二次精读-p5文章讲解植物类

★★究竟如何判断新概【Paragraph1】Transitionhighvslow-Thetransition新概念:过渡带)fromforestvegetation)totreelesstundraonamountainslopeisoftenadramaticone. ticaldistanceofjustafewtensofmeters,treesdisappear=treeless)asalife-formandarereplacedbylowshrubs,herbs,andsteppeorThis(指代逻辑)rapid(+)zoneoftransitioniscalledtheuppertimberlineortreeline.(并列逻辑)Inmanysemiarid(=littlewater)areasthereisalsoalowertimberlinewheretheforestpassesinto atitsloweredge,usuallybecause(因果逻辑词)ofalack(-)ofmoisture(否定对象).steppeorTheword“dramatic”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningWhereisthelowertimberlinementionedinparagraph1likelytobe○Inanareathathaslittle○Inanareathathaslittle○Aboveatransition○OnamountainthathasonupperWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutboththeupperandlowertimberlines?中心词transition的体现。○Botharetreelesszones.○Bothmarkforestboundaries(transition中心词的体现○Botharesurroundedbydesert○Bothsufferfromalackof【Paragraph2】Highvslow;evergreenvsTheuppertimberline(旧),like(比较逻辑)thesnowline,ishighestintheandlowestinthePolarRegions.It(指代)ranges(=high&low的体现)fromsealevelinthePolarRegions4,500举例逻辑metersintheTimberlinetreesare

subtropicsand3,500-4,500metersin(新概念),suggestingthatthesedeciduoussomeadvantageover(deciduoustheextremeenvironmentsoftheupperTherearesomeareas,however转折逻辑

(thosethatlosetheirleaves)提出特例),wheredeciduoustreesformthetimberline.Speciesofbirchbirch，因为是特例),forexample(举例逻辑),mayoccuratthetimberlineinpartsoftheHimalayas.Paragraph2supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdeciduous○Theycannotgrowincold○Theydonotexistattheupper○Theyarelesslikelythanevergreenstosurviveattheupper○Theydonotrequireas oistureasevergreensdo.【Paragraph3Deform&Heights变形程度没那么严重):中高Ridgevs.tropic-ValleyAttheuppertimberlinethetreesbegin etwistedanddeformed(念intinthemiddleandupperonwhereas(转折逻辑)inThisisparticularlytrueforattaingreaterheights(新概念)reachtheirgreaterheightsin

,whichtendtheThisisbecause(因果逻辑)middle-andupper-latitudetimberlinesarestronglyinfluencedby(因果逻辑词,接原因)thedurationanddepthofthesnowcover.As(因果逻辑词)thesnowisdeeperandlastslongerinthevalleys,treestendtogreaterexposedontheridges,eventhough(greaterexposedInthetropics,thevalleysappeartobemorefavorablebecause(因果逻辑)theyarelesspronetodryout,theyhavelessfrost,andtheyhavedeepersoils.Theword“attain”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningTheword“they”inthepassagerefersTheword“prone”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningAccordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingistrueoftreesinthemiddleandupperlatitudes?TreegrowthisnegativelyaffectedbythesnowcoverinTreegrowthisgreaterinvalleysthanonTreegrowthonridgesisnotaffectedbyhigh-velocityTreegrowthlastslongerinthoselatitudesthanitdoesinthe【Paragraph4】：(-)Explanation:Thereisstillno(-)universallyagreed-onexplanationforwhythereshouldbesuchadramaticcessationoftreegrowthattheuppertimberline.Variousenvironmentalfactorsmayplayarole.(1)Toomuchsnow,forexample举例逻辑),cansmothertrees,andavalanchesandsnowcreepcandamageordestroy(-)them.Layingsnowreduces(-)theeffectivegrowingseasontothepointwhereseedlingscannot(-)establish(2)Windvelocityalsoincreaseswithaltitudeandmaycause(因果)seriousstress(-)fortrees,as(因果)ismadeevidentbythedeformedsh sathighaltitudes.Somescientistshaveproposedthatthepresenceofincreasinglevelsof(3)ultravioletlightwithelevationmayplayarole,while(并列/转折逻辑)(4)browsingandgrazinganimalsliketheibexmaybeanothercontributingmost environmentalfactoris(5)temperature,for(因mostWhichofthesentencesbelowbestexpresstheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Becauseoftheirdeformedsh sathighaltitudes,treesarenotlikelytobeseriouslyharmedbythestrongwindstypicalofthosealtitudes.○Asaltitudeincreases,thevelocityofwindsincrease,leadingtoaseriousdecreaseinthenumberoftreesfoundathighaltitudes.○Thedeformedsh softreesathighaltitudesshow(因果逻辑词)thatwindvelocity,whichincreasewithaltitude,cancauseserioushardshipfortrees.○Increasedwindvelocityathighaltitudesdeformsthesh softrees,andthismaycauseseriousstressfortrees.Inparagraph4,whatistheauthor’smainpurpose目的题inthediscussionofthedramaticcessationoftreegrowthattheuppertimberline?○Toarguethatnoneofseveralenvironmentfactorsthatarebelievedtocontributetothatphenomenonnfactplayaroleincausingit.○Toargueinsupportofoneparticularexplanationofthatphenomenonagainstseveralcompetingexplanations○Toexplainwhytheprimaryenvironmentalfactorresponsibleforthatphenomenonhasnotyetbeenidentified 为什么没发现。notagreeon≠notyetbeenidentified○Topresentseveralenvironmentalfactorsthatmaycontributetoasatisfactoryexplanationofthatphenomenon【Paragraph5】:alpineAbovethetreelinethereisazonethatisgenerallycalledalpinetundra.Immediayadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehigherupthenumberanddiversityofsomeprostratecushionplants.Someplantscanevensurviveinfavorablemicrohabitatsabovethesnowline.Thehighestplantsintheworldoccurataround6,100metersonMakaluintheHimalayas.Atthisgreatheight,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmall【Paragraph6】LowgrowthformThemoststrikingcharacteristicoftheplantsofthealpinezoneistheirlowgrowthformThisenables(因果逻辑词themtoavoidtheworstrigorsofhighwindsandpermits(因果逻辑词)themtomakeuseofthehighertemperaturesimmediayadjacenttothegroundsurface.Inanareawherelowtemperaturesarelimitingtolife,theimportanceoftheadditionalheatnearthesurfaceiscrucial.Thelowgrowthformcsopermit(因果逻辑词)theplantstotakeadvantageoftheinsulationprovidedbyawintersnowcover.IntheequatorialmountainsthelowgrowthformislessTheword“prevalent”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningAccordingtoparagraph6,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueofplantsinthealpinezoneEXCEPT:○Becausetheyarelow,theyarelessexposedtostrong○Becausetheyarelow,thewintersnowcovergivesthemmoreprotectionfromtheextremecold.○Intheequatorialmountains,theytendtobelowerthaninmountains○Theirlowgrowthformkeepsthemclosertotheground,wherethereismoreheatthanfurtherup.Paragraph5:Abovethetreelinethereisazonethatisgenerallycalledalpine█Immediayadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehigherupthenumberanddiversityofspeciesdecreaseuntilthereismuchbaregroundwithoccasionalmossesandlichensandsomeprostratecushionplants.█Someplantscanevensurviveinfavorablemicrohabitatsabovethesnowline.Thehighestplantsintheworldoccurataround6,100metersonMakaluintheHimalayas.█Atthisgreatheight,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmallsnowdrifts.█Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Thisexplainshow,forexample,alpinecushionplantshavebeenfoundgrowingat titudeof6,180meters.WherewouldthesentencebestDirections:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpreeasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.Atthetimberline,whetherupperorlower,thereisaprofoundchangeinthegrowthoftreesandotherplants.●●●Answer○Birchisoneofthefewspeciesoftreethatcansurviveintheextremeenvironmentsoftheuppertimberline.3考试的时候是不会读到birch的。○Thereisnoagreementamongscien