大学英语语法主谓一致新x1课件

1、英语语法 主谓一致 练习：1.The Alps (covers, cover) an area of 200,000 square kilometers and (is ,are) the greatest mountain range in Europe.2.Draughts (is, are) an easier game than chess.3.What (is, are) his politics ?4.The remains of Shakespeare (is, are) buried on Stratford-on-Avon. 5.Mr Smiths morals (is, a

2、re) above criticism.6.Usually a bird species facing the danger of extinction( gains, gain) public recognition.7 The species of fish in the aquarium (is, are) numerous. 指导原则1.语法一致原则（Grammatical Concord) 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Both boys have their own merits.Much effort is wasted.2. 意义一致

3、原则 （Notional Concord）1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。The crowd were running for their lives.3. 就近原则（Principle of Proximity）谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not only, but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.I. 以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致1.以S结尾的表示疾病的名词作

4、主语时谓语用单数 arthritis:关节炎 bronchitis :支气管炎 mumps:腮腺炎 diabetes:糖尿病 phlebitis:静脉炎但是measles(麻疹)，rickets(软骨病) 谓语可用单/复数2.以S结尾的表示游戏名称的名词谓语常用单数darts:投镖游戏dominoes:多米诺骨牌marbles:打弹子游戏 billiards:台球I. 以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致但cards(打纸牌)用复数；当它们表示所用工具时谓语用复数Two darts are thrown at every turn.3.以ics结尾的学科名称通常用单数mathematics:数学 p

5、hysics:物理学optics:光学 statistics:统计学politics:政治学 acoustics:声学/音响效果economics:经济学 athletics:体育学mechanics:机械学 semantics:语义学linguistics:语言学 tactics:兵法/策略 Ethics (deal) with moral conduct.伦理学是研究道德行为的。The ethics of his decision (be) doubtful.他那决定中的道德准绳值得怀疑。4.以S 结尾的地理名称如山脉，海峡，瀑布，群岛等谓语动词通常用作复数the West Indies西

6、印度群岛 the Bahamas巴哈马群岛但如果是国名，则用作单数，如:the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands（荷兰）。5.由二部分组成的物体通常以S结尾，如果不带“一把”等单位词而单独使用，通常用作复数。scissors剪子 shears 大剪刀 pincers 、tongs 钳子 pliers 老虎钳 pants 裤子pajamas 睡衣，宽长裤 suspenders吊裤带 knickers短裤，灯笼裤jeans 工装裤 shorts 短裤 briefs 三角裤 shoes glasses/spectacles 眼镜 b

7、inoculars 望远镜 chopsticks如带有单位词，则由单位词的单/复数来决定谓语动词的单/复数A pair of shoes was on the desk.Two pairs of shoes are under the desks.6.下列以s结尾的名词通常用作复数 archives:档案 arms:武器 eaves:屋檐 contents:内容 goods:货物 suburbs:郊区 thanks:谢意 wages: 工资 stairs:楼梯 remains:遗体 morals:道德 minutes:记录lodgings:租的房间 surroundings:环境sweepin

8、gs:扫拢的垃圾 注:tidings( 消息,音信)可用作单或复数.以结尾的单，复数同形的名词，谓语动词形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数；意义不同，单复数也不同This glass works was set up in 2008. These glass works are near the railway station.9.少数名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同 Whats the odds?有什么要紧？=what does it matter? （差别） The odds are against us.我们成功的机会很小。（可能的机会） The martyrs remains we

9、re buried at the foot of the hill.遗体 Here is the remains of the temple.遗迹II. 集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的主谓一致1.通常用作复数的集体名词:people, police, folk, youth, cattle, poultry, militia, verminHis cattle were still lean.Many cattle are kept.饲养了很多牲畜。Several hundred police were on duty.几百个警察在执勤。The police are sea

10、rching for him.2.通常用作单数的集体名词:advice, baggage, equipment, information, knowledge, machinery, scenery, news, foliage, merchandise, furnitureII. 集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的主谓一致The merchandise on display in the shop window is very good.All the machinery is new.3.既可用作复数也可用作单数的集体名词：family, army, group, comm

11、ittee, company, government, enemy, class, team, party, club, majority, crowd, audience, jury, union, fleet（舰队）,faculty（能力；大学教职人员），crew，publicHis family are all music lovers.His family isnt large.His family_ going to have a long journey.The whole family _ watching TV.1.The jury _in opinion about “sen

12、tence of death.”A. disagrees B. disagree C. agrees D. has disagreed2.Today the public _about the way nature is being ruined.A. are concerned B. is concernedC. have been concerned D. is being concerned3.The committee cant come to a decision because _at odds.A. it has B. they have C. it is D. they are

13、4.The majority _on Bens side, but Peter disagrees with them on two points.A. were B. was C. is D. areKeys : b d d d Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. 1 One of my best friends_ (have) moved to America. 2 The student, with the host family, _(be) invited to a welcome party when

14、 he arrived at the city. 3 In summer, my familyalways_(eat) lunch in the park.haswaseat4 At the moment, the whole class _(enjoy) sightseeing trips in the city.5 The government_ (be) trying to protect the environment. 6 My study group_ (want) to have pen friends. 7 My fathers company_ (be) paying for

15、 summer courses for our class.is/ are enjoyingiswantis8 Our team_ (have) organized a match against a visiting school.9 Six weeks_ (be) a long time to be away from home. 10 The police_ (be) hoping therell be no trouble at the concert.11 Whats really exciting _(be) that its film for kids by kids. 12 C

16、hoosing the right dictionary _ (depend) on what you want to use it for.hasisareisdepends主谓一致1.以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致2.集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的主谓一致3.并列结构(Coordinate Subject)做主语的主谓一致4.以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致5.数词、量词作主语的主谓一致 Exercises1.Ethics _ (deal) with moral conduct.2.The ethics of his decision_ (be) doubtful.

17、3. Arabian Nights _ ( be )a book popular with the young children. 4. All means that _ possible _ been used to save him A. is; have B. were; have C. was; has D. are; has5.Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out C. are handing out B. are to

18、hand out D. is to hand out III. 并列结构(Coordinate Subject)做主语的主谓一致1.用and或bothand 连接并列主语，谓语通常用复数To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.但是当并列主语指的是同一个人，事物或概念时，谓语用单数，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To

19、love and to be loved is the great happiness.To try and fail is better than not to try at all.A knife and fork is on the table.Bread and butter is our daily food.类似结构有：whisky and soda, strawberry and cream, salt and water, ham and egg, cart and horse，fish and chips等。2.当and 连接的单数主语前面有 each, every, man

20、y a, no 等修饰时，（即 many aand many a; everyand every; eachand each; noand no）谓语动词用单数Many a boy and many a girl has seen the brighter-than-expected white flash of light.No teacher and no student was present at the opening ceremony.3.由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also), not but 等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与

21、邻近的主语取得一致Either you or he is to go.Not only Joan but her sisters know the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.练习：1._either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss? A. AreB. Were C. Is D. Does2.Every policeman and fireman _on the alert. A. have been B. w

22、as C. are D. were3.Joes father, along with his two uncles, _in New York one more day. A. demand that he stay B. demands that he stays C. demands that he stay D. demand that he staysKeys : c b c4.如主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than, like, but

23、, except, besides, in addition to等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数That man, as well as his wife, is accused of molesting minors since 1950s.A professor, together with his students, was sent to work in Nigeria.The room with its furniture was rented.IV.代词以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致1. 由不定代词every, each, each one ,each of, another

24、, either, neither, no one, the other, everybody, everything, many a, more than one 等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用单数。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than one man believes that the promise of the American Dream is still out of reach for many blacks in the city.2. 由“ a great many, a good many, a group o

25、f, a number of +复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语用复数。IV.代词以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致A great many graduates think they are all entitled to make a mistake once in a while.3. all of, some of, a lot of, half of, most of, the majority of, two thirds of, ninety percent of, the rest of, plenty of, part of, heaps of（堆）等+名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词

26、的单/复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数，因为这些词是中心词Half of the apples go bad.The rest of the land is uncultivated.练习：1.Although the first part of the book is easy, the rest _.A. are difficult B. has proved difficultC. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult2.Mrs.Angel feels very happy when the rest _appearance.

27、A. makes B. make their C. has made their D. have made his3.More than one example _necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.A. should be B. is C. are D. have beenKeys : b b b c4.Another five weeks _necessary for us to finish the work.A. are B. were C. is D. will have beenV.数词、量词作主语

28、的主谓一致1.表加，减，乘，除等算式时，谓语常用单数。Ten minus two is eight.Forty divided by eight is five.2.当a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a kind of, a great deal of, a great amount of 等+名词，谓语动词用单数形式A large portion of Emilys poems was found and published after her death.A series of lectures on educational psychology

29、 is said to be given by E. Stone .3.当a flock of, a drove of, a school of, a swarm of, a herd of, a pack of 等集体名词被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数。如指个体，用复数Usually, a herd of African elephants has up to one thousand members.4.the number of +复数，谓语用单数； a number of +复数，谓语用复数A number of Britons were sent to Tehran yesterday

30、.The number of Britons was fifty-four.练习：1.The number of students in the oral English program training _to 20.A. limits B. is limited C. limited D. are limited2.A series of debates between the lecturers _ for the next weekend.A. are scheduled B. was scheduledC. were scheduled D. have been scheduledK

31、eys :b bVI.分句，从句作主语的主谓一致1.不定式分句和ing 分词分句作主语，谓语用单数Writing stories and articles is what I enjoy most.2.名词性从句作主语，谓语动词常用单数What caused the accident is a complete mystery.VI.分句，从句作主语的主谓一致That blacks in Americas second-largest city fare the worst among all major races in education, health, economics, housi

32、ng and criminal justice is said by a study released on Wednesday.3.定语从句中从句与先行词的数保持一致I am one of those people who by the general opinion of the world are counted both infamous and unhappy.George is the one of the brightest confidants who has graduated from Mongolia University .4.强调句“It is I who .”中，分

33、句动词形式与I要保持一致。非正式英语中，可用me代替I ,随后的分句动词常用第三人称单数It is I who am to blame.It is me that was injured in the accident.5.存在句中，be 的单复数适用就近原则There has to be a lot of give-and-take in any successful marriage. There are four chairs, a table, and a small bed in the room.练习：1.John is the one of the staff members w

34、ho _to be transferred. A. is going B. are goingC. have been going D. has been going2.He is one of those persons who_ never satisfied.A. are B. is C. has been D. to be3.What they have done _useful to the people.A. are considered B. is consideredC. have been considered D. will be consideredKeys :a a b

35、6某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数 第一组：谓语用复数 a great many + 可数名词复数 a number of + 可数名词复数 the majority of + 可数名词 第二组；谓语用单数 the number of + 可数名词复数 each/every + 可数名词复数 neither/either of + 可数名词复数 one and a half + 可数名词复数 第三组； more than one + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 第四组； the greater part of a large proportion of 5

36、0% of one third of plenty of the rest of 谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致 第五组； (n)either (n)or. not only. but also not .but 谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即(n)or/ but also/ but引导的后面部分）一致. Exercise Five1.How close parents are to their children_ a strong influence on the character of the children. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 2.

37、 Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university_. A. has been accepted B. have been accepted C. was accepted D. were accepted 3. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes,_ more women to take advantage of employment oppor

38、tunities. A. have allowed B. allow C. allowing D. allows4. No news _ good news. I think hell be back soon. A. isB. areC. wasD. were5. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. are B. is C. amD. be6. Half of the class _ most of the work. Some of the work_ really difficult. A. have done, is B. has done, are C.

39、 has done, is D. have done, are7. In our class _ of the students _girls. A. three fifth, are B. three fifths, are C. third fifth, is D. three fifths, is8. Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now. A. is not B. am getting C. are gettingD. is getting9. Are there any fish in the lake now? No. _ any w

40、ater in it in winter. A. There isnt B. There arent C. It isnt D. They arent 10.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited. A were B have been C has been D was11.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. hav

41、e been D. has been Agreement (主谓一致) 一、选择填空1.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 2.The number of students in this school _ by 5% every year. A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises3.A library with f

42、ive thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredCCA4.E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are played D. play5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. Know B. knows C. have known D.

43、 is known6.All but one _ here just now. A.is B. was C. has been D. were7.Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out C. are handing out B. are to hand out D. is to hand out 8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination

44、after another. A. is B. are C. am D. ABDDB9.She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying D. are paid well10._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are11

45、.When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided12.There _ no life on the moon. A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to beBCAC13 . -Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to

46、 go to university. -So do I. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped14. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafs15. All the _ are made of _, not plastics. A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C.

47、 glass; glasses D. glasses;glasses 16. It was he and I who _ at your house yesterday. A. was B. am C. were D. is 17. All means that _ possible _ been used to save him A. is; have B. were; have C. was; has D. are; hasBABCB二用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Her advice _ useful to me. ( be ) 2. Laying eggs _ the queen an

48、ts full-time job. ( be ) 3. Everyone _ Tom and Mary will get married next month. (know) 4. Nothing _ been done to stop the lake from being polluted. (have) 5. Either of the rooms _ big enough.( be ) 6. More than one person _ killed in the accident. ( be ) 7. More questions than one _ been asked. ( h

49、ave) 8. A poor woman together with her four children _ found begging in the street. ( be )isisknowshasis washavewas 9.The professor, including all of his students _ gone abroad. ( have) 10. Two hours _ enough for us to finish the work. ( be ) 11. One hundred dollars a month _ not a high pay. ( be )

50、12. Arabian Nights _ a book popular with the young children. ( be ) 13. Politics _ not easy for the students to learn well. ( be ) 14. The youth _ fond of rock n roll music. ( be ) 15. Fifty tons of coal _ wasted in the factory last year. ( be ) 16. A large quantity of new machines _ been bought by

51、the factory this year. ( have )hasisisisisarewerehave 17. Collecting stamps and playing the guitar _ my hobbies. 18. Each boy and each girl _ to finish the work on time. ( be ) 19. What they needed _ some water. ( be ) 20. Nearly 60 percent of the students in our class _ boys. ( be ) 21. More than t

52、wo thirds of the surface of the earth _ covered by water. ( be ) 22. Neither my parents nor my sister _ known the secret. ( have ) 23. There _ some water and stones in the bottle. ( be )areisisareishasis三对比选择填空：1a. He is the only one of the students that _ got full mark. b. He is one of the students

53、 that _ got full make. A. is B. are C. has D. have三对比选择填空：2. a. Three fourths of the teachers present _ against the plan. b. Three fourths of the surface of the earth _covered with water. A. is B. are C. was D. were三对比选择填空：3. a. The famous singer and dancer _ our party this evening. b. The famous si

54、nger and the famous dancer _ our party this evening. A. are going to attend B. was to attend C. were to attend D. is going to attend4. a. A number of students _ from the country. b. The number of students _ 900. A. is B. are C. has D. have5. a. Where and when to have the party _ not been decided yet

55、. b. What I say and think _ nothing to do with you. A. is B. has C. are D. have6. a. Many a boy _ this kind of bicycle. b. Many boys _ this kind of bicycle. A. like B. likes7. a. All but one _ here now. b. There is nothing unusual. All _ going well. A. has B. is C. have D. are8. a. What she wants _ more time. b. What she wants _ mor