嘉兴海思外语小讲堂托福考试语法要点(虚拟语气)

1、托福语法之虚拟语气什么是虚虚拟语气气？虚拟语气气就是表表示说话话人的愿愿望，假假设，猜猜测或建建议，而而不表示示客观存存在的事事实。1.虚拟拟语气用用于条件件状语从从句 条件状语从句主句现在动词过去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would(should/could/might)+have done将来动词过去式were to +动词原形should+动词原形would(should/could/might)+动词原形表现在Ifhewere free, he would helpus.Ifhestudied at this

2、school,hewouldknow youwell.TheSmiths _(have) alovely gardenifthey didsome workinit.IfI learnttoswim,I_(feel) safer in thewater.Peter_ (be)a richman today if he hadbeen morecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we_(kill)练习IfI _(be) you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe_(have),hewouldattend themeeting.Mr.Brown_(b

3、uy)ahouseifhehad enoughmoney.表过去Ifyou_(come)yesterday, you_(meet)him.Ifthechildhadnt beensotired,he_(not fall) asleepsoquickly.It_(be) agoodmatchifithadntrained.IfMother_(know)youwerecoming,shedhavebakedsome cakes.表将来IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmake fulluse of histime.Ifhewere to comehere

4、,hewouldtellusaboutit.练习Ifyou_(come)tommorow,wewouldhave themeeting.Ifit_(rain) tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfI weretodothiswork,I_(do) it in my ownway.if的省省略当从句中中有were,had should,would,可放句句首，省省略if,用倒倒装形式式Shouldheagreetogothere, we would sendhim there.Were shehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshe mor

5、emoney, shewoulddressfashionably.Were Iinschool again,I would workharder.Hadshe listened morecarefully,shewouldnthave madesomanymistakes.2.一些些特殊的的虚拟条条件句错综时间间条件句句（从句句主句时时间不一一致）Ifyouhad taken themedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewere leaving,you would haveheardaboutit.练习Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he _(be)s

6、cientistnow.一些特殊殊的虚拟拟条件句句虚拟条件件句中可可含有陈陈述语气气的从句句Ifitwere notforthatfact thatyou areill, Iwouldask youtodothis right now.IfI hadknownthat he as notathome,I would nothave calledonhim.一些特殊殊的虚拟拟条件句句含蓄条件件句有时，虚虚拟由without，with,under,引导导的介词词短语Without air,therewouldbenoliving things.Without yourhelp,Iwouldntha

7、ve succeeded.分词短语语This samething,happening in wartime, would amounttodiaster.Born in bettertimes,hewouldhave beenascholar.不定式短短语Tohear himspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimfor aforeigner.连词but,butthat（若若不是）,or 或otherwise.主句（虚虚拟）+but/butthat +从从句（陈陈述）主句（陈陈述）+or/otherwise+从句句（虚拟拟）Itwouldbea mistakenot to he

8、lphim,butI reallydontknow theanswer.Hewouldhave given youmore help,but he wassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshe would be thinner.Heisnotacareful driver;otherwisehewouldnthavehadthataccident.练习Butfor John, we _ (lose)thematchlast week.Butfor yourhelp,I _(find)the place.有时，虚虚拟条件件句中，主、从从句可以以省略其其中的一一个，

9、来来表示说说话人的的一种强强烈的感感情。省略从从句Hewouldhave finished it.他他本该完完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你你应该会会通过这这次考试试了。省略主主句IfI wereathomenow. 要是是我现在在在家里里该多好好啊。Ifonly Ihad gotit.要要是我我得到它它了该多多好啊。3.虚拟拟语气在在某些从从句中的的运用1.宾语语从句。常见动动词：一个坚持持：insist两个命令令：order,command四个建议议：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五个要求求：urgedemandrequir

10、erequestdesire这些动词词后面的的宾语从从句要使使用虚拟拟语气用用法。即即从句中中的动词词使用should+动动词原形形，或者者将should省略略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)have ameeting.Thedoctor orderedthatshe(should)stayinbedfor afew days.Hedemandedthat we(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthat she(should)gowith us.练习MyunclesuggestedthatI _(get)a jobina bank.They

11、insisted thatameeting _(be held)assoonaspossbile.2.以上上动词相相应的名名词构成成的名词词性从句句（包括括主语从从句，表表语从句句和同位位语从句句）也要要使用虚虚拟语气气。从句句中的动动词形式式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand, request, desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.Myidea is thathe(should)doexercises first.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsights

12、eeing.Therehave beendemandsthat theybegivenmorefree time.3.主语语从句中中有表示示惊奇，不相信信，惋惜惜，理应应如此还还有以上上虚拟语语气词的的衍生词词都用虚虚拟。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+动词原原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent, preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+动动词原形形a shamea pityItisdesired ,suggestedthatwe(should)+动动词原形形decid

13、ed,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended练习itisessentialthatevertchild_（have) thesame educational opportunities.Its necessarythat astudent_(learn)Englishwell.4.Its(high) time后后的从从句的虚虚拟Its (high)time we left(shouldleave).Itisabouttime yourbabycouldwalk.5.定语语从句的的虚拟Anybodywhoshould do thatwouldbelaugheda

14、t.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.A manwhostoppedworking would amounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,he would amounttonothing.6.wish/ifonly的虚虚拟wish/if only之之后的宾宾语从句句，表示示一种没没有实现现或根本本不可能能实现的的愿望，常用虚虚拟语气气。发生时间动词形式现在过去式（be用were)过去用过完，或could have done.现在或将来would/could/might+动词原形1）表现现在I wishitwer

15、espringall theyear round.I wishyou werehere.I wishIhadmroefree time.Ifonly Iwerea bird.2）过去去I wishIhadtakenyouradviceIfonly Ihad taken hisadvice.I wishIcouldhave gonetothe movie withyou yesterday.I wishyourfathercouldhavebeen there to seeitall.3)现在在或将来来I wishyou would agree withme.Ifonly therain wou

16、ld stop.I wishIcoulddance练习I wishshe _(come)toseemyparentsmore often.(将将来）Sheoftenwishes thatshe _(can ride)ahorse.(过去）I wishthe train _(arrive)already;thenIcouldhave gothome beforebreakfast.（过去去）7.在even if,even though所所引导的的让步状状语从句句中，可可用虚拟拟语气，主句、从句的的结构与与if所所引导的的条件从从句结构构相同。Itlooksasifitmightrain.现在在Hetalkstomeasthought Iwerea child.现在在HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglish in England.过去8.原原因状状语从句句中的虚虚拟语气气amazed, angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed, frightened, happy,pleased,proud,sorry, surprised,upset等等后面的的状语从从句中常常用虚拟拟语气。其虚拟拟语