专四常考语法点汇总

1、语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：隶属分句复合句=主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1隶属分句是复合句必不能少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，隶属分句能够分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、退步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。要点2状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、退步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1Nineistothree_threeistoon

2、e.(2008,53)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what2_hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.(2008,55)A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thouthmuch3Mendifferfromanimals_theycanthinkandspeak.(2008,54)A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhich4Theystoodchattingtogetheraseasilyandnatural

3、lyas_.(2008,60)A.itcouldbeB.couldbeC.itwasD.was5Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_thecoachleft.(2009，60)A.whenB.asC.untilD.than6_thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.（2010，55）A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However7Fool_Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.A.whoB.asC.likeD.

4、that8Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,_thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.(2005)A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyif9WhichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcauseA.IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity.B.Astherewasonanswer,Iwroteagain.C.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.D.Wealthyashei

5、s,Markisnotahappyman.状从句要点：（一）条件状从句：表示条件或假，平时由以下或构引：If若是unless若是不；除非aslongas只要solongas只要onconditionthat条件是intheeventthat若是，在的情况下provided/providingthat若是giventhat若是suppose/supposingthat若是assuming(that)若是say若是特提示几种不常用的条件状从句例：Intheeventthatshecannotarriveontime,wewillgofirst.Supposeitsnowed,wewouldstil

6、lgo.Saywhathesaidweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit（二）步状从句：含有“然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引有：though/although然evenif/eventhough即使nomatter+疑无疑+ever无inspiteofthefactthat尽管while尽管muchas无论尽管forallthat尽管as/thoughgranted/granting(that)然，尽管特提示几种不常用的步状从句例：Inspiteofthefactthathewasdeafanddumb,hehadageniusformusic.Whilethegrandp

7、arentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.Forallthattherewerealotofdifficulties,hefinallyenteredthefinalcompetitionandwon.Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.2.用了although或though，就必然不能够再后边的从句中同用but，但是though能够和yet用。Althoughtheywereverytired,but

8、theystillworking.(true/false)Thoughtheywereverytired,yettheystillworking.(true/false)3.nomatter+疑不能够引主从句和从句，可用疑+ever来引主从句和从句。Nomatterwhathesayshasnothingtodowithme.(true/false)Whateverhesayshasnothingtodowithme.(true/false)Theoldmanbelievesnomatterwhathissontellshim(true/false)Theoldmanbelieveswhate

9、verhissontellshim(true/false)as/though引的步状从句若是有的部分，平时将的部分置于句首。Youngashewas/Childashewas,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.Youngthoughhewas/Childthoughhewas,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.Thoughhewasyoung/Thoughhewasachild,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.注意：as引的步状从句必倒装，though引的能够倒装也能够不倒装。5.fo

10、rall(that)表示步看法，“that”能够省略，相当于“inspiteof”或“inspiteofthefactthat”,此后可接短或从句。Forallthefinewordshemaysaytoyourface,hedoesnotlikeyouatheart.Forall(that)yousay,hewillnotchangehismind.（三）状从句：表示关系，引主要有以下：表示“当的候”when,while,as,justas,nesttime,thelasttime,eachtime,everytime,whenever表示先后before,after表示“一就”Assoon

11、as,once,hardlywhen/before,scarecelywhen/before,nosoonerthan,directly,immediately,instantly,themoment/second/minute,其他Bythetime(到的候),itisthefirst/secondtime,notuntil(直到才),eversince（自从）特提示几种不常用的状从句Theywentintoactiondirectly/immediately/instantly/themomenttheyheardthealarm.几种需要用完成的状从句BythetimeIgotthere

12、,theyhadleftfortheairport.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedChina.Hehadhardlyescapedwhen/beforehewascaptured.Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.IhavebeenlivingthereallthetimesinceImovedtherein1992.否认置于句首注意倒装Hardlyhadheescapedwhenhewascapured.NosoonerhadIrea

13、chedtherethanitbegantorain.4when引状从句，若是出在后半句，能够表示“突然”之意。Iwasalmosthurtwhenthebuscametoasuddenstop.5表示先后的before可表示条件意，作“只有/必才能”Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.（四）比状从句：可分同比和不相同比，同比平时由as引，不相同比平时由than引。注意几种特别引形式：themore/lessthemore/less越，越justas,so正如，也AistoBwhat/asCistoDA之于

14、B就如C之于D一AsAistoB,(so)CistoD正如A之于B，C也之于Dno(notany)morethan与都不no(notany)lessthan与一都notsomuchas与其不如特提示几种不常用比状从句YouwereontimeandsowasI.(注意用倒装构)Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine.Asfoodisimportanttomen,sooilistomachine.Heisnomoreateacherthanweare.Heisnolessateacherthanweare.Itisnotsomuchtheactualpopulation

15、oftheworldasitsrateofincreasethatcatchesmyattention.Thesecretofsuccessisnotsomuchmoneyasastrongwill.2注意比状从句中的省略构，特别需要注意依照省略的主来的复数及。Hehaspaidmoremoneythanhasbeenestimatedbefore.（五）原因状从句主要引有：assincebecausenowthatconsidering(that)于，及到seeingthat于inas/somuchasnotbecausebutbecauseinthat因，在于特提示1几种不常用的状从句Co

16、nsideringthattheshoesarehand-made,thepriceisreasonable.Seeingthathewasreallyupset,wedecidedtoleavehimalone.Athoroughphysicalexaminationisimportantinas/somuchasitservestoreassurethepatient.Critismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpspeopletofindandcorrecttheirmistakes.2because，since，as和for的区：Beca

17、use表示原因气最，平时用来回答why引的特别疑句。Since气不如because，而as气不如since。它表达的经常是而易的原因或已人所知的原因，的经常是主句而不是原因状从句。For平时作并列，是一种解明，不表示原因。（六）方式状从句：表示以的方式as像，正如(just)asso正如，也asif忧如，忧如asthough忧如，忧如theway以的方式特提示1几种不常用的方式状从句Justaswateristofish,soairistomanTreatothersthewayyouwantotherstreatyou.(七)果状从句Sothat这样致使于Suchthat这样致使于Witht

18、heresultthat果是Somuchsothat这样致使于Tothedegreethat到了程度，Totheextentthat到了程度，致使于致使于特提示几种不常用的果状从句Alanlikeshamburgerssomuchsothatheeatsthemalmosteveryday.ThebadnewsupsetmetothedegreethatIcouldnotfallintosleeplastnight.2sothat构中的so置于句首，句子要用倒装序。Soabsorbedwasheinthenovelthathedidnotrealizeitwaseightoclockalrea

19、dy.注意果状从句与目的状从句的区。目的状从句的引，主要有that(以便),sothat(以便)；inorderthat（以便）；forthepurposethat（以便）；lest（省得）；forfearthat（以免）；incase（以防）；inthehopethat（以望）。其中lest引的目的状从句中使用虚气。Astrictsupervisionduringtheperiodiskeptlestthepatient(should)developanyphysicalandemotionaleffects.(八)地点状从句表示地点，主要由where,wherever,anywhere,e

20、verywhere来引。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Whereverhegoes,hewillbearwhathismothersaysinhismind.Everywhereheshowedusaround,wesawgrenlawnsandbeautifulflowerbeds.(九)比状从句表示比，主要由while或whereas来引。Thesolesareleather,whiletheuppersarecanvas.(鞋跟是皮的，而鞋面是帆布的)二关系从句（定从句）定从句真剖析1Iwasveryinterestedin_shetoldme.(2009)

21、A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.that2Theparty,_Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable.(2006)A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich定语从句要点小结：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句名称意义结构特点功能引导词限制性定语对先行词起紧跟先行修饰先行词所相关系代从句限制作用；词，同先行词或关系副指特定的人词之间没有词或物；不能逗号分开省略，否则影响句子的完满性非限制性定对先行词作跟在先行词修饰先行词Which,语从句补充性的说后，用逗号或整个句子who,whom

22、,明；若是省与主句分开as,介词略，不影响+which(不句子的完满能用that)性关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词是用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词：作用/功能用于限制性或非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句取代人取代物取代人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(ofwhom)关系副词在定语从句中表示时间、地点或原因：关系副词被取代的先行词在从句中的作用When(=at,in,on,表示时间的名词时间状语duringwhich)Where(=in,atwhich)表示地点的名词地点状语Why(=forwhich)只有rea

23、son原因状语3不用that只用which的情况在引导非限制性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.介词后不能够用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.限制性定语从句只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(1)当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，也许是由every,an

24、y,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.LihassaidThereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.注意1：部分时候that能够省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，有时也能够用whoAnymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathin

25、g.当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.当先行词被形容词最高等修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.(4)当形容词被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast修饰时ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere

26、WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost当先行词既有人，也有动物也许物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.(8)当在therebe句型中，平时情况下用that，不用which关系代词和关系副词的省略（1）关系代词which,that,who,whom在定语从句中作直接宾语时能够省略。Thisisthenovel(that/which)Ireadlastnight.He

27、isthecollegue(who/shom)Imetinthesupermarket.（2）关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时可省略。Heisnottheman(that)heusedtobe.（3）当先行词是reason且关系词在句中作状语时，关系词why能够省略。Thisisthereason(why)Ilikehersomuch.（4）当先行词是way且关系代词在句中作方式状语时，关系代词inwhich或that能够省略。Thatwasthewayhefoundoutthesolutiontothisproblem.三名词性从句真题剖析1.After_seemedanendlessw

28、ait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanagersoffice.A.thatB.itC.whatD.there名词性从句要点小结名词性从句的引导词：分类引导词功能连接词that,whether,if只起连接作用，不作句子成分关系代词who,whom,whose,既起连接作用，又担当主语、宾what,which,语、定语、表语等成分whatever,whichever,whoever关系副词when,where,how,既起连接作用，又作状语who特别提示（1）关系代词what有时保留其原有的疑问意义，作疑问代词表示“什么”；有时作双重关系代词，相当于“the

29、thingthat/which”。IcanrecognizehisfacebutIcannotrememberwhathisnameis.HisremarksremindedmeofwhatIsawlastnight.（2）whether与if在引导名词性从句时的差别主语从句只能用whether引导Whetherornot能够连在一起使用，而ifornot不能够够连在一起，需分开使用，且ornot要放在句末。Whether能够引介从句，if不能够。在question，ask后边一般只用whether来引。后接不定式只能用whether。当从句提至前面只能用whether引。（一）主从句1.作句

30、子主的从句叫主从句。主从句平时由隶属that，whether，if和接代what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及接副how，when，where，why等引。that在句中无，只起接作用；接代和接副在句中既保留自己的疑含、又起接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldh

31、asnotyetbeenannounced.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceivedapresent.注意：上述例句中的主从句全都是放在句首，但有防备句子重脚，常用形式主it取代主从句作形式主放于句首，而把主从句置于句末。主从句后的一般用数形式。Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.常用句型以下：（1）It+be+名+that从句Itiscommon

32、knowledgethat是常Itisasurprisethat令人惊诧的是Itisafactthat事是（2）It+be+形容+that从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明（3）It+be+的去分+that从句Itisbelievedthat人相信Itisknowntoallthat众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定（4）It+不及物+that从句Itappears/seemsthat忧如Ithappenedthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起2.引what与that

33、What引主从句在从句中充当句子成分，如主表，而that否则。而that只起接作用，自己没心，在从句中也不充当任何成分。That引的主从句放在句首不能够省略。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusistrue.气另注意在主从句中用来表示惊诧、不相信、惋惜、理这样等气，要用虚气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(re

34、quested,proposed,desired,etc.)that（二）从句（1）宾语从句在句中作宾语。在带复合宾语的句子中，it也常被用作形式宾语放在真实宾语that从句的前面。Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld.（2）若是主句的谓语动词表示的是“认为、相信、猜想”看法时，如think，believe，consider，suppose，expect，fancy，guess，reckon，imagine等，此后的宾语从句若含有否认含义，一般要把否认词前移到主句的谓语上，宾语从句中的谓语

35、用必然形式。IdontthinkIcandoitmyself.3）在表示命令、恳求、建议、希望等意义的动词后边的宾语从句中要使用虚假语气，平时使用should+动词原形，should平时能够省略，常有的此类动词有：表示命令order,command,demand,instruct,ask表示恳求ask,request,require表示建议suggest,advise,propose,recommend表示希望desire,insist（4）宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语，且介词宾语不能够用which引导，要用what。Shewasdeeplymovedbywhathesaid.(三)表语从句在句

36、中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关系词与引导主语从句的关系词大体相同，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。比方：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【注意】whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却平时不用于引导表语从句。（四）同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的详尽内容。同位语从句平时由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand

37、、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。比方：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.专项考点练习：_thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.ItissaidB.Theyaresai

38、dC.ItsaidD.Itsays_causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where_helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.ThepersonEat_youlikeandleavetheothersfor_comesinlate.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever_shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstude

39、ntsshowedinterestinherlessons.Itwas_hesaid_disappointedme.A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what语法核心考点二：句子成分剖析真题剖析1Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession(2012)A.Theyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasures.B.Isteppedasideforhertogetinfirst.C.Forallthatheseemstodislikeme,Istillli

40、kehim.D.Theparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson.2.Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial(2012)A.AreyousureofSimonsdisappearance.B.Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager.C.Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan.D.Despitetherain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.Allthefollowin

41、gsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT(2012)A.Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes.B.Onlyoneproblemstillremainsthefood.C.Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme.D.Shelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish.4.Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject(2012)A.HedoesntliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeetingB.Itisnouseyourpre

42、tendingnottoknowthematter.C.MyparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnightD.Herfallingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.5.Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasasubject(2012).A.Weneverdoubtthatherbrotherishonest.B.Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.C.Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.D.I

43、tisclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronounsisusedasanappositive(2012)A.Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress.B.ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary.C.Ihavenothingtosayformyself.D.Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface.7.Inthesentence“ThemanagerinterviewedJimhimselfinthemorning”,

44、theitalicizedwordisusedtomodify(2011)A.theobjectB.theverbC.thesubjectD.theprepositionalphraseWhichoftheitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject(2011)A.WhatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoherWhodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessorisHowmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth.D.Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome9.Xinchunreturnedfromabr

45、oadadifferentmanfunctionasa(n)_inthesentence.A.appositiveB.objectC.adverbialD.complement.Theitalicizedpart10.Which“of”inthefollowingrelationshipA.theoccupationoftheislandofthetouristsD.theplaysofOscarWildesentencesindicatesasubject-predicateB.thelawofNewtonC.thearrival11.Whichofthefollowingitalicize

46、dpartsservesasanappositiveA.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport.C.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.要点总结：句子的主要成分是：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语。主语（subject）:一般由名词性的成分充当，如名词、代词、名词性从句、动名词和不定式；要注意形式主语it与真实主语的辨析。1Inthefollowingsentence“Itsnousewaiting”forme,theitali

47、cizedphraseis_.(2010)A.theobjectB.anadverbialC.acomplementD.thesubject答案：D谓语（predicator）：由动词来充当，主要察看时态、语态。宾语（Object）：位于及物动词或介词此后，也是由名词性成分的词、短语或从句充当；动名词和不定式也可充当宾语；注意形式宾语it和真实宾语的辨析。2In“Howmuchdoyouthinkheearns”(2009)A.thesubjectB.theadverbialC.howmuchis_ofthesentence.theobjectD.thecomplement特别提示：双宾语和复

48、合宾语的差别：双宾语是有的动词后边跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物；间接宾语是受益于动词动作的人。复合宾语：在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完满，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之此后补充说明其身份、特点、状态或所做的动作，这类“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语（objectcomplement）.注意：宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，间接宾语和直接宾语之间不存在。Whichofthefollowingsentencehasanobjectcomplement(2010)ThedirectorappointedJohnmanager.IgaveMaryaChri

49、stmaspresent.YouhavedonePeterafavor.SheisteachingChildrenEnglish.答案：A定语（attribute）：一般修饰名词，由形容词性质的词、短语或从句充当。状语（adverbial）:一般修饰动词或整个句子，一般由副词性质的词、短语或从句充当；介词短语也能够充当句子状语；状语可用于表示时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、退步、条件等。4.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatesCAUSE(2010)A.WhydontyoudoitforthesakeofyourfriendsB.Iwis

50、hIcouldwriteaswellasyou.C.Forallhisefforts,hedidntgetanA.D.Hereyeswereredfromexcessivereading.表语（subjectcomplement）：用于联系动词后边，用于讲解、说明、描绘主语，一般由形容词、名词性质的词、短语或从句充当。语法核心考点三：虚假语气真题剖析：1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasiertolearn.2009，52）A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen答案：B2.Itisn

51、ecessarythathe_theassignmentwithoutdelay.（2010，60）A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandin答案：A3.ItA.leftsgettinglate.Idratheryou_now.B.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave（2011，61）答案：A4.Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments_tohimbeforelunch.2012，54）A.besentB.weresentC.weretobesentD.mustbesent答案:A5.Whichhofth

52、efollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood（2013，54）A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock.B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.答案：A6.Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.

53、A.wastorainB.weretorainC.wasraining（2013，63）D.hadrained答案：B看法：虚假语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种梦想、假设、思疑、猜想、建议等含义，用于重申思疑或不能能，而不是客观存在的事实。虚假语气要点小结：一般虚假条件句一般虚假条件句表达与事实相反的情况，不重申推测意味。虚假情况条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反If+主语+过去时（be主语动词平时用were）+would/could/mightdo与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+wouldhavedone与将来事实相反(1)If+主语+过去时主语+would/shoulddo（

54、be动词平时用were）(2)If+主语+shoulddo(3)If+主语+weretodo注意：shoulddo比weretodo实现的可能性大推测虚假条件句用来推测将来事件，即讲话人认为实现的可能性极小。所以与将来事实相反的虚拟形式适用于推测虚假条件句。虚假情况条件从句与将来事实相反(1)If+主语+过去时结果主句主语+woulddo（be动词平时用were）If+主语+shoulddoIf+主语+weretodo注意：shoulddo比weretodo实现的可能性大错综时间条件句错综时间条件句即虚假条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，所以主句和从句时态的选择上不能够拘泥于上表所列的时态组

55、成，需视详尽情况而定。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnthavegoneoutwithhimlastnight.（在-去）IfIhadhadbreakfastthismorning,Iwouldntbesohungrynow.（去-在）宛转条件句宛转条件句指句中没有出明表示虚气的条件句，而是使用一些、短、从句或其他构来表示条件，但句中依旧使用了虚气。短平时有：butfor（要不是），without,with,or（否），otherwise（否），incaseof（在.的情况下），whatif（若是将会怎）等。Butforhisfathersencouragement,hewouldntha

56、vewonthefirstprize.Withbetterequipment,wewouldhavesucceeded.名性从句中若含有表示“命令、建、求、意愿、主、目的”等意的，需使用虚气，平时用should+原形，should能够省略。名性从句部分。由wish引的从句需要用虚气。平时用去表示在的虚。用去完成表示去的虚，用would+原形表示将来的虚。IwishIcouldflylikeabird.IwishIhadntlenthimmycomputer.IwishIwouldaffordtotravelthewholeworld.7在wouldrather，hadrather，woulds

57、ooner和wouldprefer引的从句中要使用虚气,即用去表示在或将来的情况，用完成表示去的情况，希望或宛转的。Idratheryoutoldmeaboutitrightaway.8在固定句型itis(high)time中，要用去。Itishightimeyoutoldmeaboutit.9.Ifonly引的从句表示没有的梦想或憾，要使用虚气。用去表示在没有的梦想，用去完成表示去没有的梦想。IfonlyIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IfonlyIhadknownitearlierandIcouldhavestoppedit.10在步状从句中，whe

58、theror构平时用倒装序，用be的原形来表示。Beitfineornot,Iwillinspectthefactorymyselftomorrow.=Whetheritisfineornot,Iwillinspectthefactorymyselftomorrow.11在forfearthat，inorderthat，sothat引的目的状从句中，平时使用should/might/could+原形。Hetiptoedforfearthathemightdisturbhisfather.12在lest引的目的状从句中，平时用should+原形。Shedidntallowherlittledau

59、ghtergooutlestsheshouldcatchflu.定：虚气用来表示人的主梦想或设想，而不表示客存在的事，所的是一个条件，不用然是事，或与事相反。用条件：在表示虚假的、与事相反的或以的情况用虚气，表示主梦想或某种烈感情，也用虚气。即当一个人欲其所的是基于自己的主想法，梦想，设想，猜，疑或建，而不是依照客，就用虚气。虚气区混淆条件句的主从句不会灵便化；省略if，句子整不正确；不会去找意思中的“”含；陷在虚中出不来，把真条件句看作虚条件句法核心考点五非真剖析Whataniceday!Howaboutthethreeofus_awalkintheparknearby2009，51）A.t

60、otalkB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking答案：C2._shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.（2010，65）A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.Nottobetall答案：B（一）不定式（infinitive）基本形式：“to+动词原形”。有时to可省略。不能够作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。既拥有动词的特点-能够有自己的宾语和状语，又具有名词，形容词和副词的句法功能。不定式能够做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，同位语和宾语补足语式态主动语态被动语态一般式towrit