2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号33

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thejobofastudentaccommodationofficer（）agreatmanyvisitstolandladies.

问题1选项

A.concerns

B.offers

C.asks

D.involves

【答案】D

【解析】句意:学生宿管的工作包含多次拜访女房东。

考查动词辨析。concern涉及，关系到，使担心；offer提供，出价；ask询问，要求；involve包含，牵涉，使陷于。前面句意“学生宿管的工作”跟后面句意“多次拜访女房东”是包含关系。故选D。

2.单选题

Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.

First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneisthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.Ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.Ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.

Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe"meeting"influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare".

Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,"InsightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging",twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the"talkers"andthe"texters"—thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.

Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe"speakeasy":theheadisheldhighinaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.

Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcameraphonesintrudeonpeople'sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.

1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（）.

2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（）.

3..Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare（）.

4..Accordingtothepassage,whoisafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile?

5..Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）

问题1选项

A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand

B.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute

C.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet

D.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans

问题2选项

A.talkers

B.the"speakeasy"

C.the"spacemaker"

D.texters

问题3选项

A.quiterevealing

B.wellwritten

C.unacceptablebyothers

D.shockingtoothers

问题4选项

A.Talkers

B.The“speakeasy”

C.The“spacemaker”

D.Texters

问题5选项

A.TheSMSEffect

B.CulturalImplicationofMobileUse

C.ChangeintheUseoftheMobile

D.BodyLanguageandtheMobilePhone!

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第三段指出:Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8"，but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare(不再是‘在8点在那里见你’，而是‘在8点左右给我发短信，然后再看我们都在哪里’),因此选B“推迟到最后一分钟才确定（见面）地点”。

2.判断推理题。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's

individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他们发现移动手机的个性化和隐私，让喜欢发短信的人有能力去表达自己全新的外向性格),因此D项“喜欢发短信的人”正确。

3.判断推理题。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's

individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他们发现移动手机的个性化和隐私，让喜欢发短信的人有能力去表达自己全新的外向性格),因此选A“揭露隐情的”。

4.细节事实题。第一段指出:“Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople(但是，喜欢在私底下讲电话的人却专注于自己本身且远离其它人),故选C“喜欢在私底下讲电话的人”。

5.主旨大意题。文章的中心话题是:移动手机影响我们的文化和肢体语言。因此B项“移动手机使用带来的文化影响”比较适合做文章标题。

3.单选题

Shehasalways（）herneighborsforthepasttwentyyears.

问题1选项

A.beenfedupwith

B.beenongoodtermswith

C.gottenaroundto

D.gonealongwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在最近二十年里，她一直与自己的邻居保持着良好的关系。

语法题。考查现在完成时。由题干关键词“forthepasttwentyyears.在最近的二十年里”与“hasalways—直”可知此处表示延续状态,所以用现在完成时(hasbeen),故排除C，D。befedupwith表示“厌烦”,不是持续状态。Beongoodtermswith同某人关系好,是持续状态。故选B。

4.单选题

Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleeping—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,intheendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozing（打盹）attheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafour-duckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozinglimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

‘‘Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbymirror.Theniirroi-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,ifsonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammals（哺乳动物）asdolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.

Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbird’shalf-brainsleepis“justthetipoftheiceberg（冰山）Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause（）.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat（）.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfawakeinorderto（）.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2,lastPara),Siegelsuggeststhat（）.

问题1选项

A.birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciously

B.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

C.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds

D.half-brainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

问题2选项

A.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

B.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

C.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

D.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

问题3选项

A.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

B.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

C.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

D.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

问题4选项

A.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

D.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

问题5选项

A.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies

B.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

C.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

D.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:鸟类能有意识地控制其半脑睡眠,第一段指出:Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep—witlionebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleeping—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks(一项对睡着的鸭子的最新研究发现，实际上半睡眠状态的鸟类（即一个大脑半球保持警惕，另一个大脑半球保持睡眠）能控制大脑的哪一边保持醒着),因此A正确。B:鸟类很少在其整个大脑休息的情况下睡觉,文章并未提及。C:半脑睡眠在很多鸟类中被发现,第一段指出:Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds(更早期的研究记录了很多鸟类有半睡眠情况),但题干问的是:一项关于鸟类睡眠的新研究表明…,因此不选C项。D:以缓慢的脑电波为特点的半脑睡眠,由第—段中“Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.大脑半球轮流陷入以缓慢的脑电波为特点的睡眠状态”指D项不正确。

2.细节事实题。第五段指出:Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies(这些结果为单独的脑半球睡眠随着生物观察敌人而演化这一长期存在的猜测，提供了最佳的证据),因此C项“它们不得不戒备可能的袭击”正确。

3.判断推理题。第五段指出:Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts(他预测对在警戒一边张开眼睛的偏好可能广泛存在),Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen(镜子一边的眼睛闭着，好似映像是一个同伴，而另外的一只眼睛却保持张开),由此可知D“甚至一个想象的同伴都能给鸟一种安全感”正确。

4.细节事实题。倒数第二端指出:Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning(或许保持大脑—边醒着可让一个睡着的动物偶尔浮出水面来避免被淹死)。故选B:不时地从水中上浮来呼吸。

5.判断推理题。由题干定位至最后一段第二行:Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies(推测，当我们更近距离地观察其它物种吋，更多例子（即文中提及的半睡眠的例子）可能出现),因此选A:半脑睡眠是一个可能存在于其它物种间的现象。

5.单选题

MyniecehasbeentoSumatraandIranaswellasallofEurope;bythetimesheistwenty,she（）almosteverywhere.

问题1选项

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.willhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我侄女曾经去过苏门答腊岛、伊朗及全欧洲，等到她二十岁吋，她将几乎去过所有地方。

语法题。考查将来完成时。分析句意可知空格处应使用将来完成时:shall/willhave+过去分词,故选C。

6.单选题

We’dbetter（）ourwatchesifweallwanttobethereatthesametime.

问题1选项

A.harmonize

B.synchronize

C.symbolize

D.systematize

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我们都想在同样的吋间到达那里，那么我们最好让我们手表的时间一致。

考查动词辨析。harmonize使和谐，以和声唱；synchronize（使）同步，在吋间上一致，同速进行；symbolize象征，用符号表现；systematize使系统化，使组织化。故选B。

7.单选题

Thetwocountrieshave（）friendlyrelationsformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.retained

B.sustained

C.maintained

D.remained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这两个国家多年来保持着友好关系。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Retain持有,保留;sustain维持(生命、生存),使稳定持续,遭受;maintain维持,保持,维修;remain仍然是,保持不变,剩余,遗留,续存在。因此C符合句意。

8.单选题

）

theafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】A

【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore恢复,还原;revive复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。

9.单选题

Shedecidedto（）herstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree.

问题1选项

A.recognize

B.pursue

C.accomplish

D.ensure

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在取得她的第一个学位后,她决定继续她的学业。

考查动词辨析。recognize识别,承认;pursue继续,从事,追赶;accomplish完成,实现,达到;ensure保证,确保,使安全。因此B符合句意。

10.单选题

Wearedealingwithtwodifferentperspectivesthat（）,intersect,butdon’tseemtoyieldasynthesis.

问题1选项

A.overrun

B.overlap

C.overwork

D.overuse

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们正在处理有部分重叠、交叉却似乎不能生成综合体的两种不同的透视图。

考查动词辨析。Overrun泛滥，横行，肆虐，多用(时间、钱财等)，超时;overlap部分重叠，部分地同时发生;overwork工作过度;overuse使用……过度（或过久）。由题干中关键信息"intersect交叉”可知“部分重叠”符合。

11.单选题

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（）.

问题1选项

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在这个贫穷的国家，生存仍然是主要的事情，所有其它都是奢侈。

考查名词辨析。luxury奢侈，奢侈品，不常有的乐趣(或享受、优势)；accommodation住处，膳宿，和解；entertainment娱乐，款待，refreshment点心，起提神作用的东西，精力恢复。根据前面句意“生存仍然是主要的事情”可知A符合句意。

12.单选题

Manyyearsago,IwasinterviewingforaCIO(ChiefInformationOfficer)positionatBrownUniversity.HowardSwearer,thepresidentofBrownatthattime,askedme:“Whatisthegreatest（1）thatyouwouldbringtotheposition?”Ianswered:“Iammultilingual.”He（2）atmeforamoment,asifIhadlostmymindentirely.Iwentonto（3）thatIwascapableofeffectively（4）withfaculty,withstudents,withvendors,withtrustees,andwithotheradministrators.TheCIOneedstobeabletointeracteffectivelyandberespectedbyavarietyofaudiences.

Effectivenessofinteractionis（5）onwhetherornotanindividualcanunderstandthe（6）andproblemsbeingfacedbyaparticularuser.Thisistrueontheacademicsideofthehouse,whereoneneedstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist.Therearedifferent（7）fordatafiles,transmissionspeeds,andmanyotherITissuesthatdirectlyaffectthescholarshipofthesevaryingdisciplines.Theabilityto（8）someofthesescholarlyrequirementsis（9）tobeingviewedasapartnerintheacademicenterpriseratherthanjustassomebureaucratwhohas（10）fortheITenvironmentoncampus.

问题1选项

A.trength

B.news

C.possibility

D.change

问题2选项

A.nterviewed

B.stared

C.wondered

D.angered

问题3选项

A.nswer

B.explain

C.indicate

D.demonstrate

问题4选项

A.alking

B.speaking

C.cooperating

D.communicating

问题5选项

A.epended

B.based

C.resulted

D.taken

问题6选项

A.hocks

B.worries

C.questions

D.concerns

问题7选项

A.eeds

B.issues

C.elements

D.concerns

问题8选项

A.now

B.findout

C.lookfor

D.understand

问题9选项

A.pecial

B.inevitable

C.essential

D.required

问题10选项

A.oncerns

B.worries

C.responsibility

D.confidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

【解析】1.名词辨析。strength力量,优势;news新闻,消息;possibility可能性,可能发生的事物;change变化,找回的零钱。根据下文中的回答"Iammultilingual(我能使用多种语言)”可知A符合句意。

2.固定搭配。此处句意为:他盯了我一会儿,似乎我已完全神志不清。Stareat凝视,盯住。

3.动词辨析。此处句意为:我继续解释…。answer回答;explain说明,解释;indicate表明,指出,预示;demonstrate证明,展示。故选B。

4.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。此处句意为:首席信息官需要能与各种受众进行有效的交流且被后者尊敬。talk谈话;speak说话,演讲;cooperate合作,配合;communicate通讯,相通,交流。故选D。

5.固定搭配。此处句意为:互动的有效性建立在此基础上:一个人能否懂得特定使用者面临的……和问题。bebasedon建立在…基础上。

6.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。shock休克,震惊,震动;worry担心,烦恼;question问题,疑问,询问;concern关系,关心,担心,忧虑。And连接空格和problems(问题),因此推测D项符合句意。

7.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。need需求,要求;issue问题,发布;element元素,成分;concern关系,关心。空格前句意为:这在学院的学术方面是真实的,在这里一个人需要其懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问题。由此可知A项符合句意。

8.逻辑分析。know知道,认识,懂得;findout査明,发现;lookfor寻找,understand理解,懂得。前面句子指出:needstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist(需要懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问题),因此此处表示:理解这些学术需要的能力,因此D项符合句意。

9.短语辨析。由空格后“viewedasapartnerintheacademicenterprise被认为是学术事业上的合作者”的对应知这里指代“必不可少的能力”,beessentialtobeing是必不可少的,故选C。其他搭配为:bespecialto是…所特有的;beinevitableto是不可避免的;berequiredto被要求。

10.名词辨析。句意:理解这些学术要求的能力对于被视为学术企业的合作伙伴来说是非常重要的,而不仅仅是一些对校园IT环境负责的官僚。因此C项“责任,职责,义务”正确。

13.单选题

Studycanhelpuslookintothefutureand（）confusedthinking.

问题1选项

A.notify

B.simplify

C.clarify

D.justify

【答案】C

【解析】句意:学习能帮助我们展望未来,可以澄清混乱的思想。

考查动词辨析。Notify通知,公布;simplify使简化,使简易;clarify使更清晰易懂,阐明,澄清;justify证明…正确(或正当、有理),对…作出解释。故C符合句意。

14.单选题

Weshouldmaintainourcultural（），whichrepresentsthedeepmemoryofournation.

问题1选项

A.agency

B.tendency

C.legacy

D.fancy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们应该维护好代表我们民族最深刻记忆的文化遗产。

考查名词辨析。Agency服务机构,(尤指)代理机构;tendency偏好,性情,趋势;legacy遗产,遗赠财物,遗留;fancy想象的事物,想象(力)。故C符合句意。

15.单选题

Wemust（）thattheprocedureisfollowedasrigidlyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.issue

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们必须确保这个程序尽可能被严格遵循。

考查动词辨析。secure保护，弄到；ensure保证，确保，使安全；assure保证，担保，使确信（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心）；issue发布。因此B符合句意。

16.单选题

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830sthroughtheearly1890s.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880s,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepacking-housesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatafromthe1880sandtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeareinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880sandcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880s,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.

Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,lesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers——thegiantyardsandtheintricateplants----thanoftheunityandvibrancy(活跃)oftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunityonChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe“socialmovement”(inthelastparagraph)generatedbyChicago’sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880swereinfluencedby（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto（）.

问题1选项

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers’roleinthenationallabormovement

问题2选项

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.socialworkers

C.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

问题3选项

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.suggestthehistory’slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

问题4选项

A.theworkers’determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepacking-houses

C.theworkers’abilitytoperformtheindustry’scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880s

问题5选项

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistorydiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderminethepremisesofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要时期的事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运动的一部分)以及第三段指出:Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations(作者对肉类加工商对其工业区的感受的起源的误解，可能是历史错误概括的原因)。因此该文章主要讨论“为何有关芝加哥肉类加工业情况的叙述是错误的”。

2.细节事实题。题干问:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉类包装行业负面状况的内容，除了…。A:来自芝加哥大学的资料,第二段指出:AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(来自芝加哥大学的附加资料表明肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社会工作者,由第二段中“whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked(与此同吋，社会工作者发现大多数工人收入非常差且工作过度)”可知B正确。C:肉类加工业的近代史,第一段指出:Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦),因此C项错误。D:第二段指出:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死率),由此可知D正确。因此本题选C。

3.判断推理题。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers5effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要吋期的这个事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运动的一部分),故选D“通过指出这段历史记录未能适当地解释的一种情况表现这段历史记录的局限性”。

4.细节事实题。第三段指出:Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess（thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent）,payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched(虽然前者（即有技能的肉类加工工人）的状况因其在复杂的屠宰、切割和包装步骤中的关键重要性可能是可容忍的（尽管工人经常抱怨工作的速度和条件），但是后者的（即没有技能的肉类加工工人）的收入和状况却是无法容忍的),因此C项“这些工人去履行这个行业复杂工作的能力”正确。

5.判断推理题。第一段首先指出近代史的作者辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦。第二段说:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死亡率。来自芝加哥大学的附加资料暗示肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),由此看出第二段是对第一段内容的反驳。故选D“提出证据来反驳文中讨论的这段历史记录的论据”。

17.单选题

Theincident（）pressinterest.Reportersfromseveralnewspaperscametointerviewhim.

问题1选项

A.purchased

B.produced

C.provoked

D.processed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这个事件引起了新闻界的兴趣。数家报社的记者前来采访他。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Purchase购买,贏得;produce生产;制造;生长;provoke激怒,煽动,引起;process加工,处理;审阅,审核。故C符合句意。

18.单选题

Themenwerefullof（）becausetheythoughttheirfriendshadbeenunjustlypunished.

问题1选项

A.diagnosis

B.indigestion

C.indignation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这些人非常愤怒，因为他们认为他们的朋友受到了不公正的惩罚。

考查名词辨析。diagnosis诊断，结论；indigestion消化不良，难理解；indignation愤怒，愤慨;aggression侵略。故C符合句意。

19.单选题

Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob（）isararething.

问题1选项

A.security

B.safety

C.protectionfor

D.secureness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这场经济衰退己经意味着工作保障是罕见的事情。

考查名词辨析。security安全，保障；safety安全，保险;protection保护，防卫;secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。

20.单选题

Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter'smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这篇文章的语气反映了这位作者当时的情绪。、

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。reproduce复制，再生，生殖；reflect反映，反射；imagine想像，猜想，臆断；imitate模仿，仿造。空格处动词的宾语为thewriter'smood(作者的情绪),因此B符合句意。

21.单选题

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（）impossibletocomprehend.

问题1选项

A.hasfound

B.wasfinding

C.hadfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这位学生称自己已经发现这篇文章中的几个论点无法理解。

语法题。考查时态。题干谓语动词为一般过去时“said”,而空格处所发生的的动作在said之前,即过去的过去。因此此处应该用过去完成时。因此C正确。

22.单选题

Thedevicecan（）differentmeasurementsbyelectronicsmeans.

问题1选项

A.imitate

B.copy

C.mock

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这个设备能通过电子手段来模拟不同的尺寸。

考查动词辨析。Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的讲话、举止);copy复制,抄袭;mock愚弄,嘲弄;fake捏造,假装…的样子。故A符合句意。

23.单选题

Afterhavingdiscussedthematterwiththebankmanger,Peter（）receivedhisIoan.

问题1选项

A.instantly

B.instinctively

C.causally

D.inexpertly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在与银行经理讨论这件事后，Peter即刻就得到了贷款。

考查副词辨析。instantly立刻，立即，马上；instinctively本能地；causally随便地，偶然地，临吋地；inexpertly外行地，不熟练地。因此A符合句意。

24.单选题

ItoldmyfriendGrahamthatIoftencyclethetwomilesfrommyhousetothetowncentreblitunfortunatelythereisabighillontheroute.Hereplied,“Youmeanfortunately.”HeexplainedthatIshouldbegladoftheextraexercisethatthehillprovided.

Myattitudetothehillhasnowchanged.Iusedto(1)asIapproacheditbutnowItellmyselfthefollowing.Thishillwillexercisemyheartandlungs.Itwillhelpmetolose(2)andgetfit.ItwillmeanthatIlivelonger.Thishillismyfriend.FinallyasIwindmywayuptheincline,I(3)myselfwiththethoughtofallthosesillypeoplewhopaymoneytogotoagymandsitonstationeryexercisebicycleswhenIcangetthesamevaluefor(4).IhaveasmileofsatisfactionasIreachthetopofthehill.

Problems(5)befacedandovercome.Wecannotachieveanythingwithaneasylife.HelenKellerwasthefirstdeafandblindpersontogainauniversitydegree.Heractivismandwritingprovedinspirational.Shewrote,“(6)cannotbedevelopedineaseandquiet.Onlythroughexperience