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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.
我崇拜朝气,喜欢自由,赞美胆量大的,精力强的。一个人行为或精神上有朝气,不在蝇头小利上打算计较,不拘泥于物质攫取与人世毁誉;他能挺起脊梁,坚持走自己的路,他所学的或同我所学的完全是两样东西,他的政治思想或与我的极其相反,他的宗教信仰或与我的格格不入,那不碍事,我仍然觉得他是个朋友,这是个人。我喜欢这种人,也尊敬这种人。这种人也许粗鲁了一点,但一切伟大事业伟大作品就只有这类人才有份,他不可避免会失败,但决不会轻易放弃。
【答案】Iworshipvitalityandfreedom,andIadmirethepluckyandthestronginheart.Apersonwhoisfullofvitalityinbehaviorandspiritwouldbeneitherconcernedwithpettyprofitsnorconstrainedbythematerialprosperityandreputation.Hecanbeuprightandinsistonhisownway.Thoughwhathehaslearntistotallydifferentfromthatofmine,aswellaspoliticalthoughtsandreligiousbelief,allofthesedonotmatter.Istillconsiderhimasmyfriendandarealman.Ilikehimandalsorespecthiskindofperson.Maybetheyarealittlerude,butonlythiskindofmencanaccomplishgreatworksandcause.Inevitably,hemaybefail,buthewillnevergiveupeasily.
2.单选题
Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin______tohisincome.
问题1选项
A.comparison
B.proportion
C.association
D.calculation
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto表示“与……成比例,与……相称”。句意:他在假日和奢侈品上的开销占他收入相当大的比例。
3.单选题
Becausewewillneveragreeaboutthis,anyfurtherdiscussionis().
问题1选项
A.discernible
B.heedless
C.futile
D.reflective
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项为“可辨别的,可识别的”;B选项为“不注意的,不留心的”;C选项为“无效的,无用的”;D选项为“反射的;反映的;深思熟虑的”。根据“neveragreeaboutthis”可知,因为我们在这件事上总不能意见一致,所以可知进一步讨论是没有用。因此正确答案为C选项。
4.单选题
ThereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjobstabilityinSouthKoreathegreatmobilityintheUnitedStates.
问题1选项
A.contraryto
B.inregardto
C.incontrastto
D.withrespectto
【答案】C
【解析】短语搭配题。A选项contraryto与…相反,违反;B选项inregardto关于;C选项incontrastto与……形成对比;D选项withrespectto关于,至于。句意:与美国巨大的流动性相比,朝鲜在好工作上的稳定性有几种可能的解释。根据句意和搭配,正确答案为C项。
5.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
Shortmessageserviceisamechanismofdeliveryofshortmessagesoverthemobilenetworks.Itisastoreandforwardwayoftransmittingmessagestoandfrommobiles.Themessage(textonly)fromthesendingmobileisstoredinscentralshortmessagecenterwhichthenforwardsittothedestinationmobile.Thismeansthatinthecasethattherecipientisnotavailable;theshortmessageisstoredandcanbesentlater.Eachshortmessagecanbenolongerthan160characters.ThesecharacterscanbetextorbinaryNon-TextShortmessages.AninterestingfeatureofSMSisreturnreceipts.Thismeansthatthesender,ifwishes,cangetasmallmessagenotifyingiftheshortmessagewasdeliveredtotheintendedrecipient.
【答案】短信服务是通过移动网络来传送短消息的机制。它是一种在手机间储存和发送信息的途径。发送手机所传来的信息(纯文本)被储存于中央短消息中心,然后这个中心将它转发到目标手机。也就是说,在这种情况下,收件人收不到消息。短消息是先被储存后再被发送。每条短信可能不超过160个字符。这些字符可以是文本,或是二进制非文本消息。短信有趣的地方在于有回执。就是说,如果收件人成功收到短信,那么发件人就会收到一条提醒通知。
6.单选题
Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.
FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.
Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.
In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?
2.Taylorismostfamousfor().
3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic().
4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas().
5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor().
问题1选项
A.Greatbreakthroughs
B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower
C.Scienceandcompetition.
D.Internationalcompetition.
问题2选项
A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork
B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”
C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing
D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod
问题3选项
A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses
B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting
C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers
D.triedascientificmanagementapproach
问题4选项
A.scientificandhuman
B.efficientbutslave-driving
C.academicbutpracticable
D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful
问题5选项
A.purchasedasteelmill
B.soldasteelmill
C.startedtoprotectenvironment
D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知,科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。”而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容,要提高生产效率,那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。
2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork(但使他出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中)”可知,泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此,正确答案是A项。
3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知,英国科学家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中,成功运用了科学的管理方法,被认为是成本核算之父。因此,正确答案是D项。
4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知,泰勒强调的是人性化的方法,而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasizeAoverB表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此,泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。
5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知,泰勒于1975年去世,而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此,D项是正确答案。
7.单选题
Thetwomostimportant______inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.
问题1选项
A.elements
B.components
C.ingredients
D.constituents
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项element“元素,基础”,指一个整体中最基本、不可缺少的或固有的成分;B选项component“组成部分,成分”,指一个整体的组成部分;C选项ingredient“成分,(尤指烹饪)原料”;D选项constituent“选民,成分,构成要素”指某一整体不可少的部分或成分。根据flourandsugar可知选C。句意:做蛋糕最重要的两种原料是面粉和糖。
8.单选题
Teenagelethargyisoftenduetolackofpropernutrients.
问题1选项
A.sluggishness
B.enthusiasm
C.boredom
D.energeticness
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中lethargy表示“无精打采;昏睡;嗜眠症”。A选项为“萧条;惰性;无精打采”;B选项为“热情;热心”;C选项为“无聊;厌倦”;D选项为“积极;精力充沛”。由句意可知,青少年嗜睡常常是因为缺乏适当的营养。因此,A项符合题意。
9.单选题
Ifeelobligatedtogivemyopiniononthesubject.
问题1选项
A.required
B.forbidden
C.determined
D.encouraged
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项requiredadj.必需的,必须的;B选项forbiddenadj.不被允许的,被禁止的;C选项determinedadj.坚决的,决定的;D选项encouragedadj.怂恿的,受到鼓舞的。句意:我认为我必须对这个话题发表自己的观点。根据句意可知A选项正确。
10.单选题
“John's()wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”
问题1选项
A.jealousy
B.soreness
C.luck
D.parsimony
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.(他甚至连买个面包都很不情愿)可知,他是相当吝啬。A选项为“嫉妒”;B选项为“悲伤,痛苦”;C选项为“幸运”;D项“吝啬的,过度节俭”,因此,D项是正确答案。
11.单选题
Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.
Weknowthatmorethan850,000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.
Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobestgeneralhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.
Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsoftheirownschool.Iftherewasateacher,theyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork,withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.
Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenpatentsofferedtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.
Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbesttheycan.
Manyshort-staychild-patientscatchupquickly.Butschoolsdoverylittletoeasetheanxietyaboutfallingbehindexpressedbymanyofthechildreninterviewed.
1.Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat______.
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat______.
3.Childreninhospitalusuallyturnto______inordertocatchupwiththeirschoolwork.
4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthoris______.
问题1选项
A.everychildinhospitalreceivessometeaching
B.notenoughisknownabouthospitalteaching
C.hospitalteachingisofpoorquality
D.thespecialchildren’shospitalsareworstoff
问题2选项
A.hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilar
B.eachhospitalhasatleastoneparttimeteacher
C.allhospitalsurveyedoffereducationtochildren
D.onlyone-fourthofthehospitalshavefull-timeteachers
问题3选项
A.hospitalteachers
B.schoolmates
C.parents
D.schoolteachers
问题4选项
A.unfavorabletowardschildrenreceivingeducationinhospitals
B.infavorofthepresentstateofteachinginhospitals
C.unsatisfiedwiththepresentstateofhospitalteaching
D.satisfiedwiththeresultsofthelatestsurvey
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation(没有人知道有多少孩子能在英国的医院接受教育,更不用说教育的内容和质量了)可知B选项“对医院教学知之甚少”符合题意。
2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.(据发现,英国有一半的医院没有教师。另外四分之一的医院只有兼职教师)可推测只有四分之一的医院有全职教师,因此选D。
3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.(孩子们往往依靠相关的学校朋友来赶上学校的功课)可知选B。
4.观点态度题。本文主要介绍了医院中的存在的教学问题,比如教师的严重缺少。根据调查结果及文章最后一段中的Butschoolsdoverylittletoeasetheanxietyaboutfallingbehindexpressedbymanyofthechildreninterviewed.(但学校在缓解许多受访儿童对落后的焦虑方面收效甚微)可知作者对当前的医院教学现状是不满意的,因此选C。
12.单选题
()regulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.
问题1选项
A.Notreceived
B.Sincereceiving
C.Havingreceived
D.Nothavingreceived
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。题干中hardly常与否定搭配表示肯定,而且非谓语部分逻辑主语与句子主语一致。因此,根据句意和搭配可知,本题A项正确。句意:由于没有经过专门的护理培训,她起初很难适应工作。
13.单选题
Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.
问题1选项
A.inadequate
B.incapable
C.incompatible
D.invalid
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的,不充分的”;B选项incapable“无能力的,不能的”;C选项incompatible“不相容的”;D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意:一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。
14.单选题
TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.
问题1选项
A.initiated
B.originated
C.embarked
D.commenced
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“开始,发起”,一般指活动,团体的产生;B选项originate“起源于,来自,产生”;C选项embark“上船,装船,从事”,后面常接介词on/upon;D选项commence“开始”,指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据TheSpaceAge(太空时代)和thefirstartificialsatellite(第一颗人造卫星)可知是一件重大事件,因此选D。句意:太空时代始于1957年10月,当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。
15.单选题
Weareinaneraofinformationprocession()therearegreatopportunitiesforthosewhocanqualify.
问题1选项
A.which
B.when
C.that
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子,而且空格前的先行词为area,因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句,即空格处应该填入关系副词,相当于inanarea,故D项符合正确答案。句意:我们正处在信息队列中,有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。
16.单选题
Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.
问题1选项
A.ontheguard
B.onthewatch
C.onwatch
D.onalert
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项搭配不正确,应为onguard“站岗,警惕,提防”;B选项onthewatch“留神,守候,注意”;C选项onwatch“值班,放哨,监视”;D选项onalert“提防着,警惕着”。根据Thecustomsinspector(海关稽查员)与smugglers(走私者)可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意:海关稽查员在密切关注着走私者。
17.单选题
TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown;infact,thebakingindustryis().
问题1选项
A.adhesive
B.flourishing
C.incidental
D.accommodating
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房,所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”;B选项为“繁荣的;盛行的”;C选项为“附属的;偶然的;伴随发生的”;D选项为“乐于助人的;可通融的;随和的”。因此,B选项更符合题意。
18.单选题
Thejudgerebukedthepolicefortheirtreatmentoftheprisoner.
问题1选项
A.defended
B.reproved
C.approved
D.ratified
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项defendedv.辩护,防护,保卫;B选项reprovedv.责骂,谴责,刁难;C选项approvedv.批准,赞成,审核;D选项ratifiedv.批准,认可。根据题意法官指责了警官对待犯人的方式可知,B项符合题意。
19.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
当我们不堪重负、沮丧、失落,或因为我们认为倒霉的事总是光临我们而处于消极状态时,将这些消极的思想转变为积极的至关重要。从一件积极的小事情开始,并且一整天就一直重复想着,你将进入一个更加积极的状态,这样练下去,很快你会发现你将改变你的观点,选择快乐的生活,而不在意周围那些琐事。
【答案】Whenwearestressed,depressed,upset,orotherwiseinanegativestateofmindbecauseweperceivethat“badthings”keephappeningtous,itisimportanttoshiftthosenegativethoughtstosomethingpositive.Ifyoustartwithonesmall,positivethingandrepeatitduringthecourseofyourday,youwillbegintomoveintoamorepositivesituation.Withpractice,youwillfindthatovertime,youwillchangeyouroutlookandchoosetobehappy,irregardlessoftheeventsaroundyou.
20.单选题
Thedirectorgavemehis______thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.
问题1选项
A.warrant
B.obligation
C.assurance
D.certainty
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“许可证,授权证”;B选项obligation“责任,义务”;C选项assurance“保证,担保”;D选项certainty“确实的事,必然的事”。句意:主任向我保证,如果我把工作做好,他会给我双倍的工资。
21.单选题
ViolenceinAmericanfamiliestakesmanyforms.Oneprevalentformthatweoftenoverlookisthephysicalpunishmentofchildren.Perhaps93%ofallparentsbeattheirchildreninordertodisciplinethem.Youngchildrenreceivethemostpunishments,butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.Punishmentofchildrenvariesformalighttaptobrutalbeating,buthistoricallywehavegrantedparentstherighttousephysicalforceagainsttheirchildren.Alawpassedin1696,forexample.Calledforthedeathpenaltyof“sufficientunderstanding”overtheageof16whocursedorstruckaparentwhowas“stubbornandrebellious”inrefusingtoobeyaparent.Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouplesconstitutingacross-sectionofAmericanfamilies,sociologistsestimateparentskick,punch,orbitesome1.7millionchildrenayear,beat460,000to750,000more,andattack46,000withgunsorknives.
Physicalpunishmentofchildrenthatresultsininjuriesrequiringmedicaltreatmentisnowgenerallyconsideredtobeabusive.Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.AccordingtoDavidGil,“inmostaccidentsofchildabusethecaretakersinvolvedare‘normal’individualsexercisingtheirrightofdiscipliningachildwhosebehaviortheyfoundinneedofcorrection.”Ifoneadultweretostrikeanother,mostpeoplewouldregardsuchbehaviorasabusive.
Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence—whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,abusiveparentsarethemselveslikelytohavebeenabusedwhentheywerechildren.Thepatternofabuseisunwittinglytranslatedfromparenttochildandthusfromgenerationtogeneration.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?
2.Theitalicizedword“it”inlineofthesecondparagraphrefersto().
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?
4.Thenumberofthechildrenbeingthreatenedbybeatingis().
5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardphysicalpunishmentbyparents?
问题1选项
A.PunishmentwasoncejustifiedinAmericanlaw
B.MostoftheparentshaveusedphysicalpunishmenttodisciplinedisobedientchildreninAmerica.
C.Highschoolstudentsrarelyreceivepunishmentfromtheirparents
D.ChildabuseisrootedinAmericanculture.
问题2选项
A.physicalpunishment
B.theculturalapproval
C.theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment
D.injuriesrequiringmedicaltreatment
问题3选项
A.Physicalpunishmentishelpfulforparentstocorrectchildren'sindecentbehavior
B.Parentswhousephysicalpunishmenttodisciplinetheirchildrenshouldbepunishedbythelaw.
C.Achildwhoisseverelypunishedwillrevengetheabuseonhisownchildinlaterlife.
D.Parentswhopunishchildrenphysicallyactuallysetbadexampleofaggressionfortheirchildren.
问题4选项
A.atleast2,143peryear.
B.atmost750,000peryear.
C.over46,000peryear
D.about17,000,000peryear
问题5选项
A.disagreeing
B.supporting
C.understanding
D.severelycritical
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段“...butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.”可知,研究表明,大约50%的高中生声称遭受体罚或者受到体罚的威胁。因此,C项“髙中生很少遭受父母的体罚”表述错误,其它选项都可在原文中找到出处。故本题答案为C项。
2.词汇题。将it定位到原文第二段Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.中分析可知,然而大部分人没有意识到,正是因为“普通”体罚的经常使用以及它所享有的文化认可,才会为虐待孩子打下基础。根据句子结构可知,it指代的是theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment。因此,正确答案是C项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence----whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.”可知,大多数父母采取体罚,是认为体罚会控制孩子的攻击行为并使孩子听话,但事实上,无论是言语还是肢体暴力,都会给孩子建立不好的榜样。那些大喊大叫或者打孩子的成年人会不自觉地为孩子提供侵略性(攻击性)的模板。研究发现,经常因为孩子的攻击性行为而体罚孩子,反而会激化孩子的攻击行为。因此可判断A项错误,D项正确。原文中并未体现B项“应该受到法律惩罚”这一观点;也未说明受过虐待的父母会在晚年会报复虐待自己的孩子,他们只是会不自觉地影响到下一代的教育方式,故排除C。因此,本题正确答案为D项。
4.细节事实题。由原文第—段“Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouples...beat460,000to750,000more,...”可知,受到殴打威胁的孩子数量是在460,000到750,000以上。因此,B项“至多每年750,000”与原文不符,正确答案应为C项“每年超过46,000”。
5.观点态度题。本文主要讲述了父母体罚孩子的普遍性。如今体罚已被视为虐待。体罚不仅给孩子树立了坏榜样,而且会加剧孩子的攻击性。在儿童时期被体罚虐待的父母在教育下一代时也很可能会虐待孩子。由此可知,整篇文章对于体罚持否定态度,排除B和C。而从文章整体来看,作者对于体罚的态度不仅是不认同更具有批判性。因此,D项“严厉地批判”更为符合作者的态度。
22.单选题
Itwasimportantforanylecturertogettheaudience______rightatthebeginningandthengraduallyincreasethepressure.
问题1选项
A.related
B.concerned
C.involved
D.mixed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“联系,叙述,讲述”;B选项concern“涉及,关系到”;C选项involve“包含,牵涉,(使)参加”;D选项mix“混合”。根据lecture与audience可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意:对于任何一个演讲者来说,让听众一开始就参与进来是很重要的。然后逐渐增加压力。
23.单选题
Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.
问题1选项
A.snatchup
B.summonup
C.catchon
D.watchout
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatchup“夺取,猛然抓住”;B选项summonup“鼓起(勇气),使出(力气),唤起”;C选项catchon“理解,明白,变得流行”;D选项watchout“当心,注意”。根据askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推测前面指他没听明白我说的话,因此选C。句意:John说他没有太明白,要我重复我下我所说的话。
24.单选题
Diamondshavelittle______valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.
问题1选项
A.extinct
B.permanent
C.surplus
D.intrinsic
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extinct“灭绝的”;B选项permanent“永恒的,不变的”;C选项surplus“过剩的”;D选项intrinsic“固有的,内在的,本质的”。根据theirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity可知D选项符合语义。句意:钻石几乎没有内在价值,其价格几乎完全取决于其稀缺性。
25.单选题
Doctorsusuallytrytothegravityofillnessifapatientisfoundtohavecancer.
问题1选项
A.specialize
B.illuminate
C.elevate
D.minimize
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specializev.专门从事,详细说明;B选项illuminatev.阐明,说明;C选项elevatev.提升,举起,振奋;D选项minimizev.最小化,使减到最小。根据句意可知,如果病人查出得了癌症,医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此,正确答案为D项。
26.单选题
Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped______inChicagoandNewYorkCity.
问题1选项
A.homogeneously
B.simultaneously
C.spontaneously
D.harmoniously
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项homogeneously“同质地,同类地”;B选项simultaneously“同时地”;C选项spontaneously“自发地,自然地”;D选项harmoniously“和谐地”。根据ChicagoandNewYorkCity可推测在过去的十年时间里,高楼大厦应是同时在这两个城市耸立,因此选B。句意:在过去的十年里,芝加哥和纽约的高楼大楼同时耸立起来。
27.单选题
Thedoghas()itsaffectiontoitsnewmasterinChina’sindustries.
问题1选项
A.transferred
B.transformed
C.transported
D.transmitted
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项transferredv.转移,转让,调动;B选项transformedv.转化,变换;C选项transportedv.运输,搬运;D选项transmittedv.传输,传送,遗传。根据动词宾语itsaffection可知,A项符合语义和搭配。因此,A项为正确选项。句意:小狗己经将自己的情感转移给了它的新主人。
28.单选题
Herdairywasfulloftheinsignificant,happydailythathadmadeupherlife.
问题1选项
A.pursuits
B.trifles
C.trivial
D.premise
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项pursuitsn.追求;B选项triflesn.琐事,鸡毛蒜皮的;C选项trivialadj.不重要的,琐碎的;D选项premisen.假定,前提。根据句意可知,她的日记中记载着许多微不足道却又快乐的生活琐事。因此,正确答案为B项。
29.单选题
Rhetoricis().
问题1选项
A.theabilitytoliewithoutrevealingitwithbodylanguage.
B.atechniqueusedtospeakfaster.
C.theskillofusinglanguagepersuasively
D.theabilitytointerpretcomplexlogicalproblems
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。Rhetoric指“修辞,修辞学;华丽辞藻”。A选项表示“是一种不会因为肢体语言暴露(目的)的说谎能力”;B选项表示“是一种加快说话方式的技巧”;C选项为“令人信服地运用语言的技巧”;D选项为“解释复杂逻辑关系的能力”。修辞是指运用语言技巧,努力提高语言表达和接受效果的活动。因此,C项最符合题意。
30.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.
Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.
【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦,虽满是痛楚,但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物,当其永逝,方才幡然大悟。
青春的逝去令人百般不舍,目睹其渐行渐远,难免触目伤怀,悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现,时光倒流,却也无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。
31.单选题
Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.
问题1选项
A.hindrance
B.misfortune
C.catastrophe
D.threat
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrancen.障碍,妨碍;Bmisfortunen.不幸,灾祸,灾难;C选项catastrophen.大灾难,灾祸;D选项threaten.威胁,恐吓。句意:人口的增长是对地球上非人类生物生存的威胁。根据句意可知D项正确。
32.单选题
ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.
问题1选项
A.incident
B.accident
C.thing
D.matter
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项incidentn.事件,事变,插曲;B选项accidentn.事故,意外;C选项thingn.事情,东西,情况;D选项mattern.物质,原因。句意:酒吧里那件令人尴尬的事让他们非常失望,这为英国人的好客树立了一个不好的典范。因此,正确答案为A项。
33.单选题
Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.
By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.
By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace”arrangements,whichallowthemtoworkhome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.
IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide''seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000,apollfound,that,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtodagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.
Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.
Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.
80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithroughly50%now.IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,Japan,andIndia.
By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.
Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,filmclips,andflexibleindexingandsearchutilities.
Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericanprisonpopulation.
Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwea
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