有机化学反应方程式小结

1、有机化学反应方程式小结一.取代反应1.CH4+Cl2-光CH3Cl+HCl2.C2H6+Cl2-光C2H5Cl+HCl3.C6H6+Br2FeC6H5Br+HBr4.C2H5OH+HBr-加热C2H5Br+H2O5.C6H6+HNO3-H2SO4水浴加热C6H5NO2+H2O6.C6H5Cl+H2O-NaOHCu,高温,加压C6H5OH+HCl7.C2H5Cl+H2ONaOHC2H5OH+HCl8.CH3COOC2H5+H2O稀硫酸,加热CH3COOH+C2H5OH9.(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOHC3H5(OH)3+3C17H35COOH10.2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3

2、CH2ONa+H211.2C6H5OH+2Na2C6H5ONa+H212.2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2(分子间脱水)C2H5OH+C2H5OH-浓H2SO4,140C2H5OC2H5+H2O二.加成反应13.CH2=CH2+H2Ni,加热CH3CH314.CH2=CH2+HCl-催化剂,加热CH3CH2Cl15.C2H2+H2-Ni,加热CH2=CH216.C2H2+2H2-Ni,加热CH3CH317.C2H2+2HCl-催化剂,加热CH3CHCl218.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2CH2=CH-CHBr-CH2Br19.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2CH2Br-

3、CH=CH-CH2Br20.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2Br2BrCH2-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br21.CH3CHO+H2NiCH3CH2OH22.CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+H2-NiCH2OH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH23.C6H6+3H2NiC6H12(环己烷)24.C6H6+3Cl2-光C6H6Cl625.CH2=CH2+H2O-H2SO4,加热,加压CH3CH2OH三.消去反应26.CH3CH2OH-浓H2SO4,170CH2=CH2+H2O27.CH3CH2Br+NaOH-醇,加热CH2=CH2+NaBr+H2O四.酯化反应(取代反应)28.CH3COOH+CH3

4、CH2OH-浓H2SO4,加热CH3COOC2H5+H2O29.C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3-浓H2SO4C3H5(ONO2)3+3H2O五.水解(卤代烃、酯、油脂的水解见上,亦是取代反应)30.CH3COONa+H2OCH3COOH+NaOH31.CH3CH2ONa+H2OCH3CH2OH+NaOH32.C6H5ONa+H2OC6H5OH+NaOH33.C17H35COONa+H2OC17H35COOH+NaOH34.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O-H2SO4,加热nC6H12O6六.氧化反应35.2C2H5OH+O2-Cu或Ag,加热2CH3CHO+2H2O36.C6H12O6+6O26

5、CO2+6H2O+热37.2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOH 38.CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3COONH4+2Ag+3NH3+H2O39.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2加热CH3COOH+Cu2O+2H2O40.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+2Ag+3NH3+H2O41.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2-加热CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O+2H2O42.HCOOH+2Ag(NH3)2OHNH4HCO3+2Ag+3NH3+H2O43.HCOOH+2Cu(OH)2加热CO2+Cu2O+3H2

6、O44.HCOONa+2Ag(NH3)2OHNaHCO3+4NH3+2Ag+H2O45.HCOONH4+2Ag(NH3)2OHNH4HCO3+2Ag+4NH3+H2O46.HCOOR+2Ag(NH3)2OHNH4OCOOR+2Ag+3NH3+H2O47.HCHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHHCOONH4+2Ag+3NH3+H2O48.HCHO+4Ag(NH3)2OHNH4HCO3+4Ag+7NH3+2H2O49.HCHO+4Cu(OH)2加热CO2+2Cu2O+5H2O七.还原反应50.CH3COCH3+H2-NiCH3CHOHCH360.HCHO+H2-NiCH3OH51.C6H5CH=CH2+4H2-NiC6H11CH2CH3八.加聚反应52.nCH2=C