2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号71

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题My father never gave me（ ） .问题1选项A.many adviceB.many advicesC.much adviceD.a lot of advices【答案】C【解析】advice为不可数名词, 没有复数形式, many用来修饰可数名词, 所以选项C正确。2.单选题To fight against computer crimes, a computer system needs a sure way

2、 of identifying its right users and rejecting those who are not entitled to use it. The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.At present, signatures are widely used to identify credit card holders, but it takes an expert to detect a good forgery. Sometimes even a human expert

3、 is fooled, and there is no reason to believe that a computer could do any better,Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit-card company and to be photographed. Companies might lose business if they made the pictures under absolute r

4、equirement. Also, photographs are less useful these days, when people frequently change their appearance by changing the way they wear their hair. Finally, computer programs for analyzing photographs are still highly experimental.Cash-drawing systems often use two identification numbers: One is reco

5、rded on a magnetic stripe on the identification cards, and the other is given to the CRS holder. When the user inserts his card into the cash-drawing terminal, he keys in the identification number he has been given. The computer checks to see that the number recorded on the card and the other keyed

6、in by the user refer to the same person.For a long time, fingerprints have provided a method of positive identification. But they suffer from two problems. One is that there is no simple system for comparing fingerprints electronically, the other is that because most people associate being fingerpri

7、nted with being arrested; they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.Voiceprints have suggested. With these, the user has only to speak a few words for the computer to analyze his voice. There are no psychological problems here. And technically it s easier to take a

8、nd analyze voiceprints than fingerprints. However, it has yet to be proved that the computer line.Even lipprints have been suggested. But its doubtful that kissing computer will ever catch.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the identification system requirements?2.The most reliable

9、and convenient identification method in present use is_.3.If the technical problems can be worked out, which method is the most promising?4.Which of the following methods is the least psychologically acceptable?5.The passage is organized by_.问题1选项A.Convenience.B.Reliability.C.Low costs.D.Acceptabili

10、ty.问题2选项A.signaturesB.photographsC.fingerprintsD.magnetic stripes问题3选项A.Voiceprints.B.Fingerprints.C.Photographs.D.Signatures.问题4选项A.Photgraphs.B.Lipprints.C.Fingerprints.D.Voiceprints.问题5选项A.a simple listing of factsB.presenting a solution and discussing its advantages or disadvantagesC.cause and e

11、ffectD.comparison and contrast【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“The identification system should be quick, simple, and convenient.”识别系统的要求包括快速、简单和便捷。只有选项C未提及。2.根据第二段的第一句“At present, signatures are widely used to identify credit card holders, but it takes an expert to detect a good forgery

12、.”由此可知, 签名存在鉴定困难的问题, 排除A。根据第三段第一句话“Photographs are also sometimes used for identification. But, people find it inconvenient to stop by a credit card company and to be photographed.”可知照片存在着应用不方便的问题, 排除B。根据第五段“For a long time, fingerprints have provided a method of positive identification. But they su

13、ffer from two problems.”可知, 指纹也存在两个问题, 排除C。所以, 本题选D。3.根据原文可知, 作者在文中提到了几种识别方式的各种问题，而且认为声纹比指纹识别更好，只是由于技术问题还没有被开发出来，由此推断声纹将成为最有发展前景的识别方式。选项A正确。4.根据第五段的最后一句“they most surely would resist being fingerprinted for routine identification.”由此可见, 大部分人将取指纹与被捕联系起来, 他们肯定不会为了例行的身份鉴定而接受指纹鉴定。因此, 从心理上讲, 最不能接受的是取指纹。5

14、.本题考察行文思路, 文章在首段提出计算机识别系统的基本原则, 然后分别分析几种不同识别方法的利弊。也就是说, 本题是通过提出一个解决办法然后进行利弊分析的方式来展开的。因此, 选项B正确。3.单选题A good many houses _ knocked down by the earthquake.问题1选项A.wasB.wereC.isD.are【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。a good many接复数可数名词, 所以后面的谓语应该为复数。首先排除选项A和C。本句时态为过去时, 所以选项B正确。4.单选题While some office jobs would seem （ ） to

15、many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.问题1选项A.hostileB.tediousC.fantasticD.courageous【答案】B【解析】hostile敌对的, 充满敌意的；tedious单调乏味的；fantastic极好的；courageous勇敢的。根据句意可知, 填空处应该是和下文提到的刺激, 令人兴奋和令人满意相反意义的词。所以选项B符合句意。5.单选题Usually newspapers （ ） for people with intelle

16、ctual interests.问题1选项A.suitB.furnishC.regardD.cater【答案】D【解析】caterfor为固定搭配, 指迎合., 其他三个选择项都是及物动词, 不能直接跟介词for。句意：人口稠密的地区是传染病的滋生地。选项A符合句意。6.单选题Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, he box was full of crockery, much of it （ ） .问题1选项A.breakB.to breakC.breakingD.broken【答案】D【解析】句意：除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕

17、首外, 货箱内装满陶器, 而且大部分都已破碎。分词作状语, 花瓶应该是被打碎的, 所以用broken。7.单选题John often sits in a small bar, drinking and smoking considerably more （ ） .问题1选项A.than that he is healthyB.than good for his healthC.than his health couldD.than is good for his health【答案】D【解析】句意：他坐在一个小酒吧里喝酒吸烟, 在思考着什么是对他的健康更有好处的。这里实际上在than的后面省略

18、了关系代词what。8.单选题Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become （ ） at many survival skills.问题1选项A.proficientB.persistentC.consistentD.sufficient【答案】A【解析】proficient精通的,熟练的;persistent持续的;consistent连续的, 一致的;sufficient足够的。句意：严重残疾的人也能够掌握很多生存证明, 比尔就是其中的例证。9.单选题The basic causes are unknown,

19、 although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ） .问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identified识别, 辨认;guaranteed保证;notified通知, 告知;conveyed传达。句意：尽管一些可能会导致癌症的条件已经得到确认, 但最根本的原因还不知道。10.单选题（ ） more important, not only the lost cities were recovered, but the new ci

20、ties were built.问题1选项A.That isB.It isC.BecauseD.What is【答案】D【解析】句意：更重要的是, 不仅找回了丢失的城市, 而且建造了新的城市。11.单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expected increased tax （ ） .问题1选项A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】efficiency

21、效率;revenue收入, 税收;privilege特权, 特免;validity有效性, 合法性。句意：城镇规划局表示, 下一年的财政前景是乐观的, 他们期望能够增加税收收入。 12.单选题After the collision, he examined the considerable （ ） to his car.问题1选项A.ruinB.destructionC.damageD.injury【答案】C【解析】ruin毁坏；destruction破坏；damage损害；injury伤害。句意：撞车后, 他检查了车的损坏程度。选项C更符合句意。13.单选题Planning our voca

22、tion we must take the frequent （ ） of the weather into consideration.问题1选项A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transition【答案】A【解析】transformation转化, 转换；transmission传递。传播；transaction交易；transition过渡。句意：计划假期的时候, 我们必须把变化莫测的天气考虑进去。14.单选题The commander said to his troops that under no circumstances

23、（ ） to step across the border.问题1选项A.the enemy should be allowedB.should the enemy be allowedC.should allow the enemyD.the enemy should allow【答案】B【解析】考查倒装。带有否定意义的短语，其主谓部分要倒装，首先向排除选项A和D。不被允许表被动，所以选项B正确。句意：指挥官对他的部队说，在任何情况下都不允许敌人跨越边境。15.单选题School started on a_ cold day in February.问题1选项A.severeB.bitter

24、C.suchD.frozen【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。severe严峻的，剧烈的，苛刻的；bitter痛苦的，尖刻的；such这样的，如此的；frozen冻结的；冷酷的。bitter修饰cold，为常用搭配，表示“严寒的”，所以选项B正确。16.单选题She took him （ ） and led him across the road.问题1选项A.by his handB.by the handC.with handD.with the hand【答案】B【解析】take sb. by the hand为习惯搭配, 意为牵着某人的手。17.单选题I must take this w

25、atch to be repaired: it （ ） over twenty minutes a day.问题1选项A.increasesB.progressesC.acceleratesD.gains【答案】D【解析】increases增加, 增大；progresses进展, 进步；accelerates加速, 促进；gains获得, 增加, 在这里指钟表走得太快, 相当于move too fast。句意：我必须把这块表拿去修理, 它每天要多走二十多分钟。18.单选题There were 150_ at the international conference this summer.问题

26、1选项A.spectatorsB.viewersC.participantsD.onlookers【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。spectator观众，旁观者；viewer观察者，观看者；participant参与者；onlooker旁观者，观众。句意：今年夏季的国际会议有150名与会者。选项C符合原文。 19.单选题The simple wooden house sits in an unremarkable old neighborhood in an Osaka suburb, the kind of place people forget still exists in modem Ja

27、pan. There are no pachinko parlors or cyber cafesno shops of any kind, really. Its an unlikely place to encounter the next version of Japans technological evolution. But listen to what happens when a gray-haired septuagenarian named Kazuko Komiyama returns after visiting friends, Welcome home, a voi

28、ce chirps. Isnt it a nice day?”The high-pitched greeting belongs to a robot. Its a simple machine, to be sure. This isnt a thoughtful robotic character like those found in a Star Wars movie, or like Japans own popular creation Astro Boy. But its a robot nonetheless: a chocolate-brown wombat that eve

29、ntually will be able, to flutter its eyes when Komiyama, 77, enters the room and giggle when she scratches its fuzzy little head. It tells her what the weather is like. It reminds her when its time to take her medicine. It sings sweet songs to her.For Komiyama, a mechanical companion is a guard agai

30、nst the dreadful loneliness many elderly Japanese must endure. She saw one such tragic story on a TV news show recently. “An old mans death went unnoticed because he lived alone,” she says. “Day after day, his diary read, I didnt meet anybody today. Again. I dont want to end up like that.” So when w

31、elfare workers from the Osaka suburb of Ikeda asked for volunteers to test the prototype of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.s pet robot, she jumped at the chance. She keeps the robot sitting in her living room. After a month, shes starting to warm-up to the thing, despite one irritating habit “It

32、speaks with a childish voice,” she complains. “That makes me feel like Im treated as an old person. I would rather have an equal relationship with a robot.”This is modem Japan, a Gizmo Nation where even grandmothers make friends with their gadgets. For half a century, the Japanese have made it a cul

33、tural mission to turn out a succession of cool, elegant and increasingly human machines. And what machines they have become: robotic geishas; headgear that projects computer screens in midair in front of wearers eyes; toilets that measure a persons weight, body fat and urine sugar levels. The countr

34、y that gave the world transistor radios, the Walkman and hand-held video games is now positioned to turn its love of gadgetry into a profitable national enterprise once again.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.Who giggles after Komiyama comes into the room according to the passage?3.W

35、e can infer from the third paragraph that nowadays many old people in Japan are （ ） .4.The phrase warm-up to in the third paragraph can be most likely replaced by（ ） .5.Which of the following is not mentioned as one of the roles the robots can play?问题1选项A.it is impossible for people to find high-tec

36、h robots in a simple wooden houseB.it is easy for people to think of a simple wooden house in the modem JapanC.Komiyama usually goes to a coffee restaurant to release her lonelinessD.Komiyama has a mechanical companion whose voice is very sharp and short问题2选项A.The old woman Komiyama herself.B.Komiya

37、mas fantastic pet robotC.A mechanical companion in Star Wars.D.A naughty Japans creation Astro Boy.问题3选项A.treated as old personsB.very lonely in their lifeC.enjoying themselvesD.not taken good care of问题4选项A.become warmer and warmerB.prepare fora game with the robotC.start to like or be friendly with

38、D.approach to or come up to问题5选项A.Helpful instruments.B.Friendly companions.C.Entertaining machines.D.Instructive educators【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Its an unlikely place to encounter the next version of Japans technological evolution. ”可知选项A正确。选项B,C,D都与原文不符。2.根据第二段的一二三句“The high-

39、pitched greeting belongs to a robot.选项A首先排除。Its a simple machine, to be sure. This isnt a thoughtful robotic character like those found in a Star Wars movie, or like Japans own popular creation Astro Boy.”既不是星球大战里的机器人, 也不是日本人创造的阿童木, 所以排除选项C和D。3.根据第三段的第一句“For Komiyama, a mechanical companion is a gua

40、rd against the dreadful loneliness many elderly Japanese must endure.”可知, 选项B日本的老人都很孤独, 符合原文。4.根据原文, 老人把机器人放在客厅, 一个月后, 开始慢慢的接受它。选项C符合原文。5.根据原文内容可知, 只有选项D有益的教育工作者, 在文中没有被提及, 其他的均提到了。20.单选题The Space Age （ ） in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.ini

41、tiatedB.embarkedC.originatedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】initiate启动, 开始, 发起；embark上飞机, 上船;originated起源于, 产生;commence开始, 着手, 获得学位, 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。句意为, 自第一颗人造卫星由苏联于1957年10月发射升空起, 太空时代开始了。因此, 本题选D。21.单选题I dont think he is to blame, （ ） ?问题1选项A.do IB.is heC.isnt heD.does he【答案】B【解析】复合反意疑问句中, 主句是I think, I suppo

42、se, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时, 对that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系提问, 所以首先排除选项A和D。还要注意否定转移的情况, 所以选项B正确。 22.单选题She agreed to take the naughty boy along （ ） he behaved himself.问题1选项A.whetherB.thatC.providedD.in case【答案】C【解析】句意：她同意把那个淘气的男孩带走,只要他听话就行。选项C符合句意。23.单选题The heavily populated area was a breeding place

43、 for （ ） diseases.问题1选项A.infectiousB.powerfulC.influentialD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】infectious传染的；powerful强大的；influential有影响力的；suspicious可疑的。句意：人口稠密的地区是传染病的滋生地。选项A符合句意。24.单选题I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his （ ） .问题1选项A.candidateB.op

44、ponentC.alternativeD.participant【答案】B【解析】candidate候选人, 候补者；opponent对手；alternative替代者；participant参与者。句意：我认为Jones没有机会赢得选举。城里几乎所有的人都把票投给他的对手了。选项B符合句意。25.翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.人们必须通过对现象的分析和研究, 才能了解到事实的本质, 因此需要科学。我们现在面临的所有重大世界性问题中最重要的问题就是人口对土地和土地资源的压力正在迅速增长。受到这么多挫折和失败, 他比以前聪明多

45、了, 这次任务他一定会完成得很好的。没有农业, 人们就不能生存, 社会生产就不能继续下去, 因此, 农业作为国民经济的基础必须得到足够重视。这件事的发生不是由于我们的过错, 而是由于你的疏忽大意。【答案】Only through the analysis and study of the phenomenon can human understand the nature of the fact, therefore, science is needed.The population pressure on land and land resources is growing rapidly,

46、 which is the most important one among all the major world problems we are facing.Suffering from so many setbacks and failures, he has become wiser and can finish this task well.People will neither exist nor can production proceed without agriculture. Therefore, as the basis of the national economy,

47、 we must pay more attention to the agriculture.The occurrence of this matter is caused by your carelessness, not by our fault.26.翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之, 我们所谓的科学革命, 主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用, 而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。”自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的, 是要求一个人对自己的行为负责, 并因其业绩而给予肯

48、定的必不可少的前提。很显然, 我们已然摒弃了 “父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及为使女孩们守身如玉而将她们深锁闺中的农业习俗。现在我们被迫从那种以人们之间相互猜忌和敌视为标志的关系跃进到一个人们之间必须相互尊重和理解的世界。同样地, 语言之所以有价值是因为人们承认它是思维的符号, 是人与人之间传输思想的媒介。【答案】A leader from the new school insisted on that “the so-called scientific revolution can be briefly explained as the improvement, invention and

49、 application of series of equipment, which in turn provides an omnipotent scientific development. ”Freedom and dignity are possessed by self-reliant people in the range of traditional theory, and they both serve essential prerequisites for responsibilities to what they have behaved and appraisal to

50、what they have performed.Obviously, we have abandoned the marriage that arranged by parents and matchmakers and also the corrupted custom in agricultural period that girls are confined in their chambers for virginity.Now we are forced to leap forward to the world that demands mutual respect and unde

51、rstandings from relations that featured by mutual suspicion and hostility.Similarly, the reason why languages possess with their own values is that, as people have acknowledged, they are symbols of thoughts and also media for thought exchanges.27.单选题A child who has once been pleased with a tale like

52、s, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the indi

53、vidual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the letter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories

54、were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impresses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of

55、children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the g

56、rounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confes

57、s, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy

58、 story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.1.According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to （ ）.2.In the second-paragraph, which statement best expresses the authors attitude towards fairy stories?3.Accordin

59、g to the author, fairy stories are most likely to （ ） .4.If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would probably be （ ） .5.The authors mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that （ ） .问题1选项A.tell it in a creative wayB.take from it

60、what the child likesC.add to it whatever at handD.read it out of the story book问题2选项A.He sees in them the worst of human nature.B.He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.C.He dislikes everything about them.D.He is expectant of the experimental results.问题3选项A.make children aggressive the whol