从《雨霖铃》的译文谈汉诗英译的意境传达

1、从?雨霖铃?的译文谈汉诗英译的意境传达abstrathinesepetranslatinisadiffiulttask.thesuessftranslatinfhinesepesdependsnhetheritanapprxiatelytransitartistineptinfhinesepesandleadthereadersintaspaefiaginatin.itisdiffiultttranslatetheriginaleaning,theatsphereandtheharpletely.theenglishversinsfanyutstandinghineselassialpeshi

2、haregentlybeautiful,vigrusanddeepusuallyanntpresenttheriginaltasteandflavrfthepetry.thisthesisfirstpintsutthatartistineptinisakindfidealartististate,hihanleadreadersintthesituatinandetinfape.itisipssibletexpresspletelythepriarytasteandartistineptinfhinesepetryteveryreader.thereasnisthatthedifferenth

3、hepintftheauthrvie,artistineptinanbeeffetivelytransittedtreadersbythefllingthreeeans:first,te

4、xpressarusfeelingsandideas;send,tunearthiages;finally,tstiulateiaginatin.theauthrnarratesthreeaysthrughtheparisnfthetversinsf“bellsringingintherainandtherexaplesfrfurtherexplanatin.attheend,theauthrpintsutthattheyarenlythreeeffetiveaysbutnttheabsluteeans.keyrdshinesepetry;artistineptin;bellsringingi

5、ntherain;slutin【摘要】汉诗英译是否成功就在于能否成功的传达意境。要成功的传达意境是不容易的，许多好的汉语诗歌翻译成英语后总是会失去原作的艺术魅力、本文首先指出：意境是通过形象化的情景交融的艺术描写，可以把读者引入到一个想象的空间的艺术境界，意境传达的困难在于中西方存在着诸多差异，不同的历史文化，风俗习惯和思维定势都使汉语诗歌的意境传达成为一个难题，本文以?雨霖铃?的译文为例，分析了这首诗歌意境传达的困难，接着通过?雨霖铃?的两种译文比照提出了意境传达的三种有效方式：传情达意，挖掘意象，激发联想。最后作者提出，这只是三种有效的方式，而不是绝对的方式。【关键词】汉诗英译；意境；?雨

6、霖铃?；方式1.intrdutinpetryisasuperartflanguage.1aell-knnstateentisadebyrbertfrst“petryishatgetslstintranslatin.2petrytranslatinisadiffiulttaskanditisespeiallytrueinthehinesepetrytranslatin.“indeed,petrytranslatinisareativetask.3burtnraffelsays,“thetranslatedpeshuldfirstbeanepe,agdne,andshuldbethefavrfli

7、fe,insteadflifelessaadeiauray.4theenglishversinsfanyutstandinghineselassialpeshiharegentlybeautiful,vigrusanddeepusuallyanntpresenttheriginaltasteandflavrfthepetry.anyfaussayingsandbeautifullines,hihenjygreatppularityduringhundredsfyears,akethehinesereadershaveadeepsypathetihrd.butfreignreadersanntu

8、nderstandtheatually,rtheyayevenfeelbeilderedandthestiprtantreasnisthatthetranslatinfhinesepetryislakfthenveyanefartistineptin.thesuessftranslatinfhinesepesdependsnhetheritanapprxiatelytransitartistineptinfhinesepesandleadthereadersintaspaefiaginatin.hinaspetasellasliteraryandtheretiiansstlythinkthat

9、thegreatestahieveentfpetryreatinliesinartistineptin.itisthesulfpetry.thenhatnearthisartistineptinfpetry?1.1thedefinitinfartistineptinartistineptinisakindfidealartististate,hihanleadreadersintthesituatinandetinfape.theblendfsituatinandetinisthebasipnentfartistineptin,hihisinvlvedintaspets,neisthebjet

10、ivefiagesinlife,thetheristheidealsubjetivereatinfthepet,eallthefrerneas“jing,andthelaterneas“yi.therefre,artistineptinistheunifiedentityfthetaspets.5artistineptinisnefthestiprtantaesthetineptinsinanienthina,hihanbetraedbakttangdynasty.inhisthestylefpetrypetanghanglinfirstlyputfrardartistineptintgeth

11、erith“物境“情境(tfthreelevelslikeartistineptinusedtdesriberespetivelythebjetandtheirustanesfape).6althughheprpsedthethreelevelstgether,hedidntpintuttherelatinship.jiaran,apetandankasell,nepinteduttherelatinsbeteenyi(iage)andjing(situatin).hethughtthatthefeelingsfareadertapestartfritssituatin.7liuyuxihar

12、riednjiaranstheryadvanedthateansayintangdynasty,theaesthetishl-theleadingshlfpetryhihanalyzespeithartistineptin,asfred.8andinqingdynasty,anggueigaveadeeperresearhnthenntatinandreatinfartistineptin.ashesaysinhis“entsnipetry,“ntnlyanliteraturetivatetheriterhiself,butalsitantuhtheheartsfthers.9adunthen

13、thughtthenntatinftheliteraturetranslatinisthetransissinftheidealnditin.hesaidtheliteraturetranslatinisttransittheartistiidealnditinftheriginalrkinantherlanguageandakereaderbeinspiredequally,affetedandgetthebeautifulfeelinghentheyreadtheriginalrk.101.2.thediffiultiesfthenveyanefartistineptinfranyyear

14、s,ltsfhineseshlarsasellasfreignresearhersputtheireffrttdthearduusrkttranslatelassialhinesepesintenglish.andangtheirrks,thereisnlakfexellenttranslatin.asaatterffat,justthrughthenderfultranslatinfseexellenttranslatr,altffauslassialhinesepeshaventheirrldreputatin.hever,asakindfartistiappreiatin,eusuall

15、yhavealittlepitythatthetranslatinfhinesepetrystillanntexpressartistineptinhenereadasthehinesereaders,ltsfhineselassialpeshavelsttheirriginalrantihar,pleteinfratin,three-diensinaleffet,andthestatethatanleadthereadersintaindefiniteiaginatin.itisntsurprisedtseethatanyshlarsnsiderthetranslatinfhineseani

16、entstyledpetrytbeanunsuessfulfieldsfar.eanseethatevenifsetranslatinsdisplaythententfpetry,theyfailttransit,interpretthed,theiage,andthesituatinfpetry.beausefthehugedivergenebeteentheeastandtheest,itisipssibletexpresspletelythepriarytasteandartistineptinfhinesepetryteveryreader.thereasnisthatthediffe

17、renthistrialulturenntatinsanddifferenthabitsandustsasellasdifferentthinkingethdsarefredintheaspetfrdsandexpressins.therennedtranslatrr.yangxianyihassaid:thereareanytherfatrsnstitutingertaineaningsinriginaltext.itissiplyntipssiblettransittheseeaningsfrthepersnsunderdifferentultures.11frexaple:thehine

18、sereadershaveseassiatinspntaneuslyitheepingillinahinesepetry,itisipssibletausethiskindfassiatinnaturallyifitistranslatedintantherlanguage.inanypestheterinlgy(pelanguage)ftenhastheirulturalhistrialbakgrundausingthereadertassiatesuffiiently.12thereisnfinaltranslatinfranytranslatinispartialsineitishard

19、lypssiblefranytranslatrtseekbalanebeteenvariusrequireent.13furseitntainsthenveyanefartistineptin.2.theanalysisfbellsringingintherainhere,theauthrillprbehttransitartistineptininthetranslatinfhinesepetrybytheenglishversinfbellsringingintherain.2.1theentfbellsringingintherainliuyngpesaregdatdesriptinfd

20、etails,andritteninapithystyle.thispeexpressesthepartingfeelingsanddesribesthesenefpartingandthepainfuld.theetinisalsverysentiental.thispeisfliuyngsrepresentativerks.thefirststanzadesribesthepartingsene,theauthrdesribestheiadahillily,andtlveserepartingintheradsideshelter.thebatasurging.theyererelutan

21、ttpart,handinhandithtearfuleyes,hesendstanza,theauthrsighedefully:partingletsthehuanbesadsinetheldties.thelngertheypart,thesaddertheyfeel.evenifthereisbrightdaysandbeautifulsenery,thepetstillanntheerup.“theiada,“theradsi

22、deshelter,“thesuddendnpur,“thenatinalapital“thebat,“theistyaveand“thesuthernsky-theseiagespsedthedeparturepiturefglylr,briiththethikdeepsrr.thehinesereaderanfeeltheauthrssaddaftertheyreadandprduethesypathetihrd,butasaresultftheulturalenvirnentandthebakgrunddifferene,freignreadersaynthavesiilarfeelin

23、g,nrantheyinduetthisdignifiedatsphere.thehinesereaderuldarryntheverynaturalassiatintabvetheseiages,fraseriesfpituresinthebrains,hesendstanza,hatistherelatinbeteen“多情and“自古?httranslate“晓风残月?hatis“良辰好景虚设nearth?itisverydiffiulttdesribethepain

24、fuldandthedeepsrrfaithfullytthefreigners.2.2thediffiultiesfthenveyanefartistineptinfbellsringingintherainitisntpletelypssiblettranslatetheriginalpe,thedandtheatsphere，hihisalsanextreelybigdiffiultprble,suhas:firstly,itisdiffiulttnveytheetininthepe:theetinhereisntpresentedexpliitlybutipliedinthedesri

25、ptinftheiages.itishardtnveythenntatinandassiatinsignifianefiagestthefreigners.inadditin,thehinesepesusuallynsistfseveraliages,thepetandisplaysepituresinfrntfthereadersthrughthedepitinftheiages.inbellsringingintherain,“thepavilin“eveningluds“illtrees“aningn-theseiagesnstituteasenefsrrdepartureindrear

26、yautun.itisnteasytseletprperrdstnveytheiagesasellassuitablerdstnnettheinthepressftranslatin.finally,inbellsringingintherain,hinesereadersanassiatetheavingilltreesandaningnttherelutanefdeparture.itishardtbringthesiilarfantasytreadersinenglishversin,beauseseiageanntarusethesaeassiatintthefreigners.the

27、reisalsnepintthateshuldntie:thenveyanefartistineptinisanprble,setieseveniftheversinebdiestheharftheriginalpe,thefreignersayntunderstanditpletelybeauseftheulturaldifferenes.justasthefreignersanntunderstandthelvefliangshanbandzhuyingtai,here,theauthrnlyuldliketdisusstheaystnveyartistineptin.3.threestr

28、ategiestnveyartistineptintbeexat,zhazehengsartistineptininludesthreeaspets:qing(etin),jing(situatin),andiaginatin.tunterthesethreeaspets,artistineptinanbeeffetivelytransittedtreadersbythefllingthreeeans:first,texpressarusfeelingsandideas;send,tunearthiages;finally,tstiulateiaginatin.143.1expressfeel

29、ingsandideashendingthetranslatinfhinesepes,eshuldfirstlyakeleartheainideaftheriginalpe,thesituatinsetinthepeandideasandfeelingsthattheauthrantstexpress,therise,ednttranslatebutreatepetry.inanienthina,therearethesayingslike“idealanbenveyedbypetry,andpetryissteedfretins.15angguei,anaestheteindernties,

30、indiatesthatnlyhenapetisabletrefletthereallifeandexpresshisrealfeelingsbyhispehashereahedahigherlevelfpetryreatin.16inhispinin,thesiplenaturalsenery,suhasbirdssinging,flingater,flersblssanddriftingludsanntnsistfartistineptinbytheirpes.thefausliterarytheretiianinqingdynasty,yexiethughtthatetinfrthebt

31、tfheartisneftheindispensablenditinsinthereatinfartistineptin,andhetherartistineptinanbenveyedsuessfullybythetranslatinsrntdependsnhetherthetranslatrisablettransitthefeelingsbeteenthelines,andunderstandpetind.17aseveingsaysinhistranslatinandsentient,translatrshuldntnlytranslatethetears,thelaughter,th

32、eanger,thereadinesstgivelifenthebattlefieldandthevisiblethings,butalsthegrief,thehappiness,theindignatin,theutterdevtinandtheinvisiblesentient.18frinstane,hereisseveralversesfbellsringingintherain.aistranslatedbyreialley,andbistranslatedbyxuyuanhng.“都门帐饮无绪aedrinkteahtherbanearefrdrinkingbefreepart“饮

33、“无绪thetrdsaddanxietyttheparting,pepleusuallyulddrinkinehenpartinginanienttie.thepetasssadthatheuldntliketdrinkatall.drinkteahtherinalleystranslatinsdesntshthiskindfd.xuyuanhngtranslatestherdsintanearefrdrinkingbefreepartrefletakindfdisnslateness，s,xuyuanghngstranslatinisbetter.ifthepeebdiesthepeteti

34、n,theversinshuldindiateit.letuslkatantherverse:执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎aelasphands,faesetithtears;unabletsayanythingbhandinhandegazeateahtherstearfuleyesandburstintsbsithrdsngealednurlipttranslatetheetininthesetverses，eustgraspthepsyhlgialnditinfthepet.lkingateahtherstearfuleyesithhandnneting,theyuldliketsayset

35、hing,yetspeehlessfrsbbingfinally.“执手“相看“泪眼“无语凝噎areasuessinfrdsdesribingtheherssrrandthegrief,xuyuanhngusesgazeatandtearfuleyestdesribethed,andtransittheetin,burstintindiatestheeruptinfhispreservedsentient,ngealedvividlyanifestthesadness.bviusly,inversinaetithtearsgreatlyeakenstheetinandannttransitar

36、tistineptinftheriginalpe.bviusly,itisinadequatetnlydisplaythentent,ealsshuldexpressthefeelingsbeteenthelinesprperly.frexaple:多情自古伤离别，更那堪、冷落清秋节thatistsay,peplealaysfeelsadhenpartingsinetheanientties.hdesalnelypersnliveinthishillyautun?herethepetisdisplayingakindfdisnslated.aeverhavepeplehatedleavingt

37、herefriends,andntheldautunithitssadnessntpfitall;blversuldgrieveatpartingasfld.huldyustandthislearautundaysldparedithhated,grieveinbindiatesthatthepetfeelsbrkenhearted,therhetrialquestinrrespndstheriginalpeexpressingthepsyhlgyfsadfeelinginthelnelyautun,hihnfredttheartistineptinftheriginalpe.bviusly,

38、bisresuessfulintransittingartistineptin.adesntdisplaytheetin,therefreitfailsinthetransissinfartistineptin,but,xuyuanhngfullyprehendsthepetsetinfbellsringingintherain,andarriesnthepetssrrbyhsingtherds.finallyhesueedsinthetransissinfartistineptin.transissinfartistineptinislselylinkediththeetintransiss

39、in.seanakenlusinfrtheexaplesabve,thetransferenefartistineptinisinplete,ifthereisetininanriginalpe,butthetranslatinfailstanifestthefeelingsintheverses,.inrdertfurthertheunderstandingtheiprtanefetinexpressinintranslatin,theauthruldliketgivereexaples:“晓镜但愁云鬓改，夜吟应觉月光寒。tneunnaedbylishangyinthepedesribest

40、heirtallve:heannthelpthinkingfhisbelvedfrhisdeeplvethersthathedesntseehisiagebutthatfhisbelvedhilelkinginttheirrr.thetlinesseletedinthepedesribethefeeling:thepetrriesabuthisbelvedsgrayhairnheadbutnthisnhenheislkinginttheirrr,hedesntfeelthehillfnlight,butherriesthatsheillfeelldhenheisrningverseatnigh

41、t.thefllingaretkindsftranslatinsfinnesherdan(a)andxuyuanhng(b)agriefattherningirrr-ludlike-hairusthange;verseshuedatnight,feelingthehillfnlightbatdanigrievedtthinkyurirrredhairturnsgrey;atnightyuuldfeelldhileirnbynlight.adesribesthepetsrriesabuthisngrayhair,andhefeelshill,hihistheliteraltranslatinit

42、hutunderstandingthefeelingfthepetthisbelved.sitfailsttransitthatkindfsentientinthepeandrevealtheirallve.xuyuanhngaddspersntdesribetheirallve,thusthereadersarevedbythepetsfeelings,andgetthedeepprehensinfartistineptin.hereisantherexaple:“思君如满月，夜夜减清辉。(sineylrdfrypartedbyzhangjiuling)thepetusesthentdesr

43、ibethefeelingsftheifethatsheisdullerdaybydaybyissingherhusband.letusseethetranslatinbyherberta.giles:yheartislikethefulln,fullfpains,savethattisalaysfullandneveranes.“gilesparestheifeshearttthepainfulnthatneverane,sueedsinnveyingtheessentialideafhersrr.19inthispe,thekeypintftheunderstandingfartistin

44、eptinistprehendtheifesetin.sinegilesnveythedistressftheifesissingvividlyandinisively,thereadersanfeelthiskindfpains,therefregilessueedsinthenveyanefartistineptin.theanalysisabvesuggeststhatthetransissinfetinisiprtanttthetransferenefartistineptin.ifthepeebdiespetsetin,thetranslatedversinshuldindiatei

45、t,thusthereadersangetadeepprehensinfartistineptin.3.2unearthiage.besidesthenveyanefetinsandideas,atranslatrshuldalspayattentinttheiages.theiagereferstthebjetinthepetry,hihreeivesubjetivesentientftheauthr.settingsun,fragrantgrass,eepingill,sngfthebirds,iadahirpingandsnarethenlyeplyediagesinanienthine

46、sepes.usually,apetdesntrevealthesentientstraightlybutaakenurerybythedesriptinftheiageandstiulateurfeelingandauseursypathetihrd.20preiselytheauthrrevealsubjetivesentientbytakinganddesribingtheiage,thereaderanentertheartistineptinfpetry.theiageistheesseneflanguagefpe.“iagedelapturestheessenefpitureinp

47、rserinpetry.21thepetsalaysutilizesthevisualizedlanguagehihanstiulatethereadersiaginatinandtheassiatintdesribetheiageintheliteraryrks,iftheliteraryfigureisfresh,thentheexquisiteartistineptinillappear.thetranslatrshuldpayattentintthetransplantatinftheliteraryfigureandvisualizatinfthelanguageinthepress

48、ftranslatin.therefretheyanfullyanifestthebeautyfartistineptin.eshuldtransittheiagesttranslatethepe.iageisthebasieleentfpes.thebasifeatureisthatreadersanexperienethefeelingsfpetsthrughthedesriptinftheiage.“eeantdefineiageastheattributefrthehleentalneptinfaliteraryrk.insesense,iagehereisuntableaseyeab

49、lelinguistipint,andalltheiagesinarkfrintaeaningfulhle,hihisftenalleditsiagery.siageryisununtableasaninseparableentitythatannlybepereivedfrtheentirerk.22thereareseveraliagesinthispetryasflls:iadas,shers,heavylud,suthernsky,illtrees,aningn.“thesebjetstbedesribedareneverseletedatrand,butaretheanifestat

50、infthepetsshredperfbservatinanduniqueartistivie23theseiagesarebjets,butthepetrendershisetintthethathasbeenthesyblfdepartureanddistress.hesetffthepartingatspherebythedesriptinfbjets,thusthereadersillprtrayahillanddrearypitureasiftheyhearthesingingftheiadasandseethepartingsene.thenhdthetranslatinsgive

51、thereadersthesaeexpressinbyunearthingiages?itisrarefrustfeelldanddrearyhenhearingthesingingfiadas,hilethepetuse寒and凄tdesribeit,frthepainfrthebttfhisheart.寒and凄unverdiretlythepetsd,thepersnhavetpartithhisbelvedandfeelstheldnessftheutsiderld,hihishisinnerstfeelings.thefllingtranslatinsarealspresentedb

52、yreialley(a)andxuyuanhng(b):anesthenteftheiada，urnfully;biadashilldrearilyshrillparedithreialleysurnfullyxuyuanhngsiadashilldesribestheiadasnditin,drearilyshrillrrespnds凄切theyestablishedabasiainkeyfrtheentirepe-ludyandld,drearilyshrillfurtherexaggeratedthisatsphere.s,“hill“drearilydesribethepressfps

53、yhlgyandtransitartistineptinf“寒蝉凄切.pavilinisnsideredasasyblfparting,suddensheraybensideredasasyblfthetearsfallingfrtheireyes.lkattheverses:对长亭晚，骤雨初歇aaturpaefrpartingeveningfalls;therainstrthatbrkehaslearedaay;bestandfaetfaeataneveninghurbefrethepavilin,afterasuddenshereanseereialleyitstheiagefpavili

54、n,hihisveryiprtanttthenveyanefartistineptinasasyblfparting.inanienthina,pepleusuallypartinpavilin,shinesereadersanassiatethepavilinithdeparture.andxuyuanhngreservestheiagefpavilinandsherusing“befreand“aftertnnetthetsentenes,sthateseethenaturalseneryandhuanfeelingsellblendedinthebeginningfthepe.24s,i

55、hispe,theiagefthebataitingfrthepersndesribesapiturefalnelysail.theverse:方留恋处、兰舟催发athebatanurgesdeparturebearelingeringlate,butthebatisaitingfryutdepartreialleynlyuses“batanittingtheiagefbat,andxuyuanhngstranslatindesribesapiture:tpeplearelathingtpart,thebati

56、surgingapersntebarkquikly,eanguessthatthebathasbeenaitingfralngtie.thepiturefalnelysailisthesyblfthepartinglver,hispe,ludandskyalsaresyblial,theheavyludisthesyblfhisheavyheart,andthebundlessskyisthesy

57、blflngdistane.25theriginalversesandtranslatinsareasflls:念去去千里烟波，暮霭沉沉楚天阔。aandiknthatsnishallbefarfrhere,verthehills;atnightaistillednfrheavens,andsniillbeinhupeh,hereskiesarehigh,andgrundl;byullgyurayfar,faraay,nilesandilesfistyavesheresailtheships,andeveningludshanglinbundlesssuthernskiesthetiages“暮

58、霭and“楚天shuldbetranslated.reialleydesnttransittheiage:lud,and“heriginalpethefirststanzabeginsithaniageandendsithanther,bthrevealthegrieffparting.26therefreintranslatinthere

59、shuldbethetransferenefthevividiagetletthereaderfeelthepetsetinthrughtheiagestunderstandtheartistineptinfthepe.asekn,inahinesepe,therearealaysanyiages;thesevividiagesbringthebeautytpeple.inrdertahievethesiilareffet,thetranslatrshuldarryntheapprpriatedesriptinttheiages.frexaple,“小楼西角断虹明，栏杆私倚处，遥见月华生irt

60、alattheriverbyuyangxiuprtrayabeautifulsene：thebrkenrainbappearsafteraheavyrain，tpersnsareleaningnrailsathingtherisingn.teresayee-hayutranslatesthelinesinthisay：arsstheesternrnerfthesallhuse,abrkenrainbhangsbrightly,asirestnthebalny,aaitingnrise.theiageftheriginalpeisbrkenrainb，hyistherainbbrken？tere