力,特别是家庭暴力,作为国家犯罪预防政策的______领域)可知D选项符合语境。句意:大多数国家强调消除暴力,特别是家庭暴力,作为国家犯罪预防政策的优先领域。

29.单选题

Incourt,theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent,sayingthathehadbeen(

).

问题1选项

A.betrayed

B.deceived

C.framed

D.defrauded

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项betray“背叛,出卖,泄露”;B选项deceive“欺诈,欺骗”;C选项frame“诬陷,陷害,拟定”;D选项defraud“骗取,诈取(……的钱财)”。由theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent(被告声称他是无辜的)可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意:在法庭上,被告声称他是无辜的,说他是被陷害的。

30.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Physics,aswellaspuremathematics,hassuppliedmaterialforthephilosophyoflogicalanalysis.Thishasoccurredespeciallythroughthetheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics(量子力学).Whatisimportanttothephilosopherinthetheoryofrelativityisthesubstitutionofspace-timeforspaceandtime.Commonsensethinksofthephysicalworldascomposedof“things”whichpersistthroughacertainperiodoftimeandmoveinspace.Philosophyandphysicsdevelopedthenotionof“thing”intothatof“materialsubstance,”andthoughtofmaterialsubstanceasconsistingofparticles,eachverysmall,andeachpersistingthroughoutalltime.Einsteinsubstitutedevents(事素)forparticles;eacheventhadtoeachotherarelationcalled“interval,”whichcouldbeanalyzedinvariouswaysintoatimeelementandaspace-element.Thechoicebetweenthesevariouswayswasarbitrary(任意的),andnooneofthemwastheoreticallypreferabletoanyother.

【答案】物理学和纯数学为逻辑分析哲学提供了材料。这一点尤其是通过相对论和量子力学体现出来。在相对论中,对哲学家来说,重要的是用时空代替时间和空间。常识认为物质世界是由“东西”组成的,这些“东西”在一定时间内持续存在,并在空间中运动。哲学和物理学把“东西”的概念发展成“物质实体”的概念,并把物质实体看作是由粒子组成的,每个粒子都很小,而且每个粒子始终存在。爱因斯坦用事素代替粒子;每个事素与其他事素之间都有一种叫作“间隔”的关系,可以用不同的方式把这种关系分析成一个时间元素和一个空间元素。在这些不同的方法之间的选择是任意的,理论上没有哪一种方法比任何其他方法更可取。

31.单选题

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityo

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