语法综合讲解与练习名词性从句课件-教育

1、名词性从句NOUN CLAUSESsnowingfox名词性从句NOUN CLAUSESsnowingfox在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语的句子叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语的句子叫做名 连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever连接词that, whether, if, as if /as though（不充当从句的任何成分） 引导名词性从句的关联词 连接代词who, whom, who

2、se, 连接副词how, why, when, where however, wherever, whenever, how构成的短语，（how many/much/Long/soon/often)连接副词how, why, when, where how在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. What has he done to the little boy?在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。Can we drink water before

3、 medical examination? The problem is what he has done to the little boy. I dont know whetherif we can drink water before the medical examination.Can we drink water before mediWhy should we learn English well?Why we should learn English well doesnt need any further explanation.Why should we learn Eng

4、lish we1. 主语从句在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。 主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。1. 主语从句在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。 主语从句通常由1.that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。That we must master English words as many as possible is very important. 1.that在从句中无词义

5、，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is stil单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 Where and when he was

6、born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 a fact, a good idea, an honor, a mystery, a question,

7、 a pity, a shame, a pleasure , a wonder, challenge, common knowledge, fun, progress.It is a complete mystery how the prisoner escaped.It is common knowledge that the whale is not fish.1）It + be + 名词 + that从句2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句Amazing, appropriate, better, certain, clear, evident, good, importan

8、t, likely , lucky, unlikely ,Probable, natural, necessary, plain, possible, true , wrong.It is certain that your son will win in his examination.It is very difficult what you a doning.2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句3）It + 不及动词 + that 从句Appear , follow, happen, matter, occur to sb, seem.It now appears that

9、they are in urgent need of help.It happened that I was not there that day.It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.3）It + 不及动词 + that 从句4）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 accepted, admitted, announced, arranged, believed, decided, demanded , estimated, expected, found, hoped , kn

10、own, noted, pointed out, proved , reported, rumored, said, seen, shown, stressed, suggested, unknown.4）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + It is known to us how he became a writer. It has not been decided who will perform the operation.It must be kept in mind that theory is combined with practice.It is known to us

11、how he becamIt is a pity that its a shame that Its no wonder thatIt is suggested thatIts requested thatIts proposed that, Its desired thatIt is a pity that 注意:以上四种句型中，在表示建议,要求,命令,愿望,义务,责任时,从句中用should(/)+do.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “should +do”注意:以上四种句型中，在表示建议,要求,命令,愿望,义It is advisable

12、 that she (should) take a couple of days of rest.It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made.It is quite natural that he should have been respected by the students.It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.It is advisable that she (shouIt is strange that he sh

13、ould say so.It is a great pity that you should think so.It is no surprise that Carl should have won the game.以上句中的that从句如果其谓语动词不用should +do 形式，则不带感情色彩，只表事实It is strange that he should s2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句1.)由连接词t

14、hat引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. We must never think (that) we 注意:在demand, order

15、, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 注意:在demand, order, suggest, adThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。

16、 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. The commander ordered that tro2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。 2)用who，whom, which, whose, whaI want to know what he has told you. She always thin

17、ks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. I want to know what he has tol3)用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether. 3)用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均Whether there is life on the moon is an inte

18、resting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Whether there is life on the mEverything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont care about whether you have money or not. 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 Ev

19、erything depends on whether I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? I wonder whether he will come 4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态； I know that he studies English every day. 4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动I know (that) he will s

20、tudy English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study En如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. 如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去Th

21、e teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.The teacher told us that Tom h5)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。 We dont believe that he will w

22、in the game. I dont think he will do so. 5)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, ex6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；

23、用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。 doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导We doubt whether/ if he can win the game. I dont doubt that he will win the game. We doubt whether/ if he can wi连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever break

24、s the law should be punished. 连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever3. 表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + that从句 3. 表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。 引导表语从句的The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That i

25、s why he didnt come to the meeting. The fact is that we have lost It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. It looks as if it is

26、 going to 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。 同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容， 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。 同位引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。 I have no idea when she will be back. 引导同位语从句的连

27、接词通常有that, whether和连接The news that we won the game is exciting. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. The news that we won the game 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导I had no idea that

28、 you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）I had no idea that you were he. 同位语从句和定语从句:首先来看下面三道题:1. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. (06重庆卷) 2. Dont

29、 believe his reason _ he gave you.3. The reason _ he was late is that he has been ill.A. why B. that C. where D. because，. 同位语从句和定语从句:，解析: 第一题选B, that引导同位语从句与先行词reason同位; 第二题选B, 关系代词that跟在先行词reason的后面引导定语从句, 在从句中做宾语;第三题选A或B,先行词reason在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why, for which 和that引导.思考: 同为先行词reason, 但其后面的从句分别是同位语

30、从句和定语从句,如何区分呢?可以从两个方面考虑:解析: 第一题选B, that引导同位语从句与先行词reas1.连接词是否在从句中作成份,作成分则是定语从句,如上2,3题.反之,有可能是名词性从句.2.意义上从句是否与先行词(常为抽象名词)同位.同位则是名词性从句试区别:The idea that we invited him yesterday is wonderful. (_从句)The idea that he told me yesterday is wonderful. (_从句)同位语定语1.连接词是否在从句中作成份,作成分则是定语从句,如上2,3.it 引导的主语从句与强调句型:

31、首先来看两道高考题:_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (06浙江卷 )A. As B. That C. This D. ItIt was after he got what he had desired _he realized it was not so important. (辽宁卷) A. that B.when C.since D.as.it 引导的主语从句与强调句型:解析:第一题选D,此题考查以形式主语it开头的主语从句.第

32、二题选A,此题考查强调句型.思考: 再回头看看这两题,句式十分相似,同为it is that句式,如何区分理解呢? 只要把it is that去掉,看句子是否依然成立,如果成立,就是强调句式,反之则是主语从句. 解析:第一题选D,此题考查以形式主语it开头的主语从句.第二去掉后,变为:our belief improvements in health care will lead to a stranger, more prosperous economy.(不完整,主语从句)after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so

33、important.(完整,强调句式)试区别:It was many years ago that I met Mr. Green in Beijing.( _从句)It is the fact that he doesnt know his birthday that surprised us all.( _从句)和 (_从句)强调句式同位语强调句式去掉后,变为:our belief improvement.宾语从句与状语从句:首先看看下面两题:1. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _there is human s

34、uffering.(06江西卷)2. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to help _needs help.A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever.宾语从句与状语从句:解析:第一题选D, help为名词,wherever引导地点状语从句;第二题选A, whoever引导宾语从句作help的宾语. 思考: 英语中许多词是一词多性,不能正确确定关键词词性,也会给我们的判断带来困难,如上两题,第一题中help为名词,第二题中help为及物动词, 把握了这点,题目也就好做了.因此可以从以下两点来思考

35、:确定从句前关键词的词性,是否是及物动词,是否是动词.从句是否完整.不缺成分的且从句前的关键词不为及物动词,是状语从句.(除去同位语从句)解析:第一题选D, help为名词,wherever引导地点试练习下面两道题,并判断关键词的词性:-Mom, what did your doctor say?- He advised me to live _the air is fresher.(06四川卷)A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 2. Now, as one of the stars in the NBA, Yao Ming

36、 is working hard to live _ he has dreamed.A. where B. in where C. what D. which区别清楚了吗?第一题中live为_动词, 引导_从句;第二题中live为_动词,等于_,引导_从句.不及物动词状语及物realize宾语试练习下面两道题,并判断关键词的词性:不及物动词状语及物.真题精练:Please remind me _he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(06全国卷一) A. where B. when C. how D. whatSee the

37、 flags on top of the building? That was _we did this morning. (06全国卷一) A. when B. which C. where D. what-Could you do me a favor?-It depends on_ it is. (06北京卷)which B. whichever C. what D. whatever.真题精练:4. There is much chance_ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (06天津卷)A. that B

38、. which C. until D. if5. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江苏卷) A. if B. where C. whether D. that4. There is much chance_6. _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (06辽宁卷) A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever7. A warm though

39、t suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. (06安徽卷)A. if B. when C. that D. which8. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. (06山东卷)why it dies B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is6. _makes this shop differ9. - Its thirty years since we l

40、ast met.- But I still remember the story , believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night. (06四川卷)which B. that C. what D. when 10. We re just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (06山东卷) A. where B. that C. when D. which9. - Its thirty years 分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的要点有以下六

41、个方面:1.考查名词性从句的语序问题高考题例示：分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的要点有以下六个方面:1.考查1. The photographs will show you _（MET1989） A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 1. The photographs will show y例2. Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see

42、 _ . (NMET2000)A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 例2. Someone is ringing the doo例3. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? (NMET1990)where Alice had put B. where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 例3. Can you make sure _ t例4. He asked _ for the violin. (NMET1991)

43、did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 例4. He asked _ for the 2.考查引导词that与what的区别高考题例示： 1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. (NMET1996)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what2.考查引导词that与what的区别高考题例示： 1. _2. No one can be sure _ in a mill

44、ion years. (MET1991)what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 2. No one can be sure _ in3. _ you have done might do harm to other people. (MET 1987)That B. What C. Whether D. How3. _ you have done might4. _ you dont like him is none of my business. (上海1992)What B. Who C. That D. Whether4. _ you dont like him 3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法高考题例示： 1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语