1美国文化之新大陆的发现MicrosoftPowerpoint演示文稿

1、Chapter One Discovery of “New World” .Name, territory, population, national bird, capital, national flag, national anthem, great seal.American Indians.Discovery of “New World”.Who first discovered the “New World”?.Name, territory,population,nationalbird,capital,nationalflag,nationalanthem,greatseal

2、Thefullname of thecountry istheUnited StatesofAmerica. NewYorkCityfrom 1789to1790Philadelphiafrom 1790to1800Washington,theDistrictofColumbiaWashingtonD.C. U.S.A.isthe fourthlargest countryinthe world withalargeterritoryof9,372,600squarekilometers(CIA:9,63 1,418)only nexttoRussia (17,075,400 squareki

3、lometers),Canada (9,970,000square kilometers) andChina(9,598,077squarekilometers). U.S.A.has thethirdlargest populationthe world overand nowthepopulationhastopped 300million (2006-10-17 11:46),only nexttoChinaand India.whitebald eagleRobin(redbreast)EmuCanadagoosekiwiGoldeneagleIndianpeacockGoldenPh

4、easantRed-crownedCrane TheUnited Statesnationalflag is “starsandstripes” (nickname:old glory),and wasmade by apatriotic tailoresscalledMrs. Betsy RossinPhiladelphia.Thesecond continental congress adopteditonJune 14,1777andthisdayisobservedasthe flagday. Resolved,ThattheflagoftheUnited Statesbethirte

5、enstripes,alternateredandwhite; thatthe union be thirteen stars,whiteinabluefield,representing anew Constellation.June 14,1777 theFlag ResolutionBetsyRoss FlagBetsyRosspresenting thefirstAmericanflag toGeorgeWashingtonBetsyRoss House is locatedseveralblocksfromIndependenceHall Many peopletake thered

6、andwhitetostandforthe blood of those whogave their livesforfreedom,and thepresumedpurityofthe freedomideal,respectively. Thestarisa symboloftheheavensandthe divinegoal to which manhasaspiredfrom timeimmemorial;thestripe is symbolic of therays of lightemanatingfromthesun.a bookaboutthe flagpublished

7、bytheCongressin1977 Wetake thestarsfrom Heaven,the redfrom ourmothercountry,separatingitbywhitestripes,thus showingthatwehave separatedfrom her,and thewhitestripesshallgodown to posterityrepresentingLiberty.-GeorgeWashingtonUnionJackE U TheUnited Statesnationalanthemisthe “star-spangled banner” andw

8、aswrittenbyanAmericanyouthcalledFrancisco Scott Keyduringthe SecondWarofIndependence from1812to1814.OnMarch3,1931, thesong wasformallymade thenationalanthemafterPresident HerbertHoover signedtheCongressbill.Defense of FortMcHenry Oh,say canyousee,bythedawns early lightWhat so proudlywehailed at thet

9、wilights lastgleaming?Whose broad stripesand brightstars,throughtheperilousfightOer therampartswewatched,were so gallantlystreaming?Andtherocketsred glare,thebombsburstinginairGave proof throughthe night thatour flagwas still thereO say,doesthat star-spangledbanner yetwaveOerthelandofthefreeandthe h

10、omeofthe brave? astrongdesire forpeace,but willalways be ready forwar.“apreference forpeace”EPluribusUnum(OfMany,One”) A pyramidunfinished.Inthezenith an eyeina triangle,surrounded by aglory, proper.-1782resolutionM DCCLXXVIEyeofProvidence(all-seeingeye) AnnuitCptis (nodded at (our) beginnings.)Novu

11、sOrdo Seclorum (neworderofages).American Indians1 originsofthe American Indians2 features andpopulation of theAmericanIndians When?They cametothe Americas about 25,000yearsago. How?They camethroughtheBeringStraitbyship? They camethroughaLand Bridge?They camethroughanIceBridgeduringthe winterdays abo

12、ut fromOctobertoAprilofthenextyear? Why?intendedtofind newhunting groundschasedbyenemiesnevertofind anywaterintheirhomeland. Whereandwho?They camefromSiberia (Siberians)Mongolia(Mongoloids)NorthChina(HanChinese).NazcaLines They areyellow-skinned,and havebroadfaces, highcheekbonesandblackand thick ha

13、irand beard.They are(mostly)colorblindandtheirfingershave no figuresofgongs. Wheninwar timetheypainttheirfacesred andsothey arealso called“redmen”. When Christopher Columbus arrived, it wasestimatedthattherewere about 25 millionAmericanIndiansinthewholewesternworld.Nownative AmericansandAlaskaNative

14、s(Eskimos includingInuitsand Aleuts)make up 2percentoftheAmericanpopulation,withmore than6million peopleidentifyingthemselves as such. warfareepidemicdisease (smallpox,typhus,influenza, diphtheria, measles)displacementwipe outthebuffaloAmericanbuffalo (Bison)Bisonbeingchasedoff acliffAmericanbisonga

15、llopingWorlds LargestBuffalo in Jamestown,NorthDakota at theFrontierVillage “The onlygoodIndianisadead one.”ExterminationreservationassimilationTrailoftears Whilesome American Indianswerehistoricallyhunter-gatherers,many practicedaquacultureandagriculture.They createdmonumentalarchitecture, large-sc

16、ale organizedcities, chiefdoms,states,andmassiveempires.ThemostfamousthreeareAztecs(Mexico),Mayas(Middle America),andIncas(Peru). InnumerablecropsfirstdomesticatedbyindigenousAmericansare nowproducedandusedglobally.maizeorcorn,squash(pumpkins),pintobean,lima beans,tomato,potato,peanuts,cacaobeans,cu

17、cumber,strawberries,pineapples,peppers,sunflowerseeds,rubber,some speciesofcotton, tobacco, cocaMaize,LimabeansandpintobeansWatertowerinRochester,Minnesotabeingpainted as an earofmaizecactus.Discoveryof“New World”1 reasonsofthe discoveryof“New World”2 VoyageofChristopherColumbus3 VoyageofJohn Cabot4

18、 VoyageofAmerigo Vespucci5 VoyageofFerdinandMagellan Through theRenaissance(“revivaloflearning”),people becameenlightenedandbecame onceagaininterestedinthestudyofphysicalsciencesuch as geography.Some brave peoplestarted their expeditionbysailingwest aroundtheAtlanticwitha beliefintheirmind thatthe e

19、arth wasround. Dialogueswritten by Plato mentionedthat there wasa richcountrycalled“Atlantis”,whichsank intothe Atlantic Ocean ina singledayand nightofmisfortune after afailed attempttoinvade Athens. Itwill openupfreshground fortherisingbourgeoisie, promotethe development of commerce(mercantilism),

20、seanavigation andindustry,and providethe wayforthe rapid development of early capitalism.MarcoPolo (c.1254 January8,1324)Silkroad ChristopherColumbus(14511506) wasborn in Genoa,Italy. Theyoungman loved sailingand believed theearthwasround. He plannedtoreachChinaand India throughAtlantic, “thesea of

21、darkness”.Hespentsevenyearsaskinghelpfrom thePortuguese,British andFrenchgovernments, butwasturned downand evensneeredat.FinallytheSpanishKing FerdinandandQueenIsabellapromisedtohelp him. August3,1492,morethan eightysailors headedbyColumbussetoff on board three ships named “Pinta”,“Nina” and“SantaMa

22、ria” fromthe portofPalos, Spain.October 12,1492, theylanded an islandoftheBahamaswhichColumbusnamed“SanSalvador” meaning“HolySavior”.Then theywenttootherislands suchasCuba,and camebacktoPalosonMarch16,1493. Columbusmistook theislands he landedforIndia, andsocalledthe inhabitants (Tainos) Indians.Wes

23、t IndiesandWest IndiansFrom 1493to1504Columbusreached American continentthreemore times andin1498 he reachedsouthAmerica.Landing of Columbus In1497 theItalian navigatorJohn Cabot under theaidoftheBritishgovernment reachedwhatisnowCanada. In1499 anotherItaliannavigatorcalled AmerigoVespuccireachedBra

24、zilunderaidofthePortuguesegovernment.firstpersontodemonstratethattheNew World discoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492wasnot theeastern appendageofAsia,butrather apreviously-unknown fourth continent In1507 MartinWaldseemller, aGerman cartographer,producedaworldmaponwhichhenamedthe newcontinentAmericaaf

25、terVespuccis first name, Amerigo.Amerigo Vespucci andMartinWaldseemller 1519 to 1522thePortuguesenavigatorFerdinand Magellan sailedroundtheworldfor thefirsttime.FerdinandMagellanhimselfwaskilled by theaboriginalsonApril27,1521duringthe voyageinPhilippines.Whofirstdiscovered “NewWorld”?In1000 theIcel

26、andicViking calledLeif EricsonreachedNewFoundLand.InthesixthcenturyanIrishmonasticsaintcalledSaintBrendansailedacross theAtlanticsea, searchingforthe GardenofEden,andlanded theIsle of Blessed. SaintBrendan andthesea monster AccordingtoaChinese bookcalled “Book of Liang”,asearlyasthe5thcentury aChineseBuddhistmonk calledHuiShenvisited theCa