2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号50

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Acoatofpaintwilldevelopsmallcracksasit（

）overtime.

问题1选项

A.peels

B.shrinks

C.hardens

D.fades

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项peel“剥落”；B选项shrink“收缩”；C选项harden“变硬”；D选项fade“褪色”。句意：一层油漆随着时间的推移会剥落，从而产生小裂缝。选项A符合语境。

2.单选题

Fathergaveus（

）consenttotaketheapplesforhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.ambiguous

D.negative

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的”；D选项negative“消极的，否定的”。句意：父亲默许我们摘苹果，因为看到我们摘苹果时，他笑了。选项B更符合语境。

3.单选题

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

问题2选项

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

问题3选项

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

问题4选项

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果这种新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆虫的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米饼所含的蛋白质尽管质量较好，但对处于生存边缘的家庭所带来的利益将是有限的。”作者的重点在于强调它比其他玉米品种更容易受到昆虫的侵害，所以选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一项成功的新技术必须适应它所处的整个社会文化系统。作物产量的安全性、储藏的实用性、风味和成本都比以前新技术的倡导者所认识到的要重要得多。”选项A，B，D均有所提及，所以本题选C。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的创新，如不透明玉米、南极磷虾和黑小麦似乎更有希望，但现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早。”所以选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早”。选项A在文中没有提及；选项B太过于绝对；选项C表述过于片面，只有选项D能够全面的概括第一段的内容，所以正确。

4.单选题

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

问题1选项

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项isolated“使孤立，使分离”；B选项signed“署名，写下”；C选项implemented“实施，执行”；D选项violated“违反”。句意：这位女演员违反了合同条款，被制片人告上了法庭。选项D更符合语境。

5.单选题

Ifyou（

）yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.

问题1选项

A.conduct

B.dismiss

C.grant

D.moderate

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conduct“组织”；B选项dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理会，不予考虑”；C选项grant“授予”；D选项moderate“节制，减轻”。句意：如果你不考虑自己的需求，你将会有更多的机会获得你想要的。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpollution（

）aseriousthreattothecontinuedexistenceofsomespecieslivingonearth.

问题1选项

A.poses

B.imposes

C.provokes

D.evokes

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项pose“造成，摆姿势”；B选项impose“强加”；C选项provoke“驱使，激怒”；D选项evoke“引起，唤起”。句意：毫无疑问，污染对地球上某些物种的继续生存造成了严重的威胁。选项A符合句意。

7.翻译题

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thenextsourceoflawthathastobeconsiderediscaselaw,theeffectivecreationandrefinementoflawinthecourseofjudicialdecisions.ItshouldberememberedthattheUnitedKingdom'slawisstillacommonlawsystemandeveniflegislationisofeverincreasingimportance,thesignificanceandeffectivenessofjudicialcreativityshouldnotbediscounted.Judicialdecisionsareasourceoflawthroughtheoperationofthedoctrineofjudicialprecedents.Thisprocessdependsontheestablishedhierarchyofthecourts,andoperatesinsuchawaythatgenerallyacourtisboundbytheratiodecidendiorruleoflawimplicitinthedecisionofacourtaboveitinthehierarchyandusuallybyacourtofequalstandinginthehierarchy.Wherestatutelawdoescoveraparticularareaorwherethelawissilentgenerallyitwillbenecessaryforacourtdecidingcasesrelatingtosuchanareatodeterminewhatthelawisand,insodoing,thatcourtwillinescapablyandunarguablybecreatinglaw.Thescopeforjudicialcreativityshouldnotbeunderestimatedanditshouldberememberedthatthetaskofinterpretingtheactualmeaningoflegislationinparticularcasesalsofallsinthejudiciaryandprovidesitwithafurtherimportantareaofdiscretionaiycreativity.

Thecharacteristicterritorialunitservedbytheprosecutor’sofficeisthecounty:inafewstates,largerdistricts,composedofseveralcounties,arefound.Manycountieshavesolittlecriminalbusiness(otherthanminorviolationsprosecutedbylocalorstatepolicewithouttheaidoftheprosecutor)that,evenwhenthecivillitigationtowhichthecountyisaparty,aswellasothercountylegalwork,areaddedtotheprosecutor’sfunctions,astheycommonlyare,thepostofcountyattorneyisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattractisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattracttheestablishedlawyersofthecounty.Thepostthustendstofalltoapoliticallyactiveyounglawyerstillengagedinbuildinghispractice;anditisnotsurprisingthatheoftentendstoregarditasprimarilyashort-termmeansofprofessionalorpoliticaladvancement.Underthesecircumstances,anythinglikeacareerofficial’sapproachtotheofficeisunlikely.Thecurewouldseemtobeinplacingtheprosecutor'sofficeonadistrictinsteadofacountybasis,thedistrictbeinglargeenoughtowarrantafull-timeprosecutorwithadequatecompensationandadequatestaff.

【答案】下一个要考虑的法律来源是判例法，它是在司法判决的过程中对法律有效创新和完善。我们应该牢记，英国的法律仍然是普通法体系，所以即使立法日益重要，司法创新的意义和有效性却不容低估。司法判决成为法源，贯穿整个司法判例教义的执行过程中。这样的过程依赖于己建立的法院层级体系，而且以这样的方式运作，即通常某个法院受到隐含于这个层级体系中上级法院的判决中的判决依据和法律条文的约朿，而且也一般受到这个层级体系中同等地位的法院的约束。法院有必要，在处理涉及法令没有包含的特殊领域或法律通常没有记载的领域的案件吋，决定适用的法律并执行。这就是法院正在对法律进行创新，而这是法院无法逃避也无可争辩的职责。我们不应该低估司法创新的适用范围，且应该牢记，在特定的情况下，法律的解释任务也会落在司法机关身上，因此，我们要给予司法机关在重要领域内的自由裁量权。

检察院所管辖的特殊区域包括各州、区的县。许多县的犯罪活动较少，一些轻微违法行为，直接由当地或州警察起诉，无须检方介入。全县作为诉讼主体的民事诉讼以及其它县的法律事务波纳入检察官的职责范围之内。通常情况下，县检察官一职为兼职，所以微薄的薪水不足以留住他们。同样微薄的薪酬对现有的县级律师同样没有吸引力。因此，这一岗位易于沦为思想活跃、有政治野心的年轻律师职业生涯的奠基石。经常有年轻的律师把它看成是其专业水平提升与政治地位晋升的一种主要的短线战略手段，这一现象并不奇怪。在这样的背景之下，任何人想通过这一方式进入到政府机关都是不大可能的。改善这一现状的办法就是将人员安置在区检察院而不是县级检察院。因为区检察院的检察官是全职人员，有不错的薪酬，有足够的工作人员。

8.单选题

Youshoulddimyourlightsinordernottodazzlethe（

）traffic.

问题1选项

A.meeting

B.facing

C.advancing

D.oncoming

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项meeting“会面，会合”；B选项facing“面朝的，对面的”；C选项advancing“前进的，年长的”；D选项oncoming“接近的，迎面而来的”。句意：为了不使迎面而来的车辆眼花缭乱，你应该把灯调暗。选项D符合语境。

9.单选题

The（

）windinthisareaisfromthenortheast.

问题1选项

A.prevailing

B.controlling

C.reigning

D.persisting

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prevailing“盛行的，流行的”；B选项controlling“控制欲强的”；C选项reigning“统治的”；D选项persisting“坚持”。句意：这个地区盛行的风是东北风。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Heisactingas（

）whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

问题1选项

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agency“代理，中介”；B选项policy“政策，方针”；C选项deputy“代理人，代表”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差期间，由他作为代理人。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项decline“下降，衰退”；B选项vacancy“空缺”；C选项rarity“罕见，珍贵”；D选项shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解决国家劳动力短缺的办法并不容易。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmostofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theUSandJapanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesordirecthandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.Bushsaidthestepwasnecessaryto“promotefarmerindependenceandpreservethefarmwayoflifeforgenerations”.ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.

Agriculturalproductioninmostpoorcountriesaccountsforupto50%ofGDP,comparedtoonly3%inrichcountries.Butmostfarmersinpoorcountriesgrowjustenoughforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.ThosewhotryexportingtotheWestfindtheirgoodswhackedwithhugetariffsorcompetingagainstcheapersubsidizedgoods.In1999theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentconcludedthanforeachdollardevelopingcountriesreceiveinaidtheyloseupto$14justbecauseoftradebarriersimposedontheexportoftheirmanufacturedgoods.It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.“Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.”

AgricultureisoneofthefewareasinwhichtheThirdWorldcancompete.Landandlaborarecheap,andasfanningmethodsdevelop,newtechnologiesshouldimproveoutput.Thisisnopie-in-the-skyspeculation.ThebiggestsuccessinKenva’seconomyoverthepastdecadehasbeentheboominexportsofcutflowersandvegetablestoEurope.Butthatmayallchangein2008,whenKenyawillbeslightlytoorichtoqualifyforthe“least-developedcountry”statusthatallowsAfricanproducerstoavoidpayingstiffEuropeanimportdutiesonselectedagriculturalproducts.Withtradebarriersinplace,thehorticultureindustryinKenyawillshrivelasquicklyasdiscardedrose.Andwhileagricultureexportsremainthegreathopeforpoorcountries,reducingtradebarriersinothersectorsalsoworks:AfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,whichcutsdutiesonexportsofeverythingfromhandicraftstoshoes,hasprovedaboontoAfrica’smanufacturers.Thelesson:theThirdWorldcanprosperiftherichworldgivesitafairgo.

ThisiswhatmakesBush’sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.Poorcountrieshavelongsuspectedthattherichworldurgestradeliberalizationonlysoitcanwangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdownthreeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha.Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureandtextiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountriesthattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.

1.Bycomparison,farmers（

）receivemoregovernmentsubsidiesthanother.

2.Inadditiontotheeconomicconsiderations,thereisa（

）motivebehindBush’ssigningofthenewbill.

3.Themessagethewriterattemptstoconveythroughoutthepassageisthat（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsnewfarmsubsidiesintheU.S.is（

）.

问题1选项

A.inthedevelopingworld

B.inJapan

C.inEurope

D.inAmerica

问题2选项

A.partisan

B.social

C.financial

D.cultural

问题3选项

A.poorcountriesshouldbegivenequalopportunitiesintrade

B.“theleastdevelopedcountry”statusbenefitsagriculturalcountries

C.poorcountriesshouldremovetheirsuspicionsabouttradeliberalization

D.farmersinpoorcountriesshouldalsoreceivethebenefitofsubsidies

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.ambiguous

C.critical

D.reserved.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第三句“LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.上个月，美国总统布什签署了一项新的农业法案，将在未来10年向美国农民提供1900亿美元的资金，比原计划多出830亿美元，并将美国的农业援助提高到接近欧洲的疯狂水平。”由此可知，欧洲农民得到的政府补贴比其他国家都多，所以选项C正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句“ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.该法案还旨在帮助共和党在11月中旬的选举中赢得参议院的控制权。”由此可知，选项A“党派的”正确。

3.作者意图题。本题可采用排除法。根据第二段最后一句“It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.‘Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.’乌干达财政部长GeraldSsendwula说，发展中国家并不需要任何帮助。‘我们希望富裕国家让我们参与竞争。’”由此可知，选项A“应该给贫穷国家平等的贸易机会”符合原文；根据第三段第四句“但这一切可能在2008年发生改变，届时肯尼亚将略微富裕到没有资格获得“最不发达国家”的地位，而“最不发达国家”的地位允许非洲生产商对某些农产品免征高额的欧洲进口税。”由此可知，选项B“‘最不发达国家’的地位有利于农业国家”不符合原文；根据最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上个月的农业补贴使得美国对这些会谈的承诺以及布什个人对自由贸易的热爱成为一个谎言。”由此可知，选项C“穷国应该消除对贸易自由化的怀疑”不正确；根据第二段“1999年，联合国贸易和发展会议的结论是，发展中国家每获得1美元的援助，就会损失多达14美元，原因仅仅是对其制成品出口设置了贸易壁垒。”由此可知，贫穷国家的农民并没有得到补贴的好处，所以选项D错误。只有选项A表述是正确。

4.观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上个月的农业补贴使得美国对这些会谈的承诺以及布什个人对自由贸易的热爱成为一个谎言。”由此可知，作者的态度是批判的。选项C正确。

13.单选题

Shewasso（

）fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

问题1选项

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项grave“重大的”；B选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；C选项anxious“焦虑的”；D选项worried“担心的”。句意：她是对知识是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大学之前就自学了所有的课程。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

问题2选项

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

问题3选项

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

问题4选项

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

问题5选项

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“根据1989年首次提出的“卫生假说”，儿童在早期的生活中接触各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫，有助于儿童的免疫系统做好准备，就像感官体验对大脑进行编程一样。”由此可推断，这个“卫生假说”证明了免疫系统发展的重要性，选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.许多微生物在数百万年的时间里与人类共生进化，这就是所谓的“老朋友”理论。但是，在它们被根除的地方，人类发展的一个关键部分就被抛弃了。”选项C符合原文。

3.判断推断题。根据关键词“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘过敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各种传染病地理分布的一个镜像。’一份由法国研究人员撰写的关于卫生假说的报告称。”镜像与原像是相反的，这里是说他们的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“MichaelBell”定位到倒数第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人们应该要注意伤口的护理，因为细菌一旦进入血液就会引发问题，他还提倡勤洗手。”选项A符合原文；选项B和D不符合原文描述；选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子们在泥土里玩耍没有什么错，他们不必生活在完全卫生的环境中...”所以选项C“父母不必担心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。

15.单选题

Mrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusband’sboathadbeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.wrecked

B.collapsed

C.decayed

D.fired

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项wrecked“破坏，毁灭，船舶失事”；B选项collapsed“倒塌，崩溃”；C选项decayed“腐烂，衰退”；D选项fired“点火，激发”。句意：在她丈夫的船失事12个小时后，Lackey夫人被床边的电话铃声吵醒。选项A符合语境。

16.单选题

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

问题1选项

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项increase“增加”；B选项prolongation“延伸”；C选项expansion“阐述”；D选项growth“成长”。句意：未来的科学发现能在多大程度上延长人类的寿命?选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

问题1选项

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗?选项D符合句意。

18.单选题

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

问题1选项

A.predominant

B.premature

C.perfectible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B选项premature“不成熟的”；C选项perfectible“可完成的”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：初步的测试是为某事做准备的考试。选项D符合句意。

19.单选题

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

问题1选项

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项slender“细长的，苗条的”；B选项brittle“脆弱的”；C选项dense“稠密的”；D选项firm“坚定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨头可能容易折断。选项B符合句意。

20.单选题

Thephonehasrungsooftentodaythatitisbecomea/an（

）.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.frustration

C.distress

D.nuisance

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项interruption“中断，干扰”；B选项frustration“挫折”；C选项distress“危难，不幸”；D选项nuisance“麻烦事”。句意：今天电话响了很多次，真烦人。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

TV,radioandnewspaperareimportant（

）foradvertising.

问题1选项

A.features

B.broadcasting

C.publications

D.media

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项feature“特色，特征”；B选项broadcast“广播”；C选项publication“出版，发表”；D选项media“媒介”。句意：电视、广播和报纸是广告的重要媒介。选项D符合句意。

22.单选题

Onlya（

）personwouldbelievesuchanunlikelystoryaboutflyingsaucers.

问题1选项

A.credible

B.credulous

C.nonsensical

D.creditable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsensical“无意义的，荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事。选项B符合语境。

23.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻财产同样属于共同财产。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院驳回了原告的诉讼主张。

他对债务负主要责任。

本合同的任何改动或修正必须作为书面方能产生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

24.单选题

Mr.Chenoften（

）hisspeech.

问题1选项

A.tumbles

B.stumbles

C.rumbles

D.fumbles

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项tumble“摔倒”；B选项stumble“踌躇”；C选项rumble“隆隆作响”；D选项fumble“笨手笨脚地做；笨嘴拙舌地说话”。句意：陈先生经常在演讲的时候笨嘴拙舌地说话。选项D符合语境。

25.单选题

Shefelloffherhorseandbadly（

）herself.

问题1选项

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.injured

D.harmed

【答案】C

【解析】同义词辨析题。A选项wound“受伤”；B选项damage“损害”；C选项injure“伤害”；D选项harm“危害”。句意：她从马上摔下来，受了重伤。四个选项都有受伤的意思，但wound侧重于在战争中受伤；damage通常指对无生命物体造成的损害；injure侧重于意外事故导致的伤害；harm侧重于导致严重的后果。所以选项C更符合语境。

26.单选题

Theywereaccusedof（

）tooverthrowthegovernmentandweresentencedtojail.

问题1选项

A.intrigue

B.conspiracy

C.plot

D.sin

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项intrigue“阴谋，私通”；B选项conspiracy“阴谋，共谋”；C选项plot“情节”；D选项sin“罪恶”。句意：他们被指控共谋推翻政府，并被判入狱。conspiracy侧重于政治方面的阴谋，所以选项B更符合语境。

27.单选题

It’sour（

）thattheneweconomicpolicywillbringgreatprosperitytothiscompany.

问题1选项

A.confidence

B.conviction

C.recommendation

D.insurance

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项confidence“信心”；B选项conviction“确信”；C选项recommendation“推荐”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：我们相信新的经济政策会给公司带来巨大的繁荣。选项B符合句意。

28.单选题

Sincethecouplecouldnot（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

问题1选项

A.reconcile

B.comply

C.coincide

D.resign

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reconcile“调和，使一致”；B选comply“遵守，顺从”；C选项coincide“一致，符合”；D选项resign“辞职”。句意：由于这对夫妇无法调和他们之间的分歧，他们决定离婚。选项A符合句意。

29.单选题

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

问题1选项

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项decrease“减少，降低”；B选项minimize“最小化”；C选项limit“限制”；D选项eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：为了消除被盗的风险，安装一个好的报警系统。选项D符合句意。

30.单选题

Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项cancel“取消”；B选项abolish“废除，废止”；C选项refuse“拒绝”；D选项reject“拒绝，排斥”。句意：人类开发月球的系统已经被废除。选项B符合句意。

31.单选题

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

问题1选项

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；B选项bother“麻烦，打扰”；C选项upset“使心烦，扰乱”；D选项irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：请不要在会议室吸烟，烟熏得我眼睛难受。也就是说眼睛受到了刺激，所以选项D正确。

32.单选题

Hewasextremely（

）bytheillnessofhisdaughter.

问题1选项

A.agitated

B.exploited

C.influenced

D.dominated

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项agitate“使..不安”；B选项exploit“开发”；C选项influence“影响”；D选项dominate“控制，支配”。句意：女儿的疾病使他特别焦虑不安。选项A符合句意。

33.单选题

Despitetheirgoodservice;mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof（

）standards.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项equivalent“相等的”；B选项alike“相似的”；C选项uniform“统一的”；D选项likely“可能的”。句意：尽管他们的服务好；但相对于同等标准的旅馆来说，大多数旅馆都更便宜。选项A符合句意。

34.单选题

AlthoughItriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,Iwas（

）bythenoisefromthenextr