Unit 1 Grammar and Usag 课件-高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册

1、Section BGrammar and UsageVocabulary 1. focus focus for/on sth.（人或事物）的中心点the focus of attention/concern 注意力关注的焦点in focus 焦点对准的，清晰的out of focus 焦点未对准的，模糊不清的focus ones attention/eyes/energy/mind on. . . 集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/思想于focus on/upon集中于练习：The coach is able to focus _ the kids while the other parents

2、are relieved to be off the hook for another season.on2. detail in detail 详细地go into detail(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明have an eye for detail 善于发现细节for further details 欲知详情detailed adj. 详细的；细致的；精细的练习：They went through all the _ (detail) of the plan again to make sure that the project would go smoothly.details3. as

3、a result ofas a result 结果；因此without result 毫无结果result from 由引起result in 导致；造成练习：_ a result of their joint effort, the difficult situation changed into a favourable one.As4. basebase. . .on. . . 以为根据/基础basic adj. 基本的，基础的basically adv. 基本上；根本上basis n. 基础（强调抽象）on the basis of基于，根据练习：The research group

4、produced two reports _ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.based5. remindremind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某物remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that 提醒某人练习：I think its always nice to have something to remind you _ the house where we lived in a foreign country.of6. stick tost

5、ick in sth 陷入，陷住；动不了stick out 伸出；探出；醒目，显眼练习：I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting stuck _ traffic jams.in Albert Einstein said, If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal. (1) I agree. Goals are important in many ways. (2) Setting goals gives you a fo

6、cus in life. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you develop good habits. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay a

7、ttention to details. (3) These habits will be helpful. Finally, (4) setting goals makes you more confident. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action. As a result of your action, your dream will come tr

8、ue and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life.Exploring the rulesSubjectVerb IagreeSubjectVerbPredictiveThese habitswill behelpfulSubjectVerbObject youwill livea happy lifeSubjectVerbIndirect objectDirect objectsetting goalsgivesyoua focusSubjectVerbObjectObject complementsetting goalsmakesyoumore

9、 confident句子成分和句子结构句子是表达思想的基本单位，一个句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。英语中的句子成分有：主语（Subject ） 、谓语（Predicate）、宾语（Object ） 、表语（Predicative ） 、定语（Attributive ） 、状语（Adverbial ） 、补足语（Complement ）和同位语（Appositive ）。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。什么是句子成分主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和从句等都可以用作主语。动名词、动词不定式和从句等作主语时

10、，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。She has a very bad headache.她头痛得很厉害。Four is the right answer.“四”是正确答案。主语（S）谓语用来表述主语的动作或状态，一般位于主语之后。谓语可由动词、动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词情态动词实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。（1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Class began.开始上课了。We study hard everyday.我们每天努力学习。谓语（V）（2）复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；由系动词加表语构成。I can s

11、peak a little English.我能说些英语。Ms. Chen is my English teacher.陈女士是我的英语老师。宾语（O）宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或从句充当。They often do homework together.他们经常一起做作业。The teacher praised him in class.老师在班里表扬了他。I need two more.我还需要两个。We enjoy helping each other.我们乐于彼此帮忙。Mary began to talk about the

12、 film.玛丽开始谈论这部电影。I hope that I can go there to study.我希望能去那里学习。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，称为双宾语，通常一个指人，另一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语（Indirect Object），指物的叫直接宾语（Direct Object）。My parents bought me a computer:父母给我买了一台电脑。He sent me a birthday gift yesterday.他昨天给我寄了一份生日礼物。表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态等，位于系动词（如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等）之

13、后，与之构成系表结构。名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句等都可用作表语。My name is Jane. 我的名字是简。The boy is only five. 男孩只有五岁。The whole class is here. 全班人都在这儿。My ideal job is to be a journalist. 我理想的工作是当一名记者。Her first delight was going to the Tower.第一件使她高兴的事是去参观这座塔。This is how the story goes. 这就是事情的经过。表语（P）定语修饰名词或代词，用来

14、说明人或事物的品质和特征。定语可由形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等充当。单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰词之后。定语（Att）He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.他是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。Excuse me, is this your bag? 打扰一下，这是你的包吗？Ive got so much teaching experience. 我获得了许多教学经验。There are five people in my family. 我

15、家有五口人。The woman outside the room is my mother. 屋外的妇女是我的妈妈。Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. 墨子创立了墨家学说。Health care is free for everyone living in Britain.每个英国居民都享有免费保健服务。It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.它含有一种强效的药物防治蚊虫叮咬。状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果

16、、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义。副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句等均可用作状语。状语（A）He always goes to bed late. 他总是睡觉很晚。There is a house between the two trees.两棵树之间有一栋房子。Seeing his mother, the boy ran towards her.男孩一看见妈妈就跑过去了。We canceled the football match because of the heavy rain.因为暴雨我们取消了足球赛。It got dark when they got back home.他

17、们到家时，天已经黑了。Ill do some shopping tomorrow. 明天我要去购物。补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语或从句均可充当补足语。They called him the prince of gymnasts.他们称他为体操王子。We found the ruins most interesting.我们发现废墟很有趣。We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.届时我们邀请您带上亲朋好友。Ive ne

18、ver heard the word used in spoken English.我从未听到这个词用在英语口语中。补足语（Complement）简单句就是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。它只有一个主谓结构。简单句有八种基本句式。其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。句子结构1. 主谓：主语+谓语（S+V)这种结构中，谓语一般由不及物动词充当。The car stopped.车停了。Mrs. Black and her children talked and laughed.布莱克夫人和她的孩子们有说有笑。2.主系表：主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P)常见的系动词

19、有：be（是），become （变成），seem （看起来），appear （显得），get （变得），grow （变得），turn （变成），remain （仍然是），come （变得），fall （变得），hold （保持），keep（保持），stand （保持），stay （保持），smell （闻起来），look （看上去），sound （听起来），taste （尝起来），feel （摸起来）Mary seems pleased.玛丽似乎很高兴。3.主谓宾：主语谓语宾语（S+V+O)这种结构中，谓语一般由及物动词充当。I like taking risks. 我喜欢冒险。The mus

20、eum has an excellent restaurant.博物馆里有一家极好的餐馆。4.主谓宾宾：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO)常见的能带双宾语的动词有：give，bring，tell，send，leave，pass，read，write，take，wish，show，offer，teach，get，award，lend，rent，buy，pay，hand，recommend等。I will lend you some books to read. 我会借几本书给你看。You gave me some good advice. 你给了我一些好建议。5.主谓宾宾补：主

21、语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，常见的能带复合宾语的动词有：elect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep， make， notice， see，let， smell，start，watch，appoint，believe，call，catch，allow，ask，cause，consider，expect，know，tell，think，want，wish等。They called him James. 他们称呼他詹姆斯。We will keep the table clean. 我们会保持桌子干净。6.主谓状：主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A）在主谓结构里，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。The old man breathed deeply. 老人呼吸急促。They are staying in the Peace Hotel.他们住在和平宾馆。7.主谓宾状：主语谓语宾语状语（S+V+O+A)We looked at the group of people in pan