2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Ifshe（

）herefforts,shewillsucceed.

问题1选项

A.goeson

B.retains

C.holdsinto

D.maintains

【答案】D

【解析】同义词辨析题。A选项goon“继续”，后面需接介词with；B选项retain“保持，保留”；C选项holdinto无此搭配；D选项maintain“维持，继续”。句意：如果她继续努力，她会成功的。选项D更符合语境。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

确定目的后，原告必须考虑在什么法院起诉最能实现其目的。他必须在联邦法院起诉?在州法院?或两者可选其一?若在州法院，在哪一州?若在联邦法院，该在全国86个辖区中的哪个区？在此存在许多考量，有些过于技术的我们便不在本文中论及。然而，并非所有案件的原告都会面临选择难题。如上所述，有些案件只能在联邦法院提起，且事实上只能在一所特定的联邦法院.。

【答案】Aftermakinghisdecision,theplaintiffmustconsiderhowtoselectadequatecourttosue,e.g.thefederalcourt,stateoneorthosearethetwoalternatives.Ifgoingtothestatecourt,heneedthinkaboutchoosingwhich;orthefederalcourt,hehastochooseadistrictfromnational’s86jurisdictions.Becausetherearemanyfactorstobeestimated,itisnotconvenientforustodiscusssomeknowhowsherein.Butnotallplaintiffsshouldbefacedwiththedilemma.Asstated,atypeofcasemaybeheardonlyinthefederalcourt,andinfactonlyinaspecialone.

3.单选题

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.

问题1选项

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项inhonorof“为庆祝”；B选项inaccordancewith“依照，与…一致”；C选项incontrastwith“与…形成对比”；D选项inagreementwith“同意，与…一致”。句意：这篇文章的开头和结尾是对两篇新闻报道的描述，每一篇都有一个主要观点与另一篇形成对比。选项C符合语境。

4.翻译题

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名称)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由处理权)todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.

Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.

Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—

targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.

【答案】在战争模式适用的情况下，行政机构主导决定谁生谁死。尽管如此，奥康纳法官在哈姆迪案件中声称，反恐战争并没有给行政机构自由处理权，让他们以安全的名义随心所欲地行事。如果人们接受这一前提，那么问题就变成了如何在不过度阻碍行政权力的前提下控制其战争权力。根据马修斯风格的方法，要确定正当程序是否需要对有目标的杀戮(ARA)进行特定的程序控制，应该:(a)确定程序可能保护的合法利益范围;(b)评估采用这一程序实际能在多大程度上保护这些利益;(c)权衡这些边际利益与程序可能造成的其他合法利益的损害。

对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以提高目标选择的准确性，减少错误或非法毁坏生命、肢体和财产的危险。反复检查目标决策的独立法官可能会发现错误，并导致行政官员一开始就避免制造这些错误。

从更广泛的意义上讲，对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以服务于所有人的利益，不管是目标人群和还是非目标人群，它可以阻止行政部门行使不负责任的秘密权力来进行杀戮。如果可能的话，我们应该避免这样一个世界：中央情报局或其他行政官员拥有令人难以置信的权力，以可能永远不会结束的影子战争的名义来决定谁生谁死。每个人对于反对暴政都有明显的兴趣。

5.单选题

Whenbusinessis（

）thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.depressed

C.reduced

D.lessened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项degrade“贬低，降低”；B选项depress“压抑，使沮丧，使萧条”；C选项reduce“减少，降低”；D选项lessen“减少，减轻”。句意：当商业萧条的时候，失业率通常会明显上升。选项B更符合逻辑。

6.单选题

Despitetheirgoodservice;mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof（

）standards.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项equivalent“相等的”；B选项alike“相似的”；C选项uniform“统一的”；D选项likely“可能的”。句意：尽管他们的服务好；但相对于同等标准的旅馆来说，大多数旅馆都更便宜。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

问题1选项

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项disposal“处理”；B选项dissolution“分解，溶解”；C选项disposition“性情，倾向”；D选项disappearance“消失”。句意：他们必须处理的问题之一是塑料容器的处理。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Asbusinessincreased,theManagingDirectorhadtolearnto（

）work.

问题1选项

A.shun

B.define

C.delay

D.delegate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项shun“避开”；B选项define“定义”；C选项delay“延迟”；D选项delegate“授权，委托”。句意：随着业务的增加，总经理不得不学会委派工作。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpollution（

）aseriousthreattothecontinuedexistenceofsomespecieslivingonearth.

问题1选项

A.poses

B.imposes

C.provokes

D.evokes

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项pose“造成，摆姿势”；B选项impose“强加”；C选项provoke“驱使，激怒”；D选项evoke“引起，唤起”。句意：毫无疑问，污染对地球上某些物种的继续生存造成了严重的威胁。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

问题1选项

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项experiment“达到，实现”；B选项expertise“要求”；C选项witness“获得，学到”；D选项cleverness“询问”。句意：人们最需要的精神产品将是实用的智慧，而不是小聪明。选项D更符合语境。

11.单选题

Withthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,aninternationalmediumofexchangeisrequired.Fromthelate1800suntilWorldWarI,mostcountriesoperatedonthegoldstandard.Goldcoinsofstandardspecificationscirculatedfreelybetweencountries,makinggoldineffectaninternationalcurrency.Thissystemprovidedanautomaticcorrectionforsometradeimbalances,butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade),anditwasvulnerablytoshort-termchangesinthegoldsupply.

Afterthefinancialstabilityofthe1930s，theinternationalmonetarysystemwasre-builtfollowingWorldWarIIonthegold-exchangestandard.ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice($35anounceuntil1968).TheInternationalMonetaryFund,akeyinstitutionsetupunderthissystem,makesinternationalloanswithcapitalsubscribedbyitsmembers,whichincludemostnoncommuniststates.Votingrightsareproportionaltotheamountssubscribed.TheIMFhasbeenable,throughitsloans,tostabilizefluctuatingcurrenciesandtoinfluencetheinternalfinancialpoliciesofrecipientcountries,afrequentlycriticizedpractice.

Thesuccessofthegoldexchangestandard,however,dependedonthesuperiorpositionoftheUSinworldtrade.Inthe1960s,continualbalancepaymentsdeficitsloweredUSgoldreservesandfatallyunderminedthesystem.In1968atwo-tieredsystemwasadopted.Governmentbanksmaintainedafixedgoldprice,whilenonegovernmentalbuyerstradedfreely.Simultaneously,non-dollarspecialdrawingrightwereassignedtoIMFmembersinproportiontotheircontributions.Butthesechangesdidn’trelievethestrainontheUSdollar.In1971PresidentRichardNixonannouncedthatdollarswouldnolongerautomaticallybeexchangedforgold,andsincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.

1.SinceWorldWarIItheinternationalmonetarysystemhasshownanoveralltrendtoward（

）.

2.Thereasonwhythegoldstandardhadlimitedliquidityisprobablebecause

（

）.

3.Thegold-exchangestandarddiffersfromthegoldstandardinthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.greatercentralizecontrolofworldtrade.

B.tryingthevalueofworldcurrenciesratherthanthevalueofgoldsupply

C.increasinglystablecurrencies

D.substitutingseveraldifferentmonetarystandardsforasingleunifiedstandard

问题2选项

A.themoneysupplycouldnotincreasefasterthanthetrade

B.themoneysupplyvariedindependentlyofthegoldsupply

C.itwasimpossibletoconvertthecurrencyofonecountryintothatofanother

D.anation’scurrencycouldnotbefreelyconvertedintogold

问题3选项

A.itdoesnotestablishagenerallyacceptedinternationalmediumofexchange

B.itestablishesnorelationshipbetweenthevalueofagivencurrencyandthevalueofgold

C.therelationshipitestablishesbetweenthevalueofanycurrencyandwhateverthevalueofgoldisindirectratherthandirect.

D.itisatwo-tieredratherthanasingle-tieredsystem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，原文第一段讲了金本位制下黄金作为国际货币的不足之处；第二段提到国际货币体系取代黄金作为国际货币交换的媒介；再根据第三段最后一句“sincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.从那时起，就没有单一的国际货币标准。”也就是说出现了多种货币体系来代替统一的标准，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade).但它几乎没有流动性(货币供应不能像扩大贸易所需要的那样迅速扩张)。”由此可知，选项A符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据第二段第二句“ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice.大多数国家货币的价值与美元挂钩是固定的，外汇储备以美元形式保存，这些美元将在黄金需求时以固定价格兑换。”由此可知，金汇兑本位制区别于金本位制是由于它在任何货币价值和黄金价值之间所建立的关系不是直接的，而是间接的。所以选项C符合原文。

12.单选题

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedtojournalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontexts,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltestsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewingotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinthepositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsimilarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybyTelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral,（

）.

3.MostoftheWesternersmaynothavebeeninterviewedbythemassmedia

（

）.

4.Itismostlikelythatthepassageispartof（

）.

问题1选项

A.Personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews.

B.Conceptsandjournalisticinterviews.

C.Priorityshouldbegivetothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing.

D.Contextualimplicationsandgeneralprinciplesshouldbethemainconcern.

问题2选项

A.andthetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened.

B.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

C.sothestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention

D.sotherehasbeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

问题3选项

A.andtheydon'thopetohavethechancetobeinterviewed.

B.andtheywouldliketohaveatrueunderstandingofit

C.thoughmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit.

D.thoughtheyarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview.

问题4选项

A.anewsarticle

B.apreface

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.aresearchreport

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者首先提出关于采访的重要性和重点的书籍都是强调的如何做采谈，而不是采访的概念及其系统的研究，最后作者提出“新闻和其他领域一样，可以从系统的专业实践学习到很多东西。”也就是说，对新闻采访的系统研究应放在首位。所以选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的三四句“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.不幸的是，这些关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访。”选项B符合原文，所以正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容“First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinthepositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.首先，现代西方社会的大多数人似乎比其他任何形式的采访都更熟悉新闻采访，至少是以一种积极的方式。”选项D符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后一句“Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.即便如此，如本书所述，要真正理解新闻采访，尤其是电视采访，需要深思熟虑的分析甚至研究。”由此可以推断，这篇文章是前言的一部分。选项B正确。

13.单选题

China’sresumingexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongandMacaois（

）ofChineseprosperity.

问题1选项

A.indulgent

B.indifferent

C.indignant

D.indicative

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项indulgent“放纵的，宽容的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的，中立的”；C选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；D选项indicative“象征的”。句意：中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权，象征着中国繁荣昌盛。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

问题1选项

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析题。A选项pure“纯粹的”；B选项right“正确的”；C选项sheer“完全，彻底”；D选项clean“干净的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘记她的生日了。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

问题1选项

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

问题1选项

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗?选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

问题1选项

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

问题2选项

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

问题3选项

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnssleeping

问题4选项

A.bemoreawareofdanger

B.makenoiseatthewrongtimes

C.failtogrowproperly

D.beabletocatchmorefood

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.脑电图显示，我们和所有的灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他的哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。由此可知，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.在睡梦中，动物被强有力地固定住，对外界刺激毫无反应。”所以选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“whalesanddolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.或许关于睡眠原始功能的一个有力暗示发现了“海豚、鲸鱼和水生哺乳动物似乎总是睡得很少”这一事实。选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数二三句“Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.”那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安静的动物，在危险的时刻，会被睡眠这一无法缓和的武器固定住。这一点对于幼小的食肉动物来说似乎特别明显。也就是说，幼小的食肉动物在危险时刻无法保持安静，即在不恰当的时机发出声音，所以选项B符合原文。

18.单选题

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

问题1选项

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项decrease“减少，降低”；B选项minimize“最小化”；C选项limit“限制”；D选项eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：为了消除被盗的风险，安装一个好的报警系统。选项D符合句意。

19.单选题

Theplaneisaformoftransportationwhose（

）wetakeforgranted.

问题1选项

A.convenience

B.construction

C.satisfaction

D.insurance

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项convenience“便利”；B选项construction“建设”；C选项satisfaction“满足”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：飞机是一种我们认为理所当然便利的交通工具。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

Geneticallymodifiedcropsareeverywhere.ItseemseveninEurope,strictlawsdesignedtokeeptheEuropeanUnionfreeofGMcropsarenotworking,insteadareposingproblemsfortheEU:Farmers’srepresentativessaythatsuppliesofanimalfeedforpoultryandpigsarebeingrefusedentryatEuropeanportswhenfoundtocontaineventraceamountsofGMmaterial.

UnderEurope’s“zero-tolerance”lawsonGM,introducedin2007,thepresenceofevenafewseedsofGMmaterialwillruleoutanentireshipment.TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.”saysPekkaPesonen,secretarygeneralofCopa-Cogeca,afederationofgroupsrepresenting15millionEUfarmersintotal.HeclaimsthatEuropeanpigandpoultryfarmerswillgooutofbusinessunlesstheEUadoptsamorepracticalcheckingapproachbysettingastandard―say0.5percent—beneathwhichGMistolerated.Pesonensayssuch“tolerances”operateforotherpollution,includingpesticidesandheavymetals.SowhynotforGMmaterial,muchofwhichhasbeenclearedforhumanconsumptionelsewhereintheworld?

Lastyear200,000tonsofconventionalanimalfeed―mainlysoyandcom―wererefusedentrytotheEUwhentheywerefoundtocontainsmallamountsofGMcomvarieties.ThenflaxfromCanadawasfoundtocontaintracesofaGMvarietynamedCDCTriffidthatwaswithdrawnfromcommercialsalein2001.Followingaprohibitiononflaxmorethan100shipmentswererejected,buttradeisslowlyresuming.Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.

Priceswillbehigherstillthisyear,saysPesonen.owingtonaturaldisasterinSouthAmericaandagrowingmarketforAmericanfarmerssellingcropstoAsia,whichacceptsmixedshipments.IncreasingnumbersofGMcropvarietiesareontheway.Atpresent,around30varietiesaregrownaroundtheworld,blitthatispredictedtodoubletwiceby2015.makingscreeningmoredifficultthanever.

AfurtherconflictarisesbecausealltheEuropeanofficialsareduetobereplacedinFebruary.Aspokeswomanforthehealthcommission,whichintroducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops,saysthatintensivediscussiononfeedimportshavealreadytakenplace.“Oncethenewcommissionisestablished,itwillhavetoconsiderhowtoproceedonthismatter.”shesays.

1.EuropeanlawsagainstGMproducts（

）.

2.Takingtoday’sglobalsupplychainintoaccount,theanimalfeedindustrythinksthat

（

）.

3.WhatisEuropeanfarmers’attitudetoGMaccordingtoPekkaPesonen?

4.Aftersomeshipmentsarerefusedtobeimported,

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whydidthehealthcommissionintroducethezero-tolerancepolicy?

问题1选项

A.managetofunctionwell

B.bringtroublestofarmers

C.helpfarmersalot

D.allowfoodwithGMmaterial

问题2选项

A.GMmaterialispossibletobeprevented

B.Europeanlawsareimpractical

C.Onlytheinternationalsupplychaincanwork

D.GoodsshouldbeprohibitedonceanyGMstuffisfound

问题3选项

A.Theythinkit’sreasonableforpeopletoworryaboutGM’sinfluence.

B.Theythinkit’sunderstandabletosetanabsolutelimitonGMproducts.

C.TheywillbebrokenifEUhelpthemtolimitGMeffect.

D.Theythink0.5percentistoohighastandard.

问题4选项

A.Tradeisgoingdownalltheway

B.Peoplestillsigntradeontime

C.Goodsaregettingmoreexpensive

D.Merchantstryriskingtradingagain

问题5选项

A.BecausetheEuropeanofficialsaretobereplaced

B.Becausethepolicyistheresultoftheintensivediscussion.

C.BecauseitwantstoeliminatethedoubtsabouttheGMcrops’safety.

D.BecausethepriceofGMcropsisveryhigh.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca组织的秘书长PekkaPesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦，所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“PekkaPesonen”定位到第二段的内容“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“...introducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops...（委员会）推出零容忍政策，以满足欧洲对转基因作物安全性的普遍质疑”。选项C符合原文。

21.单选题

Thegovernmentofficialsestimatethatthewarhascreatedmorethanhalfamillion（

）whoneedimmediatefood,clothingandshelter.

问题1选项

A.exiles

B.hostages

C.survivors

D.refugees

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。

22.单选题

Workingfarawayfromhishome,hehadto（

）fromOxfordtoLondoneveryday.

问题1选项

A.commute

B.wander

C.ramble

D.motion

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项commute“通勤，往返于”；B选项wander“徘徊，漫步”；C选项ramble“闲逛”；D选项motion“运动”。句意：他在离家很远的地方工作，每天不得不往返于牛津和伦敦之间。选项A符合句意。

23.单选题

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

问题1选项

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项overlap“与…重叠”；B选项overflow“溢出，泛滥”；C选项flourish“繁荣，茂盛，茁壮成长”；D选项flutter“飘动，飞来飞去”。句意：如果你进入一个充满水的浴缸，水将会溢出到地板上。选项B符合句意。

24.单选题

Thephonehasrungsooftentodaythatitisbecomea/an（

）.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.frustration

C.distress

D.nuisance

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项interruption“中断，干扰”；B选项frustration“挫折”；C选项distress“危难，不幸”；D选项nuisance“麻烦事”。句意：今天电话响了很多次，真烦人。选项D符合句意。

25.单选题

Acoatofpaintwilldevelopsmallcracksasit（

）overtime.

问题1选项

A.peels

B.shrinks

C.hardens

D.fades

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项peel“剥落”；B选项shrink“收缩”；C选项harden“变硬”；D选项fade“褪色”。句意：一层油漆随着时间的推移会剥落，从而产生小裂缝。选项A符合语境。

26.单选题

Whethertheirfootballteamwillwinisamatterof（

）tome.

问题1选项

A.indifference

B.discrimination

C.deviation

D.interests

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心，冷淡，不重视”；B选项discrimination“歧视，差别”；C选项deviation“偏差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否会赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合句意。

27.单选题

Heisactingas（

）whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

问题1选项

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agency“代理，中介”；B选项policy“政策，方针”；C选项deputy“代理人，代表”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差期间，由他作为代理人。选项C符合句意。

28.单选题

Thebannersarepacked,theticketsbooked.Theglitterandwhiteoverallshavebeenbought.Thegasmasksjustfitandthemobilephonesareready.Allthatremainsistogettotheparties.

Thisweekwillseeafeastofpan-Europeanprotests.ItstartedonBastilleDay,lastSaturday,withtheFrenchunionsandimmigrantsonthestreetsandthefirstdemonstrationsinBritainandGermanyaboutclimate.ItwillcontinuetomorrowandThursdaywithenvironmentalandpeaceralliesagainstPresidentBush.ButthebigoneisinGenoa,onFridayandSaturday,wheretheG8leaderswillmeetbehindthelinesof18.000heavilyarmedpolice.UnlikePrague,Gothenburg,CologneorNice,GenoaisexpectedtobeEurope’sSeattle,thecomingtogetherofthedisparatestrandsofresistancetocorporateglobalization.

Neithertheprotestersnortheauthoritiesknowwhatwillhappen,butsomethingsarepredictable.Yes,therewillbeviolenceandyes,themassmediawillfocusonit.WhatshouldseriouslyconcerntheG8isnotsomuchtheviolence,thenumbersinthestreetsoreven