初中英语语法介词用法讲解练习

词1．表示时间的介词：at,in,on,before,to,from,by,till,until,after,for,since等。2．表示地址，地址，方向的介词：next,to,in,infrontof,on,outof,at,above,over,into,near,between,under,up,across,by,down,from,around,behind,beside等3．表示原因，原因的介词：for,as,at,from等4．表示方式的介词：on,in,by,with等。常用介词辨析1．表示时间的in,on,at,afterin的用法。用于清早、下午、夜晚。Inthemorning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等。InMarch,in1986,inspring用于一段时间后。Inaweek,inayear’stime,intwohourson的用法用于详尽某一天。Onmybirthday,onthemorningofnextFriday,onJune6,onSunday,onNewYear’Days用于描述性的时间。Onacoldnight,onawinterdayat的用法用于详尽的钟点。At12o’clock,athalfnine用于固定的搭配。Atlunch,atnight,atbreakfast,atnoon,atChristmas,atweekends,atthattimeafter表示在一点时间今后。Aftertwelveo’clock2.表示的地址的in,on,atin指大地方，at是小地址，in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。in可指内部，on可指“在⋯之上”Therearesixwindowsinthewall.墙上有6扇窗子。Therearefivepicturesonthewall墙.上贴着5幅画。3.表示方向的on,over,under,above,below.1）on,over,above指上方；under,below指下方；on指物体接触。2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。Therewillbetwobridgesovertheriver.河大将有两座桥。4.between,amongBetween指两者之间,among指三者或三者以上。5.across,over,throughAcross表示从这一边到另一边的横过,over表示从空间经过,through则表示从内部空间穿过。Canyouswimacrossthelake?你能游泳过湖吗？6.with,in,byWith后跟工具,in后跟语言、资料等,by跟某种方式。Icanwritewithapen.我能用笔写。第1页共9页看似相同，但意义有其他词组。Atschool在上学Attheschool在学校Infrontof在⋯前边（外面）Inthefrontof在⋯前部（内部）Inclass在课上Intheclass在这个班Inbed在睡觉Inthebed在床上Inhospital住院Inthehospital在医院里Gotoschool去上学Gototheschool去学校用合适的介词填空Heknowseverything______________theschool.Heusuallygoesoutforawalk________lunch.Ihavelunch_________halfpasteleven.Pleaselook________theblackboard.5.Theywork____________8:00___________16:00.Whendotheygetup_________themorning?Willwego____________busor_________foot?7.Wehavelearnedalot_________you.Thecupwasbroken_________her.8)Whereareyou________?I’m____Beijing.Weareworking_________thepeople.Itistime_________breakfast.Classbegins_________nine.Wecome______________differentpartsofAmerica.Shelives________herfather.Sheoftengetsup_________halfpastsix________themorning.Westayhere_________sixmonths.Youareleaving__________Shanghai.Hewasborn____________1986.Weusuallyhavemeetings___________Saturdayafternoon.Beijingisthecapital_________china.Haveacup_____________coffeeplease.XiaoLiwasborn___________March25,1991.I.介词的种类简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without,to,by,with,of,over,behind,up,after,against等。复合介词，如,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等.第2页共9页介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。某些介词的意义与用法差异at,on,in(表时间):at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特别日子A.at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：atfiveo’clock（五点），atdaybreak（天亮），atnoon（中午）），atmidnight（半夜），atthebeginningofthemonth（月初），atthattime（那时），atthatmoment（那会儿），atthistimeofday（在一天的这个时候）。B.in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，夜晚，白天，季节，世纪等。如：in2006（2006年），inMay，2004（2004年五月），inthemorning（清早/上午），intheafternoon（下午），intheevening（夜晚），inthenight（夜晚），inthedaytime（白天），inthe21stcentury（21世纪），inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/个月），inaweek（一周），inspring（春季）。C.on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即详尽某一天极其早中、晚.onSunday（星期日），onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一个暖和的上午），onaDecembernight（12月的一个夜晚），onthatafternoon（那天下午），onthefollowingnight（下一个夜晚），onChristmasafternoon（圣诞节下午），onOctober1，1949（1949年10月1日），onNewYear’sDay.(特别提示):在last,next,this,that,some,every等词以前一律不用介词between,among(表地址)“在⋯..之间”A.between仅用于两者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的互有关系时，也可用between,如I’msittingbetweenTomandAlice.B.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.3.beside,besides,exceptbeside意为"在⋯旁边"，Hesatbesideme.besides意为"除⋯之外",包括在内。Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?except意为"除⋯之外",不包括在内TheygotoworkinaweekexceptShetree,onthetreeinthetree,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，onthetree指,果实或叶子等树自己长出来的东西5.ontheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上,onone’swayto.....bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法,inthatway,inotherway,intheseways6.bybus,onthebusbybus是一般说法,固定搭配,onthebus特指乘某一辆车across,through,和past“经过,经过”across从表面经过,如,road,bridge,river第3页共9页through从内部空间经过,如:city,woods,forests,window,gatepast,从旁边经过.EX:Fillintheblankswithacrossorthrough.Wehavetowalk____________thegatetogointothefactory.Whenwewent__________thecinema,wesawatrafficaccident.Lookout___________thewindow,please.4.Don’twalk__________theice.It’sdangerous.Suddenly,ayoungmanran__________me.Ifyouwalk_________thesquare,youwillseetheSunflowerHotel.Therivergoes______________thecity.Theoldmancanswim__________thestream.Iwalked_________himwithoutsayinghello.Thearmymoved_____________theforestsquietly.on,above,over,“在⋯上”,up,A.on指在某物表面上,有接触点abookonthetableB.over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上,与under相对aclothoverthetable,afanoverthetableC.above指在某物的上方即可,不用然是垂直上方反义词为below,Thetemperaturetodayisabovezero今.天气温零度以上.D.up表示在往上的方向反义词downlookuptothesky仰头看天空11.in,after“⋯⋯今后”A.“in段+时间”表示将来的一段时间今后,用在将来时态中.,常回答howsoon的提问.B.“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间今后,相当于一段时间+laterMymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.Hearrivedafterfivemonths.=Hearrivedfiveminuteslater.12.by,with,in,on表示方式,手段,工具，A.by以⋯⋯方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具,或跟V-ing形式.B.with表示用⋯工具,in表示用⋯方式，用⋯语言(语调、颜色)等on表示经过媒介,onthetelephone,ontheradio,onTVEg:HelearnedJapanesebylisteningtotheradio.WeChinesehavemealswithchopsticks.ThenoveliswritteninEnglish.Ex:Fillintheblankswithby,withorin,onIsentthemessagetohim_________email.Thepupilswrite_________pencils.Doyouknowthemeaningofword_______Chinese?第4页共9页Themanclimbeduptothetree_________aladder.Theysolvedtheproblem_________communicating.Thewomanwascrying________alowvoice.Theoldmanoftengetsnews______theradio..Weoftencutthings_________aknife.Heimprovedhiswritingskill________keepingdiaries.Mygrandpacansingsomesongs_______Russian.放在地址以前的介词:at,in,onA.at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在⋯⋯周边，旁边”in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在⋯范围之内”。on表示毗邻，接壤to表示在⋯⋯范围外，不重申可否接壤介词的其他一些用法.as,作为.Englishisusedasamotherlanguage.at,在⋯旁边,Theboyissittingatthedoor.but,除了.Hehasnothingbutmoney.like,象,忧如.Helookslikemybestfriend.5.till,until,直到⋯,在⋯以前.Wedidn’tgohometillfiveyesterday.6.with,有，带着。I’dlikesomecoffeewithsugar.by,在⋯.周边Theylivebyariver.短语介词:thanksto,becauseof,inspiteof,insteadof.选择最正确答案(表示时间关系的介词).1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairport______Wednesday.A.onB.atC.inD.for2.Whatdoyouusuallydo________Christmas?A.onB.atC.inD.for3.Thefirstclassbegins_______8o’clock______themorning.A.at/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/on4.________lastSaturday,wehadhadtwofootballmatcheswithClassTwo.A.ForB./C.ByD.During5.WewillbeinNanjing_____Tuesday______Thursday.A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./till6.MrBlackwillvisitournewschoolbuilding______twodays.A.beforeB.afterC.atD.in7._______theendoflastspringWangHaijoinedthearmy_______theend.A.At/atB.By/inC.In/atD.At/in8.Wewillhaveafootballmatch_____thisSaturdayafternoon..A.onB./C.inD.for9.thHecametoseeyou_____theeveningofMay10.第5页共9页D.for10.I’mafraidIgaveyoualotoftrouble________mystayhere.D.on11.Thesupermarketisopen______midnight.D./12.Daysarelonger______summerthan___________winter.A.in/inB.in/onC.from/toD.to/in19.________NewYear’sevepeopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight.D.In20.TomandPaulusuallywatchTV______weekends.D./21.Everydaytheoldmantakesthesechildrenhome_____school.D.after22.Couldyoucometomyoffice________thedayaftertomorrow.D.at23.Wehadbuiltthreebridgesovertheriver_______theendof1994.D.by24.Lifewillbebetter_____the21stcentury.D.in25.Doyouoftenworklate_____night.D.during二.选择最正确答案(表示地址运动方向的介词).1.Thereisabridge________theriver.D.next2.Therearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree.D.besides3.Myhouseis_____thetwobuildings,sowegetlittlesunshineduringtheday.D.at4.Lucyiswaiting_____No.3busstop________herfather.A.for/forB.for/atC.at/forD.at/at5.Isthereanythinginteresting________today’snewspaper?D./6.Canyoutellmewhospoke________themeeting?D.for7.Myunclelives______208SmithStreet.D.with8.Atlastwereachesthevillage______thehill.D.inthefootfrom9.Shanghaiis_______theeastofChinaandJapanis_______theeastofChina.A.to/toB.to/inC.in/toD.in/in10.________theendofthestreetyoucanfindthepostoffice.D.In第6页共9页11.Doyouoftenlisten________theprogrammes________theradio.A.to/ofB.to/inC.to/onD.on/to’tcomeinuntilyouarecalled.D.outside13.AreyougoingtoleaveGuangzhou__________Beijing?D.in14.Thereisahole_______thewall.D.towards15.Canyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZoo?D.towards.选择最正确答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)Thankyou_______yourcoming.D.for2.Hespentalongtime______themathsproblem.D.at3.MrLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon.D.at4.Howmuchdidyoupay________thisbook?D.with5.Pleasetranslatethesentence______English.D.for6.Pleasefillthebottle_______tea.D.in7.Themachinescutbigpiecesofmetal____smallpieces.D.into12.Youcanborrowthebook________yourschoollibrary.D.at13.Iprefercoffee_______tea.D.than14.Wouldyoushowme________yourfactory?D.round15.Helpyourself_______somefish.Ittastesverynice.D.to16.Theyhaven’tdecided________thedateforthenextmeeting.D.on17.Letmeintroduceher_______you.D.for18.LiLingfell_____hisbicyclethismorningD.to19.Ishouted______her,butshididn’thearme.D.for20.Tomhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents.第7页共9页D.among.选择最正确答案(注意介词的习惯用法)Canyoufindouttheanswer__________thesequestions?D.with2.__________hishelp,IpassedtheEnglishtestyesterday.D.by3.Don’tforgettobringyourtextbook______you.D.to4.Thepeoplearewaiting____thebus,andtheyatestanding____line.A.for/onB.for/inC.at/onD.at/in5.Canyousingthissong_____English?D.for6.Whoistheboy_____bluetrousers?D.at7.Hedecidedtogetsomemedicine_______hiscold.D.for8.Thebaby’ssleeping.Don’tspeak_______suchaloudvoice.D.at9.Chinaisalargecountry_______alonghistory.D.with10.Wecan’tliveevenforafewminutes______air.D.with11.Thesoldiersarestanding__________arow.D.with12.Shealwaysserveshercustomers_______asmile.D.on13.Don’tread_____thesun.It’sbad_________youreyes.A.under/ofB.in/towardsC.in/forD.under/for14.Howmanystudentsgotoschool_____foot?D.with15._______hisgreatsurprise,theexperimenthasturnedoutasuccess.D.At16.Thegirl______darkhairandbrighteyesisLiLi.D.by17.Youcancookafish______manyways.D.for18.Fangfang,hereisaletter______you.It’s________yourbrother.A.from/toB.for/toC.for/fromD.for/for3、经过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。比率剖析法和比较剖析法不能够测算出各因素的影响程度。√采用约当产量比率法，分配原资料开支与分配加工开支所用的完工率都是一致的。ＸC采用直接分配法分配辅助生产开支时，应试虑各辅助生产车间之间相互供应产品或劳务的情况。错产品的实质生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。√第8页共9页成本