直接引语与间接引语1定义课件

1、直接引语和间接引语1.定义2.转换3.人称变化4.时态变化5.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化6.Exercises2.时态不变情况1.时态变化情况直接引语和间接引语1.定义2.转换3.人称变化4.时态变化5一、定义：引述某人的话一般采取两种形式：一是原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话语不放 在引号内，这叫做间接引语。直接引语一般前后加引号，间接引语不用 加引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。例如：Mr. Black said: “Im busy.” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）Mr. Black said that

2、 he was busy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）一、定义：引述某人的话一般采取两种形式：一是原封不动地引用原二、转换1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时， 用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“I will go to Beijing tomorrow,” said he.He said (that) he would go to Beijing the next day.2.一般疑问句 如果直接引语是一般疑问句 ，变为间接引语时，用if 或weather连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、

3、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“Is she from America?” he said to me.3.特殊疑问句 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用特殊疑问词连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“When will you go to Chongqing?” he said to me.He asked me when I would go to Chongqing.二、转换1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引4.祈使句 直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补

4、足语。原主句谓语动词say须改为ask, tell, order, 等含有祈使意义的及物动词，构成 ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.。例如：“Please sit down and have a rest.” she said to us.She asked us to sit down and have a rest. 她让我们坐下来歇会。The teacher said: “Be careful with your pronunciation.” 否定的祈使句在改为间接引语时，须在不定式to前加not。例如：“Dont make so much noise, ch

5、ildren!” she said. She told the children not to make so much noise.她叫孩子们别制造噪音。The teacher told us to be careful with our pronunciation.老师让我们注意发音。“Please sit down and have a re三、人称的变化：如果直接引语是第三者所说的话，或虽是自己所说的话，但听的人已经换了人，则人称要作相应的变化。如：He said: “ I will go to London by air”He said that he would go to Lon

6、don by air. 他说他要乘飞机去伦敦。I told him, “I dont agree with you.” I told him that I did not agree with him. 我告诉他我不赞同他。 “when will we go to Chongqing?”he said to her. He asked her when they would go to Chongqing.“You will come here tomorrow,” she said to me. She told me that I would go to there the next da

7、y.三、人称的变化：如果直接引语是第三者所说的话，或虽是自己所说四、时态的变化1.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如：直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时canmaymustshallwill间接引语一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时couldmighthad to; mustshouldwould四、时态的变化直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去例句：He said: “I am from America.” He said that he was from Amer

8、ica. 他说他来自美国。 He said: “ I am doing my homework.” He said that he was doing his homework. 他说他正在做家庭作业。 She said: “ I can manage it myself.” She said that she could manage it herself. 她说她可以自己做。 “I finished the work and Im tired,” he said. He said that he had finished the work and he was tired.他说他完成了这工

9、作，有点累了。例句：He said: “I am from Americaa主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变。如 He says, “ I have finished my homework.” He says that he has finished his homework. 他说他已经完成了家庭作业 She will say, “I will do it tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it tomorrow. 她会说她明天做。“Im from America and I like pop m

10、usic,” says Tom. Tom says that he is from America and he like pop music.2.时态不变的几种情况：a主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原 b.有几种情况时， 尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词 的时态也无须改变。 直接引语有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去 时，而不用改为过去完成时。如： He said, “I joined the Party in 1938. He said that he joined the Party in 1938. 他说他是1938年入的党。

11、 所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变。如： He said, “Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. 他说熟能生巧。 有些情态动词，如must，need，ought to等，无过去时，变间接 引语时，可以不变。如：He said, “All men must die.” He said that all men must die. 他说所有人都会死。 b.有几种情况时， 尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，五、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化，如 直接引语指示代词this thes

12、e时间状语nowtodaythis morningtonightagotomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaythree days agonext week地点状语here方向性动词bringcome间接引语thatthosethenthat daythat morningthat nightbeforethe next daythe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforethree days beforethe next weektheretakego五、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及

13、方向性动词的变化，如 例句：He said, “I saw a film yesterday and Ill see another next week.” He said that he had seen a film the day before and that he would see another the next week.他说他在前一天已经看过一场电影而且他下星期还要看另外一场电影。 “I met him three days ago and he brought these books to me.”Mary said to me. Mary told me she had

14、met him three days before and he had taken those Books to her.Mary告诉我她三天前见过他,他当时给了她这些书.例句：He said, “I saw a film yest六、Exercise:“I will go to America next year ,”she said to me.“Have you invited her to dinner tonight?” Tom said to me.“How much money did you pay for the driver?” Mary said to him.“Ple

15、ase close the door,” the teacher said to the student. He told me that he would go to America the next year. Tom asked me if I had invited her to dinner that night.Mary asked me how much money I had paid for the driver.The teacher asked the student to close the door.5. “What are you looking for?” I s

16、aid to her. I asked her what she was looking for.6. “Please go upstairs to bring me an umbrella,” he said to Jane. He asked Jane to go upstairs to take him an umbrella.六、Exercise: He told me that he7. “Arent you from Shanghai? “ I said to her.8. “I went to see a doctor last night,” he said to me.9.

17、”We are going to do our homework in your office,” he said to me.10. “How do you find his lecture?” He said to me.11. “This is my first time that I have come to China, “ he said.12. “Come and sit here,” he said to me. I asked her whether or not she was from Shanghai. He told me that he had gone to se

18、e a doctor the night before. He told me they were going to do their homework in my office.He asked me how I found his lecture.He said that that was his first time that he had come to ChinaHe asked me to go and sit there I asked her whether or no； / 天天看笑话 veg91whv 及伸手，就晕了过去。啊，真心烦，明明自己这么小心了，还是被什么黑衣杀手逮

19、到，我是死了还是死了还是死了？最好是穿越了回去吧！心里想着，刚能勉强睁开眼皮的眼睛却看到了模糊的两个身影，再定了定神看了一看，看出了左边那个是小琴。哎，原来我是单纯的晕了过去而已啊，也没回去出租屋，还好也没有被杀死，好吧，扯平了。小琴见我醒来了，连忙对我问道，“你没事吧？”听罢，我算是完全清醒过来了，发现自己躺在草地上，于是做起来回答道，“还好，应该没能死掉。”“这新来的家丁说话真让人听不懂。”突然一个陌生的声音*来。我先是愣了一愣，抬头向那人看去。丫，原来是个女人。看她的打扮，一身要去打架的装束，穿着布鞋，腰间上还配有一把剑，身上别的地方能简朴的都显得灰常简朴，要不是她扎起了马尾辫，头发上有那么一个发叉，我还真不能认出这是个女的，谁叫她的脸蛋一点女子气息都没透露出来，说是素颜那也实在是太素颜了。但是看着还挺养眼的，身材挺好的嘛，还以为全部女人要不是就是瘦的像一根骨头，要不就胖的