2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号26

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ）slowly into the sky.问题1选项A.ascendingB.elevatingC.liftingD.lingering【答案】A【解析】ascend上升；elevate提升，举起；lift提升，举起；linger徘徊。 根据句意可知这里指气

2、球慢慢上升到空中，选项A符合语境。2.单选题I shall tell him the truth, _.问题1选项A.no matter whether he likes it or notB.whether he likes it or notC.no matter he likes it or notD.whether he would like it or not【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：不管他喜不喜欢，我都会告诉他真相。no matter与疑问词who，what，where，when，how，if，whether等连用，意为“无论，不管”，可引导让步状语从句，A选项no m

3、atter whether he likes it or not符合题意。B选项中whether意思为“（表示迟疑或两个可能性之间的选择）是否”，不符合语境；C选项中no matter意思为“不要紧”，用法错误；D选项中whether用法错误。因此A选项正确。3.单选题Stevenson found no（ ）to carry on the work of his father.问题1选项A.aptitudeB.reactionC.arrangementD.polarization【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-C

4、N X-NONEaptitude天资, 自然倾向；reaction反应；arrangement安排, 打算；polarization两极化。have no arrangement to do“没有的打算”, 选项C符合句意。4.单选题Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse stud

5、ent body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by must selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights to

6、investigate questionable policies. “Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program.only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different.” says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative non-

7、profit group.Others say theyll take their case to voters. “We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box.” says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of Californias Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hirin

8、g and contracting. Because of that law, Mondays ruling had no practical impact in the state. “It may be time for us to.let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions.” Connerly said.Meanwhile, U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bushs st

9、ance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions”. Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor, in one of the opinions, recommended t

10、hat states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. “Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a choice, not a legal man

11、date.” says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the nonprofit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Ameri

12、cans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more lik

13、ely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Mondays ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.For now, admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. While most tend to be cl

14、osed-mouthed about admissions policies, many say they dont expect significant changes.1. What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that _.问题1选项A.no admission policies based on race should be implementedB.minority applicants should be given favorable considerationsC.different s

15、tandards for admitting minority students should be set upD.selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discriminatory policies【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。找句内线索根据题干定位到第一段最后一句Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any programonly for minorities or in which the standards used to

16、judge admissions are substantially different.（我们谈论只适用于少数族裔的招生、奖学金等项目，或在这些方面录取标准的不同。），可知批评人士认为针对少数族裔，录取标准应当不同，C选项“录取少数种族学生的标准应该不同”正确。排除干扰项A选项“不应执行基于种族考虑的录取政策”：他们认为少数族裔的录取标准应该不同，参考了种族因素，属于反向干扰。B选项“少数民族申请人应当优先考虑”：录取标准不同不等于优先考虑，属于过度推断。D选项“名牌大学应该因为他们的歧视性政策而受到惩罚”：根据第一段第一、二句the Supreme Courts ruling Monday

17、 upholding the goal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by must selective colleges and universities.（最高法院周一的裁决支持多元化学生群体的目标。高等教育领袖们对这一决定表示了极大的欢迎，称这再次肯定了名牌大学所采用的政策。），可知名牌大学没有歧视行为，属于反向干扰。5.单选题A cycle ride walk or swi

18、m at least three times a week will _ your circulation and help maintain a healthy bloom.问题1选项A.boostB.heightenC.compelD.renew【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boost“促进”；B选项heighten“提高”；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项renew“更换；重新开始”。句意：每周至少骑三次自行车，散步或游泳，可以_你的血液循环，帮助保持健康的血液循环。横线处和your circulation“你的血液循环”形成动宾关系，只有A选项boost“促进”符合题意。因此

19、A选项正确。6.单选题If you say that something is（ ）, you are emphasizing that it cannot be justified or, tolerated because it is extremely bad.问题1选项A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable【答案】C【解析】inevitable必然的, 不可避免的；ineffective无效的, 不起作用的；inexcusable不可原谅的；inexplicable费解的。句意：如果你说某件事是不可原谅的, 你是在强调它

20、是不合理的或不能容忍的, 因为它是极其糟糕的。选项C更符合语境。7.单选题I dont ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never f

21、ound them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-lime and the nature of black holes. At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph. D. at MIT and then as a

22、 post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, 1 woul

23、d instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I

24、didnt want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I dont study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a womens college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 stud

25、ents in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I dont dismiss those concerns. Still I dont tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them t

26、his: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And thats a sight worth talking about.1.Why doesnt the author want to talk about being a women scientist again?2.From Paragraph 2,

27、we can infer that people would attribute the authors failures to（ ）.3.What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph. D. and post-doctoral research?4.Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?5.What does the image the author presents to her students su

28、ggest?问题1选项A.She feels unhappy working in male -dominated fieldsB.She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C.She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D.She finds space research more important.问题2选项A.the very fact that she is a womanB.her involvement in gender politicsC.her over-co

29、nfidence as a female astrophysicistD.the burden she bears in a male-dominated society问题3选项A.Lack of confidence in succeeding in space scienceB.Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circleC.Peoples stereotyped attitude towards female scientistsD.Widespread misconceptions about nature an

30、d nurture问题4选项A.Female students no longer have to bother about gender issuesB.Her students performance has brought back her confidence.C.Her female students can do just as well as male studentsD.More females students are pursuing science than before问题5选项A.Women students neednt have the concerns of h

31、er generation.B.Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C.Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D.Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“But while earning my Ph. D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor

32、doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics.”但当我在麻省理工学院获得博士学位，然后作为一名从事太空研究的博士后时，这个问题开始困扰我。我的每一项成就工作、研究论文、奖项都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的。由此可知，作者受够了性别歧视的问题。选项B符合原文。2.推理判断题。根据第一段“My every achievement-jobs, r

33、esearch papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures.”我的每一项成就工作、研究论文、奖项都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的，包括我的失败也是如此。也就是说，人们将作者的失败归咎于她是女性这一事实。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, 1 woul

34、d instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.”有时，当我被迫就左脑与右脑，或先天与后天进行辩论时，我会立即为我和所有女性的利益展开激烈的斗争。选项C符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者在纽约的一所女子学员进行研究和教学。最近，有人问我班上45个学生中有多少是女生。你无法想象我回答45个时有多满足。因为她们展现出45位热爱科学的女性形象，选项D符合原文。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三句“I have given them this: the visual of their physics profes

35、sor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.”相反，我让她们看到她们物理教授怀着孕还在做实验的一幕。作者是想让她的学生们知道：女性可以在科学事业和家庭之间取得平衡。选项C正确。8.单选题In times of economic difficulty, corporate budgets for research development are often（ ）before any others.问题1选项A.shiftedB.examinedC.slashedD.presented【答案】C【解析】shift转移, 变换；examine检查；s

36、lash削减；present提出, 呈现。句意：在经济困难时期, 企业的研究开发预算往往比其他任何时候都要先削减。选项C符合句意。9.单选题The commission would find itself（ ） at every turn if its members couldnt reach an agreement.问题1选项A.collidedB.displeasedC.crumbledD.hampered【答案】D【解析】collided碰撞，冲突；displeased生气的；crumbled破碎的；hampered受阻的。句意：如果委员们不能达成协议，委员会就会处处受阻。选项D符合

37、句意。10.翻译题商务印书馆是中国现代出版史上历史最悠久的文化出版机构。作为国内外著名的出版机构, 它为文化的传播和新知识的介绍做出了卓越的贡献。出版物遍及社会科学、自然科学、应用技术、文学艺术、儿童读物、教科书、中外语文辞书、各类杂志和各个门类专业的工具书。商务印书馆的出版物, 对我国思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影响。通信卫星系统在过去的几十年中取得了很大的成功, 已引起了人们对未来的广泛的关注, 一些国家正在采用卫星来发展国内的通信, 以取代传统的陆地电话线。但是, 卫星研制、发射和运转的成本很高, 超出了一些国家的经济承受能力。尽管如此, 通信卫星系统得到了越来越多的人的重视和支持,

38、 这种技术会在未来更加普及。【答案】The Commercial Press is the oldest cultural publishing house in the history of Chinas contemporary publication. As a well-known publishing house enjoying great prestige both at home and abroad, it has made outstanding contributions to the propagation of culture and the introduction

39、 of new knowledge. Books published by it include various categories of publications relative to social science, nature science, applied science, art and literature, childrens books, textbooks, dictionaries of Chinese and foreign languages, different kinds of magazines and specialized reference books

40、, which have exerted great influence in the ideological, cultural and educational circles of our country.Communication satellite systems have been quite a success in the past decades, evoking widespread attention to their future. Some countries have been using satellites for domestic communications

41、in place of conventional telephone lines on land. But satellites development, launching and operation are so costly that some countries cant afford. In spite of all this, communication satellites are gaining attention and support from more and more people. The technique seems likely to be more widel

42、y utilized in the future.11.单选题The tryptophan in the Thanksgiving turkey had _ effect, inducing sleep in those who consumed it.问题1选项A.an invigoratingB.depreciatoryC.hypnoticD.lethal【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。A选项an invigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有_的

43、作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。12.翻译题参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。【答案】To participate and to winthat is

44、the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. Ever betterthe ideal always luring a sportsman forward. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeatedeven the best is bound to be surpassed by someon

45、e still stronger. Thousands of losers set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. This is the rule of sports. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.13.单选题The medicine（ ） his pain but did not cure his ill

46、ness.问题1选项A.increasedB.alleviatedC.interruptedD.deteriorated【答案】B【解析】increase增加；alleviate减轻，缓和；interrupt中断，打扰；deteriorate恶化。根据句意可知，这里指减轻疼痛，选项B符合句意。14.单选题Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers,

47、 or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often s

48、et on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning “under the spear”, a spear be

49、ing stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auct

50、ion. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christies and Sothebys in London and New Yo

51、rk are world-famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “

52、lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of

53、a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods

54、. He will not waste time by staring the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve” price that is a price bel

55、ow which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder in the hope of buying goods al at extremely low prices. If such

56、 a “knock-out” comes off, the real auction sale lakes place privately afterwards among the dealers.1. A candle used to bum al at auction sales _.2. An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _.3. The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots” out of order because _.4. An auctioneer likes to get hig

57、h prices for the goods he sells because _.5. A “knock out” is arranged _.问题1选项A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made问题2选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be sol

58、dC.the order in which goods must be soldD.free admission to the auction sale问题3选项A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyers问题4选项A.then he ear

59、ns more himselfB.the dealers are pleasedC.the auction-rooms become world famousD.it keeps the customers interested问题5选项A.to keep the price in the auction room lowB.to allow one dealer only to make a profitC.to increase the auctioneers profitD.to help the auctioneer【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.

60、推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.（在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品通常是“借着蜡烛”出售的：拍卖师点燃一支短蜡烛，然后在蜡烛点着的时候出价。），由此可知点蜡烛是为了限制出价时间，所以D选项“限制提出报价的时间”正确。A选项