医学类英语词根(章节讲课)课件

1、Medical Englishfor postgraduates主讲人：彭继兰 1章节课件Medical Englishfor postgradua Word building基本意义单位 第一种符号 第二种符号 (word) (root) 人 man anthrop 花 flower antho 时 time chron 色 colour chrom 2章节课件 Word building2章节课件石 stone lith 水 water hydro 生命 life bio 头 head cephal 牙 tooth dent3章节课件石 stone lith- lithoscope 结石检

2、查器 lithectomy 结石切除术 lithoid 如石的 -lith urolith 尿结石 nephrolith 肾结石 cholelith 胆结石4章节课件 lith-4章节课件 aerolith 陨石 megalith 巨石 monolith 独石柱 trilith 三石(塔) zoolith 动物化石 entemlith 昆虫化石5章节课件 aerolith 陨石5章节课件The parts of human body 人体部位 1.头head capit- caput- L cephal- G 2.颈 neck carotico- G cervic- L 3.胸 chest p

3、ectus- L pectoris a. steth- G thorac- G6章节课件The parts of human body 人体部位 64.腹 abdomen abdomin- L lapar-G5.腰 waist n. lumb- L lumbus L n. 6.盆,肾盂 pelvis pelvi- L7.肩 shoulder om- L8.臂 arm brachi- L brachium n.9.肘 elbow cubitus L7章节课件4.腹 abdomen abdomin- L10.前臂 forearm antebrachi-11.腕 wrist carpus- L12.

4、手 hand manu- L manus n. cheir- kair G8章节课件10.前臂 forearm antebra13.指(趾) finger (toe) dactyl- G dactylogram /fingerprint 指纹 phalanx n. G digitus n. L14.臀 buttock (breech / nump) clunis L n. gluteal G a. gloutos n. pyg- G9章节课件13.指(趾) finger (toe) dactyl-15.股 thigh femur- L n.16.膝 knee genu- L17.小腿 leg

5、crus L 18.踝 ankle talus L n.19.足 foot ped- L pod- G 10章节课件15.股 thigh femur- organs and tissues 组织和器官1. cell 细胞 cyt- -cyte G2. gland 腺体 aden- G3. muscule 肌肉 muscul- L my- G4. skin 皮肤 derm(at)- G5. bone 骨 oste- G6. joint 关节 arthr- G7. heart 心 cardi- G 心肌 myocardi-11章节课件 organs and tissues 组8. brain 脑

6、encephal- G cerebrum 大脑 cerebr- L cerebellum 小脑 cerebell- L9. bile 胆（汁） bili- L chole-, chol(o)- G10. liver 肝 hepat- G11. stomach 胃 gastr- G12. intestine 肠 enter- G 12章节课件8. brain 脑 encephal- 13. lung 肺 pneumon- G 肺炎 pneumonia ,pneumonitis 14. pneum(at)- 呼吸，空气，肺 气胸 pneumothorax 15. bronchus 支气管 bron

7、ch- L 16. spleen 脾 splen- G 17. kidney 肾 nephr- G ren- L 18. testis 睾丸 orchi(d)- G13章节课件13. lung 肺 pneumon- G19. womb 子宫 metr- G uter- L 20. breast 乳房 mast- G mamm- L21. spine 脊柱 rachi- G22. eye 眼 ophthalm-G ocul- L 左眼 oculus sinister (0.S.) 右眼 oculus dexter (0.D.)14章节课件19. womb 子宫 metr- 23. ear 耳 a

8、uri- L 外耳，心耳 ot- G otitis media 中耳炎24. nose鼻 nas- Lotorhinolaryngology耳鼻喉科学 rhin- Grhinophyma (肥大性）酒糟鼻25. throat 咽 pharyng- Gpharynx n. pharyngitis 咽炎 throat 喉 laryng- G larynx n.15章节课件23. ear 耳 auri- L 外耳，心耳 喉炎 laryngitis26. tooth dent- L dentistry 牙科学 dentist牙科医生 denture 义齿，牙托 odont- Godontolith 牙

9、结石27. blood vessel angi- G vascul- L vascular adj. vasospasm 血管痉挛 vasoconstriction 血管收缩16章节课件 喉炎 laryngi28. vein 静脉 ven- L phleb- G 29. artery 动脉 arteri- L30. nerve 神经 neur- G neurasthenia神经衰弱31. blood 血 haem-, hemat-, hem- 32. bladder 膀胱 G cyst- cystitis 膀胱炎 cystofibroma 囊性纤维瘤17章节课件28. vein 静脉 ven-

10、 L 33. bile duct 胆管 cholangi-34. fat 脂肪 lip- G35. fibre 纤维 fibr- L36. trachea 气管 trache- G 37. meninx 脑膜, 脊髓膜 mening-G 38.spinal cord脊髓 myel- G 18章节课件 33. bile duct 胆管 cholangi-39. encephalomyel- 脑脊髓 40. colon 结肠 colo- G41. thrombus血栓 thromb- G （embolus，plug)42. platelet血小板 thrombocyt- G19章节课件39. en

11、cephalomyel- 脑脊髓 Diseases and morbid condition 疾病和病态1. 炎 (inflammation) -itis G2. 疼痛 (ache) - algia G neuralgia 神经疼痛 myalgia 肌肉疼痛 arthralgia关节疼痛3. 膨出，疝 (hernia) -cele G gastrocele 胃疝4. 扩张, 膨胀(dilation) -ectasis G bronchiectasis 支气管扩张20章节课件Diseases and morbid condition 5. 充血, 血症 (congestion) -emia G

12、anemia 贫血症 leukemia 白血病 bacteremia 菌血症 6. 巨大, 肿大 (swelling) -megaly G hepatomegaly 肝肿大 splenomegaly 脾肿大7. 瘤 (tumor) -oma G fibroma 纤维瘤 lipoma 脂肪瘤 encephaloma 脑瘤21章节课件5. 充血, 血症 (congestion) -emia8. 病, (异常)增多 ( abnormal increase) -osis acidosis 酸中毒 leukocytosis白细胞增多9. 减少 (decrease) -penia G lymphocyto

13、penia 淋巴细胞减少 leukocytopenia 白细胞减少10. 麻痹, 瘫痪 (paralysis)plegia G hemiplegia 半身不遂 quadriplegia 四肢瘫痪22章节课件8. 病, (异常)增多 ( abnormal incre11. 下垂 (prolapse) -optosis gastroptosis 胃下垂 choleocystoptosis 胆囊下垂12. 出血 (hemorrhage) -rrhagia rhinorrhagia 鼻出血 gastrorrhagia胃出血23章节课件11. 下垂 (prolapse) -optosis Surgica

14、l Operation（外科手术）1. 穿刺 (puncture)-centisis G abdominocentisis 腹腔穿刺 thoracocentisis 胸腔穿刺 2. 切除术 (excision, removal, resection) -ectomy G thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术3. 切开术(incise, incision), otomy G tracheotomy 气管切开术 angiotomy 血管切开术24章节课件 Surgical Operation（外4. 造口术, 吻合术 (anastomose v. anastomosis n.) -ostomy

15、 gastrostomy胃吻合术 enterostomy 肠造口术 colostomy 结肠造口术 tracheostomy气管造口术5. 缝合术 (suture)orrhaphy cardiorrhaphy, neurorrhaphy, angiorrhaphy25章节课件4. 造口术, 吻合术 25章节课件Position 方位1.在之上 , 在之外 epi-G (on,out) epicondyle 髁上骨 epicardium 心外膜 epicardiectomy 心外膜切除术 epidermis 表皮26章节课件Position 方位1.在之上 , 在之外 e 在上,超过 (abov

16、e ) super-L supra-L superacute 超急性的 supernormal 超常的 superextension 伸展过度的 supra-epiocondylar 位于髁上骨之上的 supranormal 超常的 suprarenal 肾上的，肾上腺的27章节课件 在上,超过 (above ) 27章节课件2、在下，次于，不足 sub- L (under ) subacute 亚急性的 subtotal 次全的 subclinical 亚临床的 subcostal 肋下的 subnutrition 营养不足下，在下( beneath) infra-L 28章节课件2、在下，

17、次于，不足 sub- L28 infracostal 肋下的 infracortical 皮质下的 infraorbital 眼眶下的 infra-axillary 腋下的3、向内，在内（within） end(o)- G endocrine 内分泌 endotoxin 内毒素29章节课件 infracostal 肋下的29章金 endoscope 内窥镜 endogenous 内源性的内，在内(within) intra- L intracardiac 心脏内的 intramuscular 肌肉内的 intraoperative 手术中的 intravenous 静脉内的 intrahepa

18、tic 肝内的30章节课件金 endoscope 内窥镜30章节课件在内，入内，进入(within) intro- L introgastric 导入胃内的 intromit 插入 introvert 性格内向的 introflexion 内屈4、外，外侧(outside) ect(o)- G ectocardic 心脏异位的31章节课件在内，入内，进入(within) intro- L31 ectogenous 外源性的 ectotoxin 外毒素向外 、在外(outside) exo- G exotoxin 外毒素 exocrine 外分泌 exocardia 心脏异位外，额外、向内(ou

19、tward ) extra- L 32章节课件 ectogenous 外源性的3加在形容词之前表示超出、越出之外 extracellular 细胞外的 extrasystole 期外收缩的 extralegal 法律权力以外的 extraordinary 非凡的5、在前 ( before) ante- L anteflexin (子宫)前屈 antemarital 婚前33章节课件加在形容词之前表示超出、越出之外33章节课件 A.M.=antemeridian 午前、上午 antemortem 死前(before) pre- L precardium 心前部（心口） premature 早产的

20、， precapillary 前毛细血管 presystole 收缩前期34章节课件 A.M.=antemeridian 午前、上前，初，前体 (before , forward) pro- G proenzyme 酶原 procedure 程序 prochromosome 初染色体6、post-L (after) postmeridian 午后的 postdiastolic 舒张后的 posthepatitic 肝炎后的35章节课件前，初，前体 (before , forward) pr postcerebral 大脑后的 postwar 战后的 postcerebellar 小脑后的 po

21、stmortem 死后(尸检) postgraduate 研究生retro- L (backward) 向后，倒退 retroperitoneal 腹膜后的 retroaction 反作用的36章节课件 postcerebral 大脑后的36章节课件 retrobronchial 支气管后的7、旁，外，副 ，远处 para- G parathyroid 甲状旁腺的 paraplegia 截瘫的，下肢麻痹的 parasympathetic 副交感的8、在周围 peri- G pericardium 心包37章节课件 retrobronchial 支气管后的37章节 periosteum 骨膜 p

22、erimeter 周长38章节课件 periosteum 骨膜38章节课件 Comparison 对比1. macro- 大(异常体积) G巨球蛋白 macroglobulin巨细胞 macrocyte巨结肠 macrocolon肉眼检查 macroscopemega- G 巨直肠 megarectummegalo- G 巨 脾 megalosplenia39章节课件 Comparison 对比39章节课件 micro- 小 G 微生物 microbe 显微镜 microscope 显微外科 microsurgery 微型手术刀 microtome 微波 microwave40章节课件 mic

23、ro- 小 G40章节课件 2. multi- 多 L 多病灶的 multifocal 多核的 multinuclear 多型的 multiform 多菌感染 multi-infection 细胞簇 multicell pluri- 多 L 多核的 plurinuclear41章节课件 2. multi- 多 L41章 全血球减少 pluricytopenia 多种耐药性的 pluriresistant poly- 多 G 多腺瘤 polyadenoma 多血管炎 polyangiitis 红细胞增多症 polycytemia 多动脉炎 polyarteritis 42章节课件 全血球减少 p

24、luricytopen oligo- 少,不足 G 红细胞过少 oligocytemia 白细胞过少 oligoleukocytosis 营养不足 oligotrophia 胆汁过少 oligocholia43章节课件 oligo- 少,不足 G43章节课件3. tachy- 快 G心动过速 tachycardia呼吸急促 tachypnea记速器 tachymeter快速免疫法 tachyphylaxis心收缩过速(期外收缩 ) tachysystole 44章节课件3. tachy- 快 G44章节课件brady- 慢 G心动过缓 bradycardia呼吸徐缓 bradypnea心舒张期

25、延长 bradydiastole45章节课件brady- 慢 G45章节课件4. hyper- 过高,超过 G高血压 hypertension高脂肪血症 hyperlipemia代谢过盛 hypermetablism体温过高 hyperthermia hypo- 低下,过少 G低血糖症 hypoglycemia贫血 hypohemia = anemia低血压 hypotension甲状腺技能减退 hypothyroidism 46章节课件4. hyper- 过高,超过 G46章节课 Examination 检查（方法和仪器）1. -ography 造影术,X光照相术,描记法 胆管造影术 cho

26、langiography 心动描记法 cardiography 放射照相术 radiography 断层摄影术 temography 胆囊造影术 cholecystography47章节课件 Examination 检查（方2. -oscopy 镜检法,检查法 膀胱镜检法 cystoscopy 胃镜检查法 gastroscopy 喉镜检查法 laryngoscopy 气管镜检法 tracheoscopy 结肠镜检法 coloscopy 肝脏检查法 hepatoscopy48章节课件2. -oscopy 镜检法,检查法48章节课件3.(o)metry- 计数法，测量法血小板计数法 thrombo

27、metry白细胞计数法 leukocytometry红细胞计数法 erythrocytometry结石测定法 lithometry血红素测定法 hemoglobinometry49章节课件3.(o)metry- 计数法，测量法49章节课件4. -graph G 描记器，记录器 ，照片 肠运动记录器 enterograph 脉搏计 angiograph 呼吸运动描记器 pneumograph 肝搏动描记器 hepatograph5. -gram 描记波，描记图，照片 肌运动描记波 myogram 心动图 cardiogram50章节课件4. -graph G 描记器，记录器 5. scope-

28、镜，检查器 胃镜 gastroscope 气管镜 tracheoscope 膀胱镜 cystoscope 口腔镜 stomatoscope 石镜检查器 lithoscope 呼吸检查器 pneumoscope 肌缩检查器 myoscope51章节课件5. scope- 镜，检查器 51章节课件6. -(o)meter 计数器，测量器 细胞计数器 cytometer 结石测定器 lithometer 血小板计数器 thrombometer 血成分测定器 hematometer 肠腔测量器 enterometer 血管口径张力器 angiometer 肌力计 myometer 呼吸气量测定器 pn

29、eumometer 52章节课件6. -(o)meter 计数器，测量器52章节课件 Exercise 1. 关节疼痛 8. 脑膜炎 2. 膀胱疝 9. 血管扩张 3. 脂血症 10.静脉出血 4. 肝瘤 11.脾肿大 5. 血小板减少 12.脑瘫 6. 神经官能症 13.腰穿 7. 子宫下垂 14.肝切除术53章节课件 Exercise53 Exercise 1. 关节疼痛 arthralgia 2. 膀胱疝 cystocele 3. 脂血症 lipemia 4. 肝瘤 hepatoma 5. 血小板减少 thrombocytopenia 6. 神经官能症 neurosis 7. 子宫下垂

30、hysteroptosis /metroptosis/uteroptosis54章节课件 Exercise54 8. 脑膜炎 meningitis 9. 血管扩张 angiectasis 10.静脉出血 phleborrhagia 11.脾肿大 splenomegaly 12.脑瘫 encephaloplegia 13.腰穿 lumbocentisis 14.肝切除术 hepatectomy55章节课件 8. 脑膜炎 meningi15. 静脉放血术 16. 胃肠吻合术 17. 血管缝合术 18. 气管切开术 19. 支气管镜检法 20. 充气胃镜检查法 21. 肺x光照相术 22. 肾造影术

31、 23. 巨淋巴细胞 24. 显微外科 25. 多动脉炎 26. 细胞增多症 27. 白细胞减少 28. 心动过速 29. 呼吸缓慢 30. 高血糖症 31. 甲状腺机能亢进 32. 低血压56章节课件15. 静脉放血术 16. 胃肠吻15. 静脉放血术 phlebotomy16. 胃肠吻合术 gastroenterostomy17. 血管缝合术 angiorrhaphy18. 气管切开术 tracheotomy19. 支气管镜检法 bronchoscopy20. 充气胃镜检查法 pneumogastroscopy21. 肺x光照相术 pneumonography57章节课件57章节课件 22

32、. 肾造影术 nephrography23. 巨淋巴细胞 macrolymphocyte24. 显微外科 microsurgery25. 多动脉炎 polyarteritis26. 细胞增多症 cytosis / polycythemia27. 白细胞减少 oligocytosis oligocythemia28. 心动过速 tachycardia58章节课件 29. 呼吸缓慢 bradypnea30. 高血糖症 hyperglycemia31. 甲状腺机能亢进 hyperthyroidism32. 低血压 hypotension59章节课件 Unit One1.Compared with o

33、ther nutrients, there is less demand for vitamins and mineral salt.2.Lack of Vitamin C may result in scurvy, a disease which is characterized by painful muscle, weakness, hemorrhage, fragile bones, loose teeth and dental caries.60章节课件Unit One1.Compared with other 3.Vitamins are classified according

34、to the letters of English alphabet. They are referred to as Vitamins A,B,C,D,E,K and complex Vitamin B.4.Nutriology (The science of nutrition) is the study of how food affects human body.Or: Nutriology is a science which deals with the study of how food affects the human body.61章节课件3.Vitamins are cl

35、assified acco5.It is thought that Vitamin C can improve short-term memory and even can “cure” schizophrenia.62章节课件5.It is thought that Vitamin C Unit Four1. Existence(Subsistence) depends on a continuous supply of food and oxygen .The former enters the human body through the digestive system while t

36、he latter through the respiratory system. 2. Sometimes the vessels of the liver or kidneys may contract , in which case the organ could shrink .63章节课件 Unit Fo3. One typical symptom of nephritis is edema which means abnormal accumulation of fluids in body tissues or body cavities. 4. The long- term d

37、amage to nephrons has finally made the kidneys completely lose their functions.5. When renal function is destroyed, the excretory speed of uric calcium slows down.64章节课件3. One typical symptom of neph Unit Six1. Although DNA dactyloscopy (fingerprint) was not used as a method of differential examinat

38、ion, it was used to find/seek hereditary marks for hereditary disorders. 2.If only a small number of a childs DNA strips tally with his mothers or his fathers, the childs parents are others, not those whose fingerprints have been examined. 65章节课件 Unit Six653. par.4 on P.394. So called viral transduc

39、tion is to insert the desired gene into a virus that would infect the afflicted tissue and use the virus to get the gene to its target cells with defective genes.5. The last sentence on page 41.66章节课件3. par.4 on P.3966章节课件 Unit Eight1.The heart , blood and vessels make up three important parts of th

40、e vascular system.2.The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.3. Capillaries are the small blood vessels which Join the arterioles to venules .67章节课件 4.Mild hypertension is limited by some specialists to the numbers /readings of diastolic pressures between 90 - 110 mmHg.5

41、. Before middle age a person with systolic pressure above 150 or diastolic pressure above 90 all the time should be considered as a hypertensive .68章节课件4.Mild hypertension is limited Unit Eleven1. Leukemia is characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes often with anemia and enlargement of

42、lymph nodes, spleen and liver. 2. At present the causes of leukemia is still unknown. The diagnosis can be made according to the examination of the peripheral blood and spinal cord.69章节课件 Unit Eleven69章节3. The changes of quality and quantity in the corresponding types of leukocytes may be found in t

43、he patients peripheral blood. 4. In the patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, their lymphocytes were suspected of being immuno-incompetent. So the patients are susceptible to infection with bacteria and may develop virulent reaction to viral infection.70章节课件3. The changes of quality and5. Leukemia may occur at any age but children and young people are more susceptible to acute lymphocytic leukemia than the elderly. Unit Twelve 1. High temperature (with much moisture) with (plus) high humidity is one of the mo