2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号12

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Although,somestudentsgraduatefromhighschool,theyarevirtuallyilliterate_____writingabusinessletter.

问题1选项

A.intheeventof

B.inthelightof

C.incaseof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】短语搭配题。A选项intheeventof万一……发生；B选项inthelightof根据，按照；C选项incaseof万一，如果发生，假设；D选项intermsof关于，在……方面，就……而言。根据句意可知，尽管一些学生已经高中毕业，但他们在商务信函的写作方面几乎是一窍不通。因此，本题正确答案为D项。

2.单选题

Onthestagemanypiecesofbluesilkwerefluctuatedto（）theseawaves

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.simulate

C.stimulate

D.signify

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项simplifyv.简化，使简易；B选项simulatev.模仿，假装，冒充；C选项stimulatev.刺激，鼓舞，激发；D选项signifyv.表示，意味着。句意：在舞台上，许多舞动着的蓝丝绸模拟出了海浪的景象。根据句意，本题选择B项正确。

3.单选题

Thisisoneoftheanimalsthatcanthecoloroftheirsurroundings.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeon

D.taketo

【答案】C

【解析】词组题。A选项takeup拿起，开始从事，占据；B选项takein吸收，理解，欺骗；C选项takeon承担，呈现，具有；D选项taketo喜欢，走向，开始从事。句意：这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。因此，C项“呈现”符合题意。

4.单选题

Beforepolicecouldstopthedrink-crazeddriver,hehadcrashed______anothercarandsentsixpersonstothehospital.

问题1选项

A.out

B.against

C.into

D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。crashout表示“（因极度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡觉”；crashagainst表示“碰撞（常发出巨大的声响或造成破坏）”，against指对立；crashinto“撞上，坠毁”，into指进去；haveacrushonsb,表示“喜欢某人”，为固定搭配。根据thedrink-crazeddriver与anothercar可知C选项符合语义。句意：在警察还没来得及制止酒后驾车的司机，他就撞上了另一辆车，并使六个人送往医院。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.

Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.

【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦，虽满是痛楚，但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物，当其永逝，方才幡然大悟。

青春的逝去令人百般不舍，目睹其渐行渐远，难免触目伤怀，悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现，时光倒流，却也无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。

6.单选题

Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.

问题1选项

A.furnish

B.induce

C.facilitate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnish“布置家具，提供”；B选项induce“引诱”；C选项facilitate“促进，促使，使便利”；D选项allocate“分配，分派”。根据automaticdoors可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：超市的自动门方便购物车顾客进出。

7.单选题

Africanstudentshavemountedstrongprotestsoverthemeasure,claimingthattheyarebeingagainst.

问题1选项

A.displaced

B.discriminated

C.resented

D.disturbed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项displacedv.取代，替换；B选项discriminatedv.歧视，辨别，区别；C选项resentedv.怨恨，厌恶；D选项disturbedv.扰乱，干扰。根据句意可知非洲学生们已经针对实施方案确立了反抗提案，声称他们遭受了种族歧视。因此，正确答案为B项。

8.单选题

Theyhaveareciprocalloathingforeachother.

问题1选项

A.aslighttrusting

B.adeepmotivating

C.amutualdisgust

D.alastingfight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项aslighttrusting轻微的信任；B选项adeepmotivating深刻的激励；C选项amutualdisgust相互间厌恶；D选项alastingfight持久的斗争。根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。

9.单选题

Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.

问题1选项

A.premise

B.pretext

C.foundation

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提，假定”；B选项pretext“借口，托词”；C选项foundation“地基，基础”；D选项presentation“提交，展示”。根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。句意：从火星上有生命这一前提出发，这位科学家继续深入他的论点。

10.单选题

Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.

问题1选项

A.contrary

B.contradicting

C.controversy

D.contradictor

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contraryn.相反，反面；B选项contradictionn.矛盾，反驳；C选项controversyn.争论，论战；D选项contradictoryn.对立物，矛盾因素。根据后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知，所有参议员的意见都是一致的，没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

北京奥组委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方网站讯：2007年6月23日，在八达岭长城举办的“第四届2008北京奥林匹克文化节”开幕式上，所有观众的目光都被长城上的新标识所吸引一一在绿树环绕下，一个令所有中国人兴奋的口号映衬着的长城遒劲而古老的线体。这就是一座长67米，高18米的“同一个世界同一个梦想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奥运会会徽(Emblem)和北京奥运会主题口号大型景观建筑。在今后的两年多的时间里，每当人们抬头仰望长城巍峨的身姿就会知道，奥运和中国有着怎样的无法割舍的渊源。

【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.

13.单选题

SinceBritishsettlersfirstoccupiedthiscountry.EnglishhasbeenthelanguageintheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.practicable

B.prevalent

C.predominant

D.popular

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项practicableadj.可用的，可行得通的；B选项prevalentadj.流行的，普遍的；C选项predominantadj.主要的，卓越的，有支配力的；D选项popularadj.流行的，通俗的。根据句意可知，自从英国殖民者第一次占领这个国家开始，英语就成为了美国的主流语言。因此，正确答案为C项。

14.单选题

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

问题1选项

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

问题3选项

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

问题4选项

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

问题5选项

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.（男人在外面工作，挣的钱养家，而女人做饭，照顾家里和孩子。这些角色对大多数人来说是固定不变的，妇女没有机会交换她们的角色）可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。

2.主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。

A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。

15.单选题

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项presume“假设，认为”；C选项pretend“假装，伪装”；D选项presuppose“假设，以……为前提”。根据Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：如果没有人问任何问题，那么我认为大家都能理解。

16.单选题

Alltheyearshehasbeen______betweenoptimismanddespair.

问题1选项

A.vibrating

B.swinging

C.fluctuating

D.waving

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“(使)振动，颤动，摆动”；B选项swing“(使)摆动，摇摆”，指意见、态度或感情的摇摆；C选项fluctuate“（价格或数量）波动，涨落，起伏”；D选项wave“挥手，摆手”。根据betweenoptimismanddespair可知选B。句意：一年来她一直在乐观和绝望之间摇摆。

17.单选题

Areyouawarethatyouactuallypossesssixsenses?Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.Forexample,whenyoureachforanobject,thesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainstopyourhandatthecorrectspot.Thisautomaticperceptionofthepositionofyourmusclesinrelationtotheobjectisyourmuscularsenseinaction.

Musclesarestringybundlesoffibersvaryingfromonefive-thousandthofaninchtoaboutthreeinches.Theyhavethreeuniquecharacteristics;theycanbecomeshorterandthicker;theycanstretch;andtheycanretracttotheiroriginalpositions.Underahigh-poweredmicroscope,muscletissueisseenaslong,slendercellswithagrainytexturelikewood.

Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers,mostofwhichareinvoluntary—inotherwords,workwithoutconsciousdirection.Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularactions,numbermorethanfivehundred.Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.

1.Intelligentuseofthemusclesmeansthat（）.

2.Accordingtotheselection,morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedof（）.

3.Anaveragewomanisweakerthananaveragemanbecauseshehas（）.

4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedthat（）.

5.Accordingtotheselection,themuscularsenseisresponsiblefor（）.

问题1选项

A.onealwaysknowswhathismusclesaredoing

B.oneperformssimpleactionswithoutworking

C.one'smusclesareusedonlytotheextentnecessaryforeachactiontheyperform

D.oneimprovesmuscularactionconsciously

问题2选项

A.voluntarymuscles

B.musclefibers

C.involuntaryfibers

D.sensorynerves

问题3选项

A.morevoluntarymusclesthananaverageman

B.only60to70percentasmuchmuscleforherbodymass

C.60to70percentlessmuscleforherbodymass

D.lessmusclefiberforherbodyweight

问题4选项

A.themuscularsenseismoreimportantthananyothersenses

B.muscularsenseinvolvesautomaticperception

C.therearemanymorethan500involuntarymusclesinthebody

D.muscletissueisinflexible

问题5选项

A.theefficiencyofourmuscles

B.thenormalbreathingfunction

C.directingourmusclesintelligently

D.theworkofonlyourinvoluntarymuscles

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.可知，第六感是一种肌肉感觉，可智能地精准控制人体活动。因此，C项是正确答案。

2.细节事实题。题意：根据原文，人类身体超过一半的组织是由什么构成的？根据原文第三段第一句：Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers.可知，人体超过一半的组织是由musclefibers（肌肉纤维）构成。因此，正确答案为B项。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第三段Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.可知，女性比正常男性力气小是因为女性身体内肌肉含量仅为男性的60-70%。因此，B项为正确答案。

4.推理判断题。本文并未说明也未暗示肌肉感觉比其他感官重要，因此A选项错误。根据原文最后一段Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularaction,numbermorethanfivehundred.可知，C选项与原文意思相反，故C项错误。D选项说肌肉组织是不可弯曲的，与原文不符，故排除。因此，B选项是正确答案。

5.细节事实题。由文章第一段Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directingyourmusclesintelligently，因此，本题正确答案为C项。

18.单选题

Thecourtconsidersafinancial______tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

问题1选项

A.option

B.obsession

C.obligation

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项option“选择”；B选项obsession“痴迷，着魔，困扰”；C选项obligation“义务，责任”；D选项penalty“惩罚”。根据punishinghim可知D选项符合语义。句意：法院认为经济处罚是惩罚他的适当方式。

19.单选题

Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.

问题1选项

A.hindrance

B.misfortune

C.catastrophe

D.threat

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrancen.障碍，妨碍；Bmisfortunen.不幸，灾祸，灾难；C选项catastrophen.大灾难，灾祸；D选项threaten.威胁，恐吓。句意：人口的增长是对地球上非人类生物生存的威胁。根据句意可知D项正确。

20.单选题

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

问题1选项

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介词by；B选项conform“顺从，遵守，符合”；C选项concede“承认，允许”；D选项observe“观察”，observe表示“遵守”时，是及物动词，不与to搭配。根据thelaws可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：所有人都必须遵守本国政府制定的法律。

21.单选题

IcannevertouchlobsterbecauseI’m（）toshellfish.

e

问题1选项

A.sensitive

B.allergic

C.infected

D.sensibl

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受伤害的；B选项allergicadj.对……过敏的；C选项infectedadj.被感染的；D选项sensibleadj.明智的，明显的，通情达理的。句意：我不能接触龙虾，因为我对壳类动物过敏。根据句意，本题选择B项正确。

22.单选题

Tomajorinastrophysicsyouneedanextramathcourse.

问题1选项

A.Togethighergradesinastrophysics.

B.Tofinishyourastrophysicspaper.

C.Tospecializeinastrophysics.

D.Tobetterunderstandtheastrophysicscourse.

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。题目中majorin表示“主修；专攻”，A选项为“在天体物理学上取得更高的成就”；B选项为“完成你的天体物理学论文”；C选项为“以天体物理学为专业；专攻天体物理学”；D选项为“更好地了解天体物理学课程”。句意：要主修天体物理学，你就得再选择一个数学课。因此，正确答案是C项。

23.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

当我们不堪重负、沮丧、失落，或因为我们认为倒霉的事总是光临我们而处于消极状态时，将这些消极的思想转变为积极的至关重要。从一件积极的小事情开始，并且一整天就一直重复想着，你将进入一个更加积极的状态，这样练下去，很快你会发现你将改变你的观点，选择快乐的生活，而不在意周围那些琐事。

【答案】Whenwearestressed,depressed,upset,orotherwiseinanegativestateofmindbecauseweperceivethat“badthings”keephappeningtous,itisimportanttoshiftthosenegativethoughtstosomethingpositive.Ifyoustartwithonesmall,positivethingandrepeatitduringthecourseofyourday,youwillbegintomoveintoamorepositivesituation.Withpractice,youwillfindthatovertime,youwillchangeyouroutlookandchoosetobehappy,irregardlessoftheeventsaroundyou.

24.单选题

Alexisn’tveryfriendly;hekeepsa（）betweenhimselfandotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.barrier

B.foundation

C.frontier

D.gauge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。通过句意可知，Alex不是特别友好，他总将自己与其他人隔离开来。A选项为“障碍；分界线”；B选项为“基础”；C选项为“边界；边缘”；D选项为“尺度；测量”。因此，A项符合句意。故正确答案为A项。

25.单选题

Butforhishelp,I（）.

问题1选项

A.didnotsucceed

B.hadnotsucceeded

C.shouldnothavesucceeded

D.havenotsucceeded

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Butfor表示“要不是”，引导含蓄虚拟语气。A选项didnotsucceed过去时；B选项hadnotsucceeded过去完成时；C选项shouldnothavesucceeded表示“原本不应该成功的，但却成功了”，表示虚拟语气；D选项havenotsucceeded现在完成时，因此C项为正确选项。

26.单选题

Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.

问题1选项

A.decision

B.sentence

C.prosecution

D.mandate

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项decisionn.决心，决定；B选项sentencen.句子，命题，宣判；C选项prosecutionn.起诉，检举；D选项mandaten.授权，命令。根据句意陪审团的成员们在听取证词后宣布了判决，因此B项符合题意。

27.单选题

Hisassertionangeredme.

问题1选项

A.statement

B.question

C.success

D.mistake

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中assertion表示“主张；声称”；A选项statementn.声明；陈述；B选项problemn.问题；C选项successn.成功；D选项mistaken.错误。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正确答案是A项。

28.单选题

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

问题1选项

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句，主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（礼貌问语）您喜欢，您愿意”，是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此，排除其他选项，本题正确答案为B项。

29.单选题

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a______hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

问题1选项

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.verdict

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quarrel“争吵，吵架”，强调以发生口角和吵架等形式引起的争论；B选项suspicion“怀疑，嫌疑”；C选项verdict“裁定，裁决”；D选项controversy“(公开的)争论，辩论”，指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。根据thesafetyofnuclearenergy可知核能安全是一个重要的话题，因此选D。句意：在几次核灾难之后，激起了一场关于核能安全的争论。

30.单选题

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

问题1选项

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B选项standardized“标准化的”；C选项competitive“竞争的，比赛的”；D选项generalized“普遍的，广泛的”。根据Even可知空格与varygreatly的意思相反，因此选B。句意：即使教科书通过学校系统标准化，教学方法也可能有很大的不同。

31.单选题

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D选项careful“小心地，仔细地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“当心，注意”。根据Althoughhehasbecomerich与of可知选C。句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。

32.单选题

Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.

Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.

Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.

Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.

Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.

Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.

Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.

Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.

Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.

Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.

Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?

2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?

问题1选项

A.3and7.

B.3and9.

C.7and9.

D.3and13.

问题2选项

A.legend

B.religion

C.popularbelief

D.certaincustoms

问题3选项

A.Heismildlycritical.

B.Heisstronglycritical.

C.Heisinfavorofthem.

D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.（七是另一个重要的数字，通常被认为是好运的使者）和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber（九通常被认为是一个幸运的数字）可知数字七与九代表好运，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章倒数第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.（人们普遍认为这个数字起源于耶稣最后的晚餐中有13人的事实）可知13这个数字来源于宗教，因此选B。

3.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.（但奇怪的是，出生在13号的人一点也不害怕，这恰恰说明我们迷信的观念是多么的不理智）可知作者对迷信带有点批判的态度，因此选A。

33.单选题

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

问题1选项

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

问题2选项

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

问题3选项

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

问题4选项

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

问题5选项

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitiont