(课标)2018版高考英语大一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课时作业新人教版必修

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.阅读理解[2017·四川绵阳诊疗]Evenafterhisdeath，Mitchellcomforttohiswifeandyoungdaughteroncertaindates.

WhisenhunthasfoundawaytosurpriseandbringwithsomelettersdesignatedtobeopenedMitchelllosthisbattlewithMarfansyndrome(马方综合征)at26.Theraregeneticdisorderaffectsthebody'sconnectivetissue，whichisusedtoholdtogetherorgans，cellsandtissue.AshleyWhisenhunt,22，caredforherhusbanduntilhisdeathbutsaidshewasastonishedwhenshediscoveredthe30lettersheleftforher，their18-month-olddaughterBrynleighandthecommunity.Thelittlegirlwillgrowupwithalettereveryyearfromhersecondto18thbirthdayfromamanshedidn'tgettospendmuchtimewithbutwholeftnodoubtthathelovedherunconditionally.“Throughhistestimony，thereissomuchsheisgoingtolearn，”AshleytoldABCNews.OneletterwasalsoaddressedtotheirLongview，Texas，community，thankingthemfortheirsupport.“Itjustblowsmymind，”Ashleysaidofherhusband'ssecretgesture.“Hethoughtabouteverybodyelseinsteadofhimself.”Ashleysaidshewouldrespectherhusband'swishesandopeneachletterasheplanned，however，therewasonespecialsurpriseleftforherthatshesaidhitherthehardest.InaspiralnotebookthatAshleyusedbeforeshedroppedoutofcollegetocareforherhusband，hewrotealettertoheraskingthatshepublishabookofpoetryhehadwritten.MitchellWhisenhuntevenplannedhisownfuneral，andthefuneraldirectorsaidhecouldn'ttellAshleybecauseitwasMitchell'splanandsecret.Ashleysaidshecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhatothersurprisesherhusbandhadinstore.“Thereareoneswestilldon'tknowabout，”shesaid.1．HowmanyletterswillAshleyWhisenhuntreceivefromherhusband?A．30.B．22.C．12.D．13.2．Theunderlinedword“ones”inthelastparagraphrefersto________.A．books

B．poemsC．notebooks

D．surprises3．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．LovefromHeavenB．FightAgainstDiseasesC．RespectforFatherD．SecretsinStore答案：[解题导语

]本文表达了

Mitchell

在患马方综合征死后，仍给他的妻子和女儿以欣喜和宽慰。他生前给她们写了一些信，并且指定在特定的日子翻开。1．C解析：细节理解题。依据第三段的“shediscoveredthe30lettersheleftforher，their18-month-olddaughterBrynleighandthecommunity”和第四段的“Thelittlegirlwillgrowupwithalettereveryyearfromhersecondto18thbirthday”以及第六段的“OneletterwasalsoaddressedtotheirLongview，Texas，community”可知，他一共写了30封信，其中给女儿17封，社区l封，故给妻子应是12封，选C项。2．D解析：词义猜想题。依据上文的“Ashleysaidshecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhatothersurprisesherhusbandhadinstore.”可知，她不由得想知道丈夫还有什么其他的欣喜，故ones应表示欣喜，选D项。3．A解析：标题判断题。依据第一段可知，Mitchell在他死后用信的方式给家人以宽慰，因此选A项“来自天堂的爱”。Ⅱ.完形填空[2017·河南郑州展望]Ialwayswalktomyhusband'sofficeafterwork，waitforhimandthenwedrivehometogethereveryday.Oneday，whileIwaswaitingforhim，abeautifulCadillac(凯迪拉克轿车)__1__nearme.Iwasbusy__2__thecarwhenInoticedthedriver.__3__，shewasprobablythemost__4__womanIhadeverseenoutsideofamoviescreen.Hereyeswereasblueasthesea，andshehadteethlikepearls.Minuteslater，amanwalkedoverandtheydroveoff.Sittingthere，dressedinjeansandaT-shirt，Iwantedto__5__.“Whyisitso__6__thatsomepeoplehaveitall？”Ithought.ThenextweekIsawheragain，andafterthatitalmostbecamemy__7__toseeher.Iwould__8__ifsheandherhusbandateoutalotandwheretheywent.IwantedhertogetoutofthecarsothatIcouldseeherin__9__length.Afewweekslater，thisquestionwas__10__forme.Iwaswaitingatmyusualspotandthelady'shusbandcameovertotheircar.Heopenedthedoor.Theprettywoman__11__walkedaroundtothepassengerside—leaningonawalkingcane.She__12__onelegwithherhandsandthentheother.Shehadanartificiallimb(假肢)onherleftlegandabraceonherrightone.Astheydroveaway，Ibegantocry.Whenmyhusbandarrived，Itoldhimaboutwhathad__13__.Hesaidthatheknewherhusbandandthat，whentheladywastwelveyearsold，shehadbeen__14__inacarthatgotstuckontherailroadtracks.Unfortunately，bothherparentswerekilled.Therailcompanymadealarge__15__withherbecausethecrossinghadno__16__.That's__17__sheownssuchanicecarnow.ForweeksIhave__18__thiswomanandherwayoflife，butnowIrealizehow__19__Iam.Whenyoumeetapersonwhoseemstobemuchbetteroffthanyou，don'tbefooledby__20__.1．A.droveinC．spedby2．A.cleaningC．expecting3．A.HonestlyC．Surprisingly4．A.peacefulC．beautiful5．A.cryC．escape6．A.unbearableC．unfair7．A.chanceC．regret8．A.imagineC．guess9．A.greatC．full10．A.raisedC．presented11．A.slowly

B．pulledupD．turnedawayB．takingD．admiringB．SincerelyD．ObviouslyB．typicalD．patientB．argueD．askB．unusualD．unbelievableB．wonderD．routineB．wonderD．doubtB．equalD．standardB．answeredD．checkedB．firmlyC．quickly12．A.bentC．crossed13．A.changedC．passed

D．hurriedlyB．spreadD．liftedB．happenedD．hidden14．A.discoveredC．left15．A.settlementC．promise

B．protectedD．trappedB．exchangeD．arrangement16．A.stopsC．signals17．A.whyC．because18．A.respected

B．noticesD．lightsB．whenD．whereB．observedC．accepted19．A.boringC．lucky20．A.collectionsC．backgrounds

D．enviedB．matureD．confidentB．appearancesD．descriptions答案：[解题导语]“我”在等丈夫一同开车回家时，看到了一位开着豪车的漂亮女士，“我”特别忌妒她。今后得悉，这位女士在十二岁时受到车祸，

失去双亲，自己也因此残疾，铁路企业补偿了她大笔部署费。“我”才意识到自己是多么好运。1．B解析：依据该句中的“abeautifulCadillac(能够判断，一辆凯迪拉克轿车停在“我”身旁。pull

凯迪拉克轿车)__1__nearme”up“停车”，符合语境。drivein“驶进”，speedby

“飞逝”，

turnaway

“拒绝”，都与语境不符。2．D

解析：依据上句中的“abeautiful

Cadillac(

凯迪拉克轿车

)”，可知，“我”忙于欣赏此车。

admire

“欣赏”，符合语境。clean

“清理”，take

“拿”，expect

“预期”，都与语境不符。3．A

解析：依据下句“Her

eyeswereasblueasthesea，andshehadteeth

likepearls”可知，这位女驾驶员明眸皓齿；据此能够判断，确实她可能是“我”看到的电影银幕外最美的女子。honestly“真的，确实”，符合语境。sincerely“诚挚地”，surprisingly“惊人地”，obviously“显然”，都与语境不符。4．C解析：拜会上题解析。beautiful“漂亮的”，符合语境。peaceful“和平的”，typical“典型的”，patient“有耐心的”，都与语境不符。5．A

解析：依据下句中的“

Whyisitso__

6__thatsomepeoplehaveitall

”可知，“我”敬羡这位驾驶凯迪拉克轿车的女士；联合该句中的“

dressedinjeansandaT-shirt

”能够判断，“我”穿着平常，“我”想哭。

cry

“呜咽”，符合语境。

argue

“争论”，escape“逃离”，ask“咨询”，都与语境不符。6．C解析：依据语境可知，“我”穿着平常，而那位驾驶凯迪拉克轿车的女士则明眸皓齿。据此能够判断，“我”感觉不公正。unfair“不公正的”，符合语境。unbearable“无法忍受的”，unusual“不平常的”，unbelievable“难以相信的”，都与语境不符。7．D解析：依据该句中的“ThenextweekIsawheragain”可知，第二周“我”又见到了她；据此能够判断，“我”经常有到她，routine“常例”，符合语境，故D项正确；chance“机会”，wonder“奇景”，regret“遗憾”，都与语境不符。8．B解析：依据该句中的if从句能够判断，“我”想知道她和她的丈夫能否经常在外面吃饭并且去哪里吃。wonder“想知道”，符合语境。imagine“想象”，guess“猜想”，doubt“思疑”，都与语境不符。9．C解析：依据该句中的“length”表达的语境能够判断，“我”想要她走出轿车，看看她的整个身高。full“完好的”，符合语境。great“伟大的”，equal“等同的”，standard“标准的”，都与语境不符。10．B解析：依据该句中的“question”可知，“我”有了这一问题的答案。answer“回答”，符合语境。raise“举起”，present“展现”，check“检查”，都与语境不符。11．A解析：依据该段最后一句“Shehadanartificiallimb(假肢)onherleftlegandabraceonherrightone”可知，她装着假肢；据此能够判断，她行走迟缓。slowly“迟缓地”，符合语境。firmly“坚定地”，quickly“迅速地”，hurriedly“急促地”，都与语境不符。12．D解析：依据下句“Shehadanartificiallimb(假肢)onherleftlegandabraceonherrightone”可知，她装着假肢；据此能够判断，她用双手抬起腿。lift“抬起”，符合语境。bend“波折”，spread“流传”，cross“穿过”，都与语境不符。13．B解析：依据前文对“我”所看到的事实的描绘能够判断，当“我”的丈夫到来时，“我”将所发生的事情告诉了他。happen“发生”，符合语境。change“改变”，pass“经过”，hide“掩盖”，都与语境不符。14．D解析：依据该句中的“inacarthatgotstuckontherailroadtracks”能够判断，在这位女士十二岁的那一年，她被困在一辆坠入铁轨的轿车里。trap“困住”，符合语境。discover“发现”，protect“保护”，leave“走开”，都与语境不符。15．A解析：依据上句的“bothherparentswerekilled”可知，在事故中，她的父亲母亲双亡；据此能够判断，铁路企业给她一大笔部署费。settlement“(解决纷争的)协议”，符合语境。exchange“互换”，promise“许诺”，arrangement“安排”，都与语境不符。16．C解析：依据语境可知，铁道交叉处没有信号灯致使了事故的发生。signal“指示灯，信号灯”，符合语境。stop“车站”，notice“通知”，light“灯”，都与语境不符。17．A解析：那就是为什么(why)她现在拥有一辆这样漂亮的车。18．D解析：依据第二段可知，“我”所见到的这位女士开着豪车并且长得漂亮，而“我”则穿着平平，据此能够判断，“我”忌妒她。envy“忌妒”，符合语境。respect“尊敬”，observe“察看”，accept“接受”，都与语境不符。19．C解析：依据前文可知，这位女士在事故中失去双亲，也因此残疾，据此能够判断，“我”意识到自己是多么的好运。lucky“好运的”，符合语境。boring“讨厌的”，mature“成熟的”，confident“自信的”，都与语境不符。20．B解析：依据语境可知，当你碰到一位看起来比你好得多的人时，不要被其表面欺诈。appearance“表面”，符合语境。collection“收集物”，background“背景”，description“描绘”，都与语境不符。Ⅲ.语法填空[2017·河南八市重点中学质检]Styrofoamisplastic1.________abadreputation.Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasing(释放)dangerouspollutantsintotheair.TheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency2.________(say)itisthefifthlargestcreatorofdangerouswaste.ScientistsfromtheU．S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.Studyco-authorsaysthatin24hours，theplastic3.________(turn)intocarbondioxide.Arethewormshurtby4.________(eat)plastic？ThestudyfoundthatwormseatingStyrofoamwereas5.________(health)aswormseatingbran(糠)．Styrofoamisalightweightmaterial，about95percentair，withverygoodinsulationproperties(绝缘性)，accordingtoisusedinproductsfrom6.________(cup)thatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterials7.________protectitemsduringshipping.“Solving8.________problemofplasticpollutionisimportant.Landfillspaceisbecominglimited，”saysWu，aStanfordUniversityenvironmentalengineeringinstructor.About33milliontonsofplasticarethrownawayintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Plasticplates，cupsandcontainerstake9.________25percentto30percentofspaceinAmerica'slandfills.OneStyrofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyears10.________(recycle)inalandfill，accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.答案：[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。1．with解析：察看介词。withabadreputation表示“有坏声誉”。2．says解析：察看动词时态和主谓一致。文章时态以一般现在时为主，且主语为单数名词，故填says。3．isturned解析：察看动词时态、