医学论文写作2-摘要课件

1、医学英语论文写作 摘要（abstract）摘要类型 1、报道性摘要(informative abstract)：也称 信息型摘要或资料性摘要。其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。通常, 这种摘要可部分地取代阅读全文。 Testing the Feasibility of a DVD-Based Intervention to Promote Preparedness for Mammography in Women with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal Of Cancer Education: The Official Journ

2、al Of The American Association For Cancer Education Women with intellectual disabilities (ID, formerly mental retardation) have a similar breast cancer incidence as the general population, but they have higher breast cancer mortality and lower rates of regular screening mammography. We conducted a f

3、easibility study evaluating acceptability, demand, and limited efficacy of a health education DVD about mammography for women with ID. The DVD was developed in order to address disability-specific barriers to mammography identified in prior studies, such as anxiety related to navigating the logistic

4、s of obtaining a mammogram. The DVD was found to be acceptable and feasible, and led to a moderate increase in mammography preparedness in this population. Study results suggest that this DVD-based intervention is an appropriate candidate for further study measuring efficacy and effectiveness in inc

5、reasing regular mammography in women with ID, a disparity population. Women with intellectual disabilities (ID, formerly mental retardation) have a similar breast cancer incidence as the general population, but they have higher breast cancer mortality and lower rates of regular screening mammography

6、. We conducted a feasibility study evaluating acceptability, demand, and limited efficacy of a health education DVD about mammography for women with ID. The DVD was developed in order to address disability-specific barriers to mammography identified in prior studies, such as anxiety related to navig

7、ating the logistics of obtaining a mammogram. The DVD was found to be acceptable and feasible, and led to a moderate increase in mammography preparedness in this population. Study results suggest that this DVD-based intervention is an appropriate candidate for further study measuring efficacy and ef

8、fectiveness in increasing regular mammography in women with ID, a disparity population.指示性摘要 Duplication of the polyotia in a case of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome A rare case of polyotia in Brachmann-de Lange syndrome is presented and a method for the surgical correction of the duplicated auricle bri

9、efly outlined. A review of relevant literature is included in the discussion. 3、报道-指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)：以报道性摘要的形式表述文献中信息价值较高的部分, 以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分，起检索作用。 传统的摘要多为一段式, 在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)、材料与方法(Materials and Methods)、结果 (Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面, 即IMRAD（Introduction, Methods,

10、Results and Discussion）结构的写作模式。 4、 “结构式摘要” (structured abstract)： 1985年加拿大McMaster大学临床流行病学倡导，1987年Ann Intern Med 率先应用。 是报道性摘要的结构化表达，强调论文摘要应含有较多的信息量。 结构式摘要易于写作（作者可按层次填入内容）和方便阅读（逻辑自然、内容突出行文中用黑体、全部大写或斜体等直接标出目的、方法、结果和结论等标题）。 MEDLINE检索系统所收录的生物医学期刊目前已有60%以上采用了结构式摘要。全结构式摘要(1)目的(Objective)：研究的问题、目的或设想等；(2)设

11、计(Design)：样本选择、分组、诊断标准和随访； (3)单位(Setting)：研究机构、大专院校, 医疗机构； (4)对象(Patients, Participants)：数目、选择和条件等；(5)处置(Interventions)：处置方法基本特征, 持续时间；(6)主要结果测定(Main Outcome Measures): 如何测定； (7)结果(Results)：确切的置信度和统计学显著性检验值；(8)结论(Conclusions)：主要结论及其潜在的临床应用。 半结构式摘要 Objective Methods Results Conclusion“独立性”(independen

12、t)和“自含性”(self-contained) 原则。用词简洁明了，句式直截了当（250字，强调创新重要之处；包括主要论点、重要论证或数据），明白无误（逻辑性、指代词清楚）尽量避免引用文献、图表, 用词应为读者所熟悉；为方便检索系统转录, 尽量避免化学结构式、数学表达式、角标和希腊文等特殊符号。生物医学期刊投稿要求温哥华格式目的：Objective/Purpose/Aim方法：Methods结果：Results结论：Conclusion中西医结合学报摘要专论、述评与综述、学术探讨、系统综述、方法学、研究方案、临床论著、实验论著、文献研究等栏目的文章，均须附中英文摘要。论著的摘要使用结构式。临

13、床论著的摘要分背景（），目的（），设计、场所、受试者和干预措施（，），主要结局指标（），结果（）和结论（）个部分；实验论著的摘要分目的（）、方法（）、结果（）和结论（）个部分。英文摘要可以比中文摘要更详细，且不应少于个单词。许多期刊数据库只收录摘要，故摘要应可独立成篇，具有自明性。在摘要中，英文缩写第一次出现时也一律先写出中文名词全称，后在圆括号内标注英文全称及缩写。关键词关键词不能少于个，关键词之间用“；”分隔。各类文稿均须列出中英文关键词，英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应，词首字母均小写。目的: 对55 例心脏卒死(SCD) 临床资料进行回顾分析。Objective: To make a r

14、etrospective analysis on the clinical data of 55 cases of SCD目的: 对12 例健康自愿受试者进行“心脉龙注射液”的I 期临床试验。Objective: To make a primary clinic study of Xinmailong Injecta on 12 healthy volunteers除了不定式短语外, 还可以用分词短语、名词短语等来叙述目的。Objective: Describing the clinical features of patients in whom adrenal insufficiency

15、developed during megestrol acetate therapy for advanced breast cancer目的: 阐述晚期乳腺癌患者在接受甲地孕酮治疗期间, 出现肾上腺功能不全的临床特征。目的: 研究人肝组织肾上腺素受体分布的密度。Objective: Research on the distribution and density of adrenoceptors in human hepatic tissues Objective: Determination of telomerase activity in Hela cells 目的: 测定Hela 细

16、胞中端粒酶活性。Objectives: To determine the association between weight change in later years and the risk of fractures in elderly women and to assess the effect of weight loss on this relationship 目的: 确定老年体重变化与老年妇女发生骨折之间的关系, 并评价体重减轻对此关系的影响。2、 Methods 说明研究使用的方法和材料, 如何分组对照、获取数据, 使用何种统计方法等。可以根据所表达的内容, 用不完全句或完

17、全句。Methods: Using the sleep analysis method to analyze rabbits sleep, using ELISA to detect the levels of TNF in the serum and brains of mice.方法: 用睡眠时相分析方法分析家兔睡眠。ELISA 法测定小鼠血清及脑匀浆中 TNF 水平。Methods: Thirteen patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with oral megestrol acetate, 160 mg/d. 方法: 1

18、3 例晚期乳腺癌患者接受甲地孕酮口服治疗, 每天160mg。3、Results列出研究结果、主要数据及新发现等。不用The result s showed that, We found that等, 只要在Results后面直接写出结果。多为句子结构。Results: During an average of 19.5 months after the fourth examination, 264 women (4%) had at least 1 non-spine fracture, including 83 women who suffered frailty fractures.结果: 在第四次检查后平均19.5 个月的时间内,