动词和动词短语答题概略 讲义-2023届高考英语一轮复习

1、动i丽励潮酹答题概略义动词描述关键的事件和动作，是叙事表意的核心，在单句及语篇理解中都起着无可替 代的作用，因而分析一个句子时应首先明确其中的动词（谓语动词和非谓语动词）。在高考命题中，动词的各种形式一贯都是考查的重点，主要涉及动词和动词短语、情 态动词、动词的时态和语态、虚拟语气和非谓语动词等。下面是动词和动词短语在高考命 题中的主要考点。【考例1】One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north . Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher （灭火器）.Two

2、 good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire were put out.The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. . she thought the car was going to 54 .Once fire and emergency people arr

3、ived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work.41. A. walking B. touringC. traveling D. rushingA. got hold of B. preparedC. took charge of D. controlledA. came down B. came throughC. came in D. came overA. returned B. receivedC. made D. confirmed51. A. Starting B. ParkingC. Passing D. Appr

4、oaching54. A. explode B. slip awayC. fall apart D. crash56. A. stepped forward B. backed offC. moved on D. set out解析：41. Co开篇交代故事发生的时间、地点。Larry正驾车沿着I65号公路往北行驶， 故用 travel oAo当Larry注意到路边被毁的车下面窜出火苗时，靠边停车，拉好手刹，拿出灭 火器，开始灭火。get hold of意为“找至U (所需东西),拿着，握着，与语境相吻合。prepare 意为“准备”，与Larry停车、拉手刹的动作衔接不上，take char

5、ge of负责，掌管，control”控 制”均与语境不符。Do 49. Co这时候将车亮着大灯的人过来(come over)告诉Larry他已经打过急 救 。come down下降,降低，come through(重病后)康复”，come in进来,参与， 参加讨论，“打 ”是make a call。Do 根据“They 50 (then) heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked vehicle,听到女子的声音，于是他们靠近(approach)那辆车，看见一个女子正试图从破 碎的车窗爬出来。54. Ao那个女子“以为车要爆炸(explode)

6、slip away“悄然离开；fall apart破碎，崩溃；crash撞车，坠毁”均不符合题意。Bo当消防人员和急救人员赶到现场时，Larry和另外那个人便往后退(back off), 让他们去施救。step forward向前迈一步；move orT继续前进；set out出发均不符合题忌O【考例2】完形填空Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk. And theyve never actually 41 you. Everything th

7、ey know about you 42 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away . But her cold voice really _48 me. I sometimes wished to _49 another agent.One morning, I had to 50 an immediate flight home for a family emergency . The woman sitting at the desk, _52 my madness, sympathetically jumped

8、 up.A. accepted B. noticedC. heard D. metA. came B. moved C. ran D. developedA. annoyed B. interestedC. discouraged D. confusedA. promote B. train C. find D. knowA. arrange B. postponeC. confirm D. book52. A. expecting B. seeingC. testing D. avoiding解析:41. Do 根据“Hundreds of people have formed impres

9、sions of you through that little device （装置）on your desk.”及“Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met .n 可知，作者是说“他们事实上从未见过你”，应选D。42. Ao该句承接上文，意为“他们所了解的你的一切都是通过这个小小装置（ ）才 有的。此处come意为“发生，出现，应选A。48. Ao 49. Co第二段中“我”对这位旅行代理冷淡的声音很是不悦，因而有时希望另找 一位代理。50. D。“我”因家中急事需要立即预订机票回家。52. B。“我”这一次没有 联系，而是第一次跑进Rani的办公

10、室去面洽订票事宜，所 以才有Rani看到“我”着急上火的样子。【考例3】完形填空That meant 41 Miller King, .That season, I 46 all of Millers records while he 47 the home games from the bench.One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 50_ going over a fence . I 53 him move slowly over the fence.I was right to have 59

11、 him .41. A. cheering for B. beating outC. relying on D. staying withA. held B. brokeC. set D. triedA. reported B. judgedC. organized D. watched50. A. stuck B. hurtC. tired D. lost53. A. let B. helpedC. had D. noticed59. A. challenged B. curedC. invited D. admired解析：41. Bo要想成为校足球队的明星就意味着要打败（beat out

12、） Miller King这位 最出色的足球运发动。cheer for为 喝彩；rely on“依赖，信赖；stay with和 待在 一起”均不符合题意。46. Bo 47. Do那个赛季“我”打破了（break） Miller的所有记录，而他只能坐在运发动 休息区看（watch）主场比赛。50. Ao Miller失去右臂,因而很难翻过围栏。此处stuck为动词stick的-ed形式作saw 的宾语补足语，表示我看见Miller翻越围栏时被卡住了。句中going over a fence”作状 语。53. B。“我”帮助Miller慢慢地翻过了围栏，故用help。59. Do该句位于结尾局

13、部，呼应前文，表示“我钦佩（admire） Miller是对的”。二、动词和动词短语主要考点1 .动词的考点主要涉及连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词等基础语法知识。首先，应从 其词义入手学习动词的相关知识，将掌握动词的基本词义作为第一要务，然而，要在文章 中准确地敲定合适的措辞，最为关键的还是紧密结合文本语境，切忌断章取义。在完形填 空中，尤其要明确认识作者的措辞都是为中心服务的，命题者通常依据这一点设置干扰项。 有时将某一句话从文中抽取出来极有可能不止一个选项正确。学生只有将该空缺置于文章 当中，充分理解作者的行文逻辑，才能确定唯一答案。单句的考查也是如此。【考例 1 When the tim

14、e came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that my interest.A. limited B. reservedC. reflected D. spoiled解析：C。“that reflected my interest”为定语从句修饰“the one”，意即“反映我的兴趣的 课程”，根据文本语境可知选C。【考例 2 He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructiveadvice for a wor

15、thy cause.A. approach B. wrestleC. compromise D. communicate解析：c。根据文本语境“他不轻易妥协，但为了值得付出的事业他乐于接受任何建设 性的建议”，可知选compromise与accept相对应，连词but是理解的关键。其次，要理解动词的分类及用法。动词按其句法功能分为主动词和助动词（助动词在 时态和语态、情态动词中讲解）。大多数的主动词都是“两栖类”。下面从动词的分类讲解相 关的考查重点。理解连系动词。连系动词表示主语的性质、状态、身份等，有be, look, seem, appear, smell, sound, feel, k

16、eep, remain 等，或主语性质或状态的变化，有 become, get, grow, turn, prove, go等。其中大多数是“两栖类”，既可作连系动词也可作实义动词。These oranges taste nice.I5ve got a cold so I cant taste what Im eating.理解及物动词与不及物动词。不及物动词后面接介词或副词，变成动词短语后那么有可能是及物动词。大多数动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。Hes learning how to play the flute.The child is learning quickly.既可以接单宾

17、语也可以接双宾语。I need to buy some new clothes.Ends parents bought that new computer for him. They bought him that new computer.既可以接宾语也可以接复合宾语。I can5t find my cell phone.I find it difficult to learn English well.【考例】My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich .（短文改错）解析：句中dream作及物动词时只接that从句，不然那么是不及物动词

18、，如果接名词、 代词、动词-ing形式应在其后加上介词of/about,构成动词短语。2.动词短语即动词与其他词类（多为介词和副词）搭配所构成的固定词组。在选择题 中考查时多半出现相同的动词与不同的介词/副词搭配，或者相同的介词/副词与不同的动词 搭配，或动词和后面所接的介词/副词无一相同。复习过程中应特别巩固记忆高中阶段所学 的常用动词短语的含义。动词短语的常见搭配有以下三大类：动词+介词。如ask for”请求，征求，look into调查”，fall off”掉下来”等。此类动词 短语相当于及物动词，其后需接宾语。相似的结构如“动词（+宾语）+介词”“动词+名词+介 词（+宾语）”“动词

19、+反身代词+介词”也可以归入此类，如inform sb of sth告知某人某事”, take care of“照顾”，devote oneself to专心于，致力于”等。动词+副词。此类动词短语可以相当于及物动词，如call up“打 给某人”，也可以 相当于不及物动词，如come out“出版”。相当于及物动词时一，如果宾语是名词，那么宾语的 位置可以在动词短语中间，也可以在动词短语之后；但宾语为代词时，该代词只能位于动 词短语中间。He called up his travel agent. = He called his travel agent up.He called her u

20、p.动词+副词+介词。此类动词短语相当于及物动词，其后需接宾语。如put up with“忍 受，look forward to“期盼”，be fed up with“厌倦”，keep/catch up with“跟上,赶上”等。【考例 1 Many businesses started up by college students have thanks tothe comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen off B. taken offC. turned off D. left off解析：Bo 根据“thanks to th

21、e comfortable climate for business creation”可矢口，许多大学生创办的企业已经获得了成功，故用take off。【考例 2 Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion on the subject.A. gave voice to B. Kept an eye onC. turned a deaf ear to D. set foot on解析:Ao 根据“silent during the early part of the d

22、iscussion，以及连接前后分句的连 词but可知，Mary最终说出了自己的观点，give voice to意为“表达（想法等）考例 3 Tm going to advantage of this tour to explore the history of thecastle.A. put B. makeC. take D. give解析：C。此题考查take advantage of“利用”，故此题选Co【考例 4 I hate it when she calls me at work - Im always too busy to aconversation with her.A.

23、carry on B. break intoC. turn down D. cut off解析：A。“carry on a conversation”相当于“have a conversation”，应选 carry on进行， 继续做”。三、提优训练（一）选词填空The two things that your life are the people you meet and books you read.If you are a fruit groweror would like to become oneadvantage of Apple Day to see whafs around

24、.Lead poisoning has more difficult to deal with.If students administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinkingpattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.They have a different kind of superpower that all of us： the power to make

25、a difference in the lives of others.The team are working hard to the problem so that they can find the bestsolution.Dont worry. Tm sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or later.If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last wee

26、kend because he wastoo busy.See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt sense to buy thecheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.(二)语法填空Have you ever had trouble J (sleep) in a new place? Lots of people do. Researchers found that one-half of the brain remains 2 (wake) than the other