动词的形式和分类

1、动词学案Name:Class：Name:.Teaching Aims:To learn the classifications of the verbs.To master their usage through cooperation and exploration.Teaching Procedures:一、动词的分类实义动词实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把实义动词分为 动词和动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为动词和动词。（1）及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。动词+宾语My brother is（fly）on the playgr

2、ound.动词+宾语+宾补The teacher made his students（happiness） by doing some games.翻译： We call English teacher Zhang Sir.注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。动词+双宾语My mother gives me a new bike.注意：有些间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）之后时，间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、 give、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、sho

3、w、teach、tell、throw、lend 等。Hand me that book, please.=Hand.有些间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）之后时，间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、 choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order 等。My mom bought me a nice backpack.=My mom.（2）不及物动词不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动 词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词！We arrivedthe station at five.H

4、e turnedthe light when he left.He takes pridedoing a job well.注意：有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、 drive、play、meet、win、study 等。The girl turned her head and smiled.这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。She turned and walked back to the classroom.她转过身走回教室。延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，如：live, stay, study, work, k

5、eep, teach等，可以和时间段连用。We have lived in China since 2001.You can keep this book for two weeks.（4）非延续性动词非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，如：buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, leave, come, catch等，不能和时间段连用。如果和时间段连用，就要用其他词代替。He has been here for five days.（arrive）The film has been on for ten minutes.（b

6、egin）常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、gobe away2、come-be here3、come backbe back4、leave-be away (be not here)5、 buy-have6、borrowkeep7、die-be dead8、begin-be on9、finishbe over10、 open-be open11、close-be closed12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow14、turn onbe on15、get up1be up16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in (.) 或 be

7、 a.member18、becomebe连系动词连系动词也称为系动词，连系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用， 构成系表结构，表示主语身份、性质、状态。You are a teacher, but not a good one.We feel very happy when we know it.英语经常用到的连系动词有：（1）状态连系动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份。（be）My father is very strong.（2）持续连系动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。（stay，remain，keep等）You must keep healthy. 表象连系动词：

8、用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。appear （看起来），seem （看似），look （看起 来）。Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 感官连系动词：feel （摸起来），taste （尝起来），smell （闻起来），sound （听起来）look （看起来）。The milk tastes a little sour. 转变或结果连系动词：become （变为），get （成为），grow （长得），turn （变得），go （变得）等。Our village is becoming more and more beautifu

9、l.3助动词助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语， 帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有:be, do，have，shall，will 等。例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week?Is your mother cooking？Dont be late for class next time.4情态动词情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表 示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can，may, must，need，would

10、，could，might，dare等。 使用情态动词要注意以下方面：含must的一般疑问句，肯定回答仍用must，否定回答则用neednt或dont have to,表示“不必”。 一般不能用mustnt，因为mustnt表示“不可以、禁止”，语气很强。Must I finish my homework now?No, you neednt.may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustnt。一May I smoke here?No, you mustnt.表示可能性或推测时，can多用于否定句或疑问句，cant表示“不可能”；may多用于陈述句，may not表示“可能不”；m

11、ust只用于肯定句，表示“一定、准是”。You may be right or may not be right.The news cant be true.She must be angry.need用作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示“需要”，也可以作实义动词，后跟名 词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must。You neednt come if you are busy.一Need I come tomorrow?我明天需要来吗？一No, you neednt. / Yes, you must.不，没必要。/ 是的，你必须来。He n

12、eeds to get some sleep.他需要睡一会。have to的意思接近must，但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性，常译 成“不得不“。have to可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。Do you have to leave now?你现在必须走了吗？You dont have to get up early.你没有必要早起。be able to表示具体的能力，与can用法相近，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to可用 更多的时态。was / were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只

13、表示过去具备某种能 力。The math problem was hard but I was able to work it out.这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。二、动词的形式动词原形动词原形就是词典中出现的动词原来的形式。例如：be (是)work (工作)，study (学习)，write (写)等。动词原形用法很多，经常在中考考查的用法有：在一般现在时中主语不是第三人称单数形式，其谓语动词接动词原形。例如：We often watch TV at home after supper.感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾语补足语。例如：Your words make me feel an

14、gry.在祈使句的开头用动词原形。例如：Come and buy your books at our book shop.在情态动词和do、will、would等助动词后用动词原形。例如：Can you swim across this river in an hour?Did everybody want to go there last Monday?常见的后面用动词原形的结构：Why not do sth.? = Why dont you do sth.?had better do sth.Let sb. do sth.help sb. do sth.Why not go there o

15、n foot?Youd better finish your homework before supper.Lets play volleyball after school ！第三人称单数形式动词的第三人称单数形式就是句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，并且谓语是一般现在时，谓语动 词应该用第三人称单数形式。例如：My sister often watches TV with us at home.动词的第三人称单数形式的构成：一般情况下在动词后加字母一s。例如：workworkswritewrites taketakes以字母s，x, ch， sh结尾或以字母o结尾的动词加-es。例如：watc

16、hwatchespasspassescatchcatchesdodoesgogoes以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把字母y变为i再加-es。例如：carrycarriestrytries现在分词动词的现在分词形式由动词原形+ing构成，一般和be动词连用构成现在进行时、过去进行时或 用作非谓语动词。例如：The girl is studying English at home now.I saw a boy lying on the ground.现在分词的构成:一般情况下直接加-ing。buybuyingdrinkdrinkingfindfinding以不发音的字母一e结尾的动词，去掉字母e加

17、-ing。taketakingcomecomingbecomebecoming以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ingositsitting stop stoppingbeginbeginning forgetforgetting 部分以ie结尾的单音节动词，先把ie变为y,然后加一ing。例如：diedyingtietyinglielying4过去式和过去分词动词的过去式主要用来构成一般过去时；过去分词是用来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语 态的，也可用作非谓语动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化如下：一般情况下直接加-ed。例如：workworke

18、dworkedhelphelpedhelped以不发音字母e结尾的动词，直接加字母-d。例如：livelivedlivedlikelikedliked以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把字母y变为i,再加-ed。例如：carrycarriedcarriedstudystudiedstudied trytriedtried以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此辅音字母，然后加-ed。例如：permitpermittedpermittedpreferpreferredpreferred不规则的变化参见课本最后一页不规则动词表。一、改错The sun raises in the east and

19、 sets down in the west.That kind of cakes is tasted very well.My little brother will can go to school next year.Look at that tall man. He maybe our new teacher.The little boy do his homework with his students in the classroom.My mot her doesnteoEarries some water for us.There are a lot of people wor

20、k on the hill.Why not coming here and watch TV with me?My brother said that he had already went to Beijing.It is said that the movie was wrote by his mother.高分秘籍过手训练Look! The rain. Lets go and play together.A. stopB. reachC. stopsD. reachesDo you know that piece of musicby your teacher?Really? Thats

21、 wonderful.A. is talkedB. is writtenC. seemsD. writesLook! The studentsa book under the tree.A. readingB. are readingC. lookingD. are lookingHis father oftenhim cry when he was young.A. lookedB. feltC. worriedD. madeWhen he heard the facts, his facered.A. knowsB. turnsC. fliesD. takesI saw a bagon t

22、he floor when I was on my way to school.A. lying B. lays C. lies D. laidThe boyhis hands again and wanted to ask a question.A. risesB. raisedC. raisesD. rose Must I finish reading the book today? No. Youif you have something else to do.A. mustntB. couldntC. cantD. dont have toThe heavy snowstorm mad

23、e the mountain climbershalfway.A. stopB. to stopC. stopping D. stoppedMy mother often tells me this kind of milka little sweet.A. looks B. tastes C. turns D. feels I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No, shebe there. Ive just been there.A. can tB. mustntC. needntD.

24、wouldntyou seen the movie Gone with the Wind? No, never.A. Do B. Can C. Have D. HasTV until you finish your homework.A. Dont watchB. Not watchC. Arent watchD. Didnt watchyou have a sports meeting next month?A. Do B. Will C. Are D. CanKelly cooked dinnerher parents while they were cleaning the yard.A. with B. for C. to D. insteadIt willyou about thirtee