高考英语常用词汇辨析500例

1、A? about 系常用词, 如lookaround about 的基本意思, look about=look around, about正式, 如travelaround round around A? about 系常用词, 如lookaround about 的基本意思, look about=look around, about正式, 如travelaround round around 在非正式用法中可以互换, round 时更简练。在正式用语中,一般用 round 指“旋转”, 而用 around 指“处处”, “到处”, 如:SheturnedroundatsuchaIhaveb

2、eenlookingfor itall另外, round的地方听到这样的吵声她回头看。around, 如英?er comes round. ercomesaboveall；afterall；at? ButabovelmequicklywhatIhavetodoAclockmustaboveallkeepsgoodtime? Afterall，yourbirthdayisonly Heis，afterall，asmallchild他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all他终于失败了。 Areyougoing Ifyou I warprisedathiscomingatalla

3、dd;add to;addto;addup? add 作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词；作“又说，补充说”Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomemorehotwaterAfterashortwhile,he 的。? Addtwotoseven,andyouwillgetnine Allhisschooleducationaddeduptonoir;thing;matter; ?ir意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数irs一般指商复数 things 还可作“形势”解。 agreatdeal;agreatdeal Agreatdealha

4、sbeenstudiedandthisisthebestway（被认为）是最好Weareagreatdealnagreatdeal;agreatdeal Agreatdealhasbeenstudiedandthisisthebestway（被认为）是最好Weareagreatdealn Agreatdealoftimemoneyenergyhasbeenspentonthe ?agreeon；agreeto；agreetagree on 作“就取得一致意见”解。例如： The building of a new car factory was agreed on last ? 例如： Myf

5、atheragreedtobuyanewpenforme?Theyhavea greedtoourplanHeagreedwithmyopinionsWeagreedwithwhathesaidattheItyour?allow；let He allowed me to take his dictionary他允许我拿走他的词典。 Willyouallowmetouseyourbike?letallow互换。作“允许”解时，常暗 allow起走。注：allow常用于allowsbtodosthngsth?although;though;较常用；as 则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注

6、意：状语从句由although, though或asbutand, sohowever等并列连词，但可有 yet still 等副词。although though 常可互换。例如：AlthoughThoughhe YoungasthoughheisheknowsalotChildasthoughheishecanspeaktwoforeignlanguages Theysaidtheywouldcometheydidnotthough as though“好像(as if)even although 或as although。例如：Ive youareondutyeventhoughyour

7、e inplainclothes?nn例如：ThegirlwalkednherfatherandmotherSheisthetallestamongherclassmatess ?dispute , Iarguedwithherforalongtime,butsherefusedtolistento我和她辩论了好久, ?debate 着重“双方各述己见”, ?nn例如：ThegirlwalkednherfatherandmotherSheisthetallestamongherclassmatess ?dispute , Iarguedwithherforalongtime,butsheref

8、usedtolistento我和她辩论了好久, ?debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如Wehavebeendebatingaboutthe?dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如Whetherhewillbeelectedaschairmanisstilldisputed., ? Weheardthemheother另外，argue with 搭配，其后接人；与about ；和about 连用，其后接某事。例如： as(so)faras;as(so)long ( (Asfaras Iknow, n10millionlaid-offwo

9、rkershavefoundtheirnewjobsThereistwecantdoso aslongaswe keepontryingtoAsfarasthetourismofChinaisconcerned,thereisalongwayto ? 如不能说：anasleepbaby，但可以说：angbaby（一个熟睡的婴儿再如：Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarmsngbag?ngcar卧ain ain指在相反A. Despite all the mans questions t he had been at home B. Itisnonsenseto tsmok

10、ingdoesnotdamage healthCThroughouthisprisonsentenceDunnhasalways B.C.?asthough；even Hespokeasthough（asif）hehadbeenherebefore他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as if（as though）it is going to rain看起来好像要下雨。eventhough（evenif），意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从 说的是事实，even though 引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如：HewillnotHewillnotl

11、thesecreteventhough（evenif）heknowsitlthesecretthoughheknowsit?atthe ofStudentsusuallyhaveaHespokeasthough（asif）hehadbeenherebefore他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as if（as though）it is going to rain看起来好像要下雨。eventhough（evenif），意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从 说的是事实，even though 引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如：HewillnotHewi

12、llnotlthesecreteventhough（evenif）heknowsitlthesecretthoughheknowsit?atthe ofStudentsusuallyhaveastudyplanatthebeginningoftermhe beginning 相当于he beginning，someustook?erestinphysics。?attack 是常用词, 指他人, 如GermanybegantoattacktheSovietUnionin。assail 指, 如Theenemyplaneassailedour?assault 语气比 assail 强, 指突然猛烈

13、地进攻, 暗示 的意思, 如：Theenemyassaultedusatdawn.敌人在的直接接触如肉搏等), 也有charge 指冲击或, 如, Thecavalrychargedtothebeset 指 he sw, wewerebesetbymosquitoes. 在沼泽地里。?of ofsix，hebegantolearnEnglish。Shelearnedtoplayano Youwillhavelearnedn2000Englishwordsof ?atthe time;ttime;atone time;Manypeoplesawthestrangethinghappenatthe

14、timeWereyouinSanFranciscoatthetimeofthebigearthquake in he 17thcenturymuchcornwasibetandtingvery(Atthe17thcentury)thelandalongtheChangjiangRiveratoneriodofTheyusedtobegoodfriendsatonetime DontspeakallatonceOneTakethemedicinethreetimesadayandthre eat?at speed with , 等修饰时，介词应用wh。大a）：都（Dontspeakallaton

15、ceOneTakethemedicinethreetimesadayandthre eat?at speed with , 等修饰时，介词应用wh。大a）：都（all）以闪电般OurcarwasrunningllspeedontheTheLongMarchNo2tuptheospaceatthespeedof112kilometers ?since是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是because sinceasfor。because引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why 的提问时，必须用 becau

16、se 作答。? as since as 表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既Ashewasnotfeelingwell，Idecidedtogotherealone由于他身体欠佳，我决定独自去那里。 Since everyone is here，lets start既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。? for 引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，Theremustbeheclassroom，forthelight?ve I I 行动具有信心）和“信任（have trust nTheyI ve 和 I?v

17、e him（I beve what he says我相信他的话。 f 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿”, 如finfaith 或道理而完全相信”, 如Ihavefaithinhisabilityto , , enjoythetrustof theconfidence Shehasgreatconfidenceinher?AllofthemhaveseenthefilmexceptbutWuDongAllofthemhaveseenthefilmbesidesWuDongexcept后接名词、代词、ingbut互换；except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为 but 所替换。如：Ill

18、doeverythingTherearentanyeopletodotheworkAllofthemhaveseenthefilmbesidesWuDongexcept后接名词、代词、ingbut互换；except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为 but 所替换。如：IlldoeverythingTherearentanyeopletodothework?be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be be anxious to ； be anxious about ? be I theresultof thetknowtheresult

19、oftheMrLiutohelpuswithourMrLi a newThey arrivehomebefore (Key: amanxiousaboutfor are anxious to)are anxious are anxious is anxious for 1) The girl a new dictionary 2) All the students their results of examination3) Everyone know their results of the competition4)We MrZhaotoreturn5)We she shoulddoher

20、Key:1)wasisanxious2)areanxious3)isanxious4）areanxious5）aret?beknownas；be knownfor；be knownto； be known LiuHuanisknownasa GuilinisknownforherbeautifulmountainsandriversMrGeldofiswell-knownobigpopconcertsonthesame He is known to all in our village村子里的人都了解他。 HewasknowntohaveinventedmanythingsItwasknown

21、 thehadinventedHeiswell-?be made ofbe made inbe madefrombe madebybe made up ofbe madeofbe made in ? be made from 制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化? bemadeby表示“由制做bemadeupof表“由bemadein，bemadeof，bemadefrom，bemadeby或bemadeupofThisTheThe The Tianjin199 mytenThisr【Keyswasmadeinismadeof ；wasmadein ；ismadefrom；wasma

22、debyThisTheThe The Tianjin199 mytenThisr【Keyswasmadeinismadeof ；wasmadein ；ismadefrom；wasmadeby；ismadeupof? beusedforbeusedasbeusedby ? beusedfor ? ? be usedbybeusedfor，beusedas或beusedbybettercommunication（交流Liu Mingaknifebyhimtocuta pieceofThe Ar 【Keys】isusedfor；isusedby；is,used?bepleasedwith;beple

23、asedat(about);bepleased1)The manager you2) smust seeyouagainI seeingsomanystudentsIhear MrZhao your。 后面接指事的名词或vingispleasedat(about)?betodosth；beabouttodosth；be goingtodo Youretohandinyourrsby10oclock?IwasabouttogooutwhensomeoneknockedatthedoorbegoingtodosthWeregoingtospendourholidaysinWalesthisyear

24、Lookatthoseblackclouds,thereisgoingtobeastormbeat;strike;（? ?blame; He blamed Tom for the failureDontblameitonhim,Ihate toscold,son,butyou stayoutsolate?blowdown;blowin;blowoff;blowover Ihate toscold,son,butyou stayoutsolate?blowdown;blowin;blowoff;blowover 1)Thehighwindsyesterday thousandsoftrees2)

25、We sometimeshadquarrels,but they soon 3) I had my hat by the wind4) A lot of dust 2)blew3)blown4)hasblown?breakup;breakdown;breakout;o;breakin;breakaway;break ? 练Hesaidhiscomputer Thoseoldcarswillbe for scrap(废铁Lastnightsomebody MrBrownshouseandtookawaymanyAfire afterwe hadgoneTheboyoften whilehispa

26、rentsareYoumust frombadAftertheheavyhesun theAthief andstolea lotofthingslastTom themotorbikewhichheboughtfiveyearsTheicebeganto onthe(Key: hadbrokenbrokenobrokebreaksbreakbrokebrokebrokebreak?bringon；bringin；bringbringon 使发生；引起；端上（饭菜Tomoftenbringsonmealsandhisbrother，Jimpicksupthe dishesafter bring

27、in 。Wealsobroughtinsomewordsfrombringout He brought out his gun and poedatme他掏出枪来指着我。 Bring out the meaning more clearly请把意思讲清楚些。Theyhavebroughtoutasetofchildrensbooks?bringdown;bringback;bringup;bringin ? ? 1)Hersinging memoriesofmymother2)Theyalso somewordstheirownlanguages3)Thewind anumberof tree

28、s4)He allhe had eaten5)Canyoutrytogetthemto the price6)Alllibrarybooksmustbe beforeJune257)MrWhite 500k8)Youmusttheirownlanguages3)Thewind anumberof trees4)He allhe had eaten5)Canyoutrytogetthemto the price6)Alllibrarybooksmustbe beforeJune257)MrWhite 500k8)Youmustmanage to the temperatureKey: 1) br

29、ings 2) brought 3) brought brought broad;5)bring6)brought7)isbringing8)bring两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意， 但broad 着重某物覆盖面的范围 Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders wa mouth wide open.rprised with Hesa broad-;neverbeedbysucha ? Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidof。? howeverbut附带说明或衬托作

30、用。however 常以Later，however，he decided to go?by byo Ifyoucometomyhouse，IllcookforCanyoucook byyourself ?bysea；bythe? by sea by 表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式，by 与名词间不 TheywillgotoAmericabysea。There isa smallvillage bythe sea海边有个小村庄。byship byland by taxi byroad ?by a bythe bythe bythe catch ngsth； be(get)caughtincatch

31、mancaughttwomenheThemanwascaughtstealingtheapplesIgot Iwascaughtinastormonmywaytoschoolcareabout;carefor;care;caretocare about去那里，我无所谓。 ?Who will care for your children when you are away 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子？HowthePartycaresforWouldyoucareforawalk? He cares more for fine new 切。 n for anything elsecareIdontc

32、arewhoyouareI dont care what you say不论你说什么，我都不在乎。 ? Who will care for your children when you are away 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子？HowthePartycaresforWouldyoucareforawalk? He cares more for fine new 切。 n for anything elsecareIdontcarewhoyouareI dont care what you say不论你说什么，我都不在乎。 ? ?carryoff;carryaway;carryout Afte

33、rdestroyingthevillage,theenemycarriedIcarriedoffWewerecarriedawaybyher Wouldyoupleasecarryoutthecarryout;carryThegroupofsoldierscarriedoutasecretmilitaryactiontheComradesinGermanywerecarryingonaheroicfightagainstwarunderconditionso t timescism的。?cause;reason; Idontknowthecauseandeffect。Thecauseofthe

34、firewasTherearemanyreasonsforanimalsdyingout Ihaventdonetheworkwell，myexcuse tIhavebeenill? Wegreetedourguestsatthe the new ideas clearaway,clearup,clearoff?。? 1) We must such ideas among ourselves2) She her desk before she movedtoanother school3)The skylooksasifitwould soon4) I call 5) His face whe

35、n 1) We must such ideas among ourselves2) She her desk before she movedtoanother school3)The skylooksasifitwould soon4) I call 5) His face when he read the letterKey: 1) clear cleared3)clear 4)Clear5)cleared? 1) Iwentcloser,andsawclearlyatallhe2)Comeclose,Iwantlyousomething3)manfollowedthestrangeman

36、4)Thescientistsgotouchwiththecomeup;comeon;come The seedshaventcome Icanfeelaheadachecomingon?comeoutWhenwillhernewbookcome ？Theanswertothemathproblemcameoutwrong ?Haveyoufinishedyourwork 你的工作完成了吗？ complete一般用作及物动词，用法较正式，通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等，后面可接名词或代词，不接ing 或不定式。例如：Hesnevercompletedaproje

37、ctontime他从未按时完成过计划。 The bridge is not completed yet这座桥至今尚未完工。等意时，均用 finish。例如： commonordinary 如：Thisbookendedforeralreader,notforthe 如:thenormaltemperatureofthehuman 如：Comparethiscartone,andyouwillfindtheThissongcomparesourcountrytoabigfamilyLivingherecantcomparewithlivinginShanghaiIfyoucomparethetw

38、owords，youlthedifferencen Comparedtowithhim，youareItwasasmalltownthencomparedtowithwhatitisnow?erviewLivingherecantcomparewithlivinginShanghaiIfyoucomparethetwowords，youlthedifferencen Comparedtowithhim，youareItwasasmalltownthencomparedtowithwhatitisnow?erview 的宾语是事情； Reportersarethensenttocoverthee

39、vents事件。 erviewedfive country；nation； Chinaisagreatcountrye； Aftermanyyearsabroadhewantedtoreturntohiscountry在国外呆了多年后，他想回到自Somepartsofthiscountry(land)are much Thewholenationwasindeepsorrowatthisnews注意：在国际交往等正式场合，nation语体庄重，比country theUnitedNationsamostfavoredthelawofTradennationsismuchInourcountry

40、railwaysareThisismynativelandIlldefenditwithmylife?cross;across; TheyarecrossingtheriverTheidea hasjustcrossedmymind? Theypushedthecartacrossthebridge Theyare?cut off; cut up; cut through? ? 1)Thebuilding ourview2)Weare goingto theobuildaway here3) She the cake and gave eachof usa piece4) He flowers

41、fromthebushKey:1)cutoff 2)cut3)cut4)cut?daily;everyday;everydayeverydayeveryday。? everyday 常的”，在句中作定语。everyday Englishdaily English 日常英语；everyday lifedaily lifeeveryday（分开写）Hecomeshereevery dayHe comes here daily他每天来这儿。?damage;destroy;Thecarwasnotdamagedheaccident,butfivepeoplewereHerheartwaseveryda

42、yeveryday。? everyday 常的”，在句中作定语。everyday Englishdaily English 日常英语；everyday lifedaily lifeeveryday（分开写）Hecomeshereevery dayHe comes here daily他每天来这儿。?damage;destroy;Thecarwasnotdamagedheaccident,butfivepeoplewereHerheartwasslightlydamagedasaresultofherlongillness长期生病使Whattheysaidanddiddamagedtherela

43、tionsntheSmokinghasdamagedhishealth Theearthquakedidalotofdamagestothecitybig fire destroyed the whole house 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。The Nazi wanted to destroy peoples hopes, he end what was destroyed was the dream by theruin多用于借喻之中，有时泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。Mynewcoatis Therainwillru Iwasruined tlawcase;Ima

44、ruined 指dhumid 都含潮湿的湿, 使人感觉不舒服的, 如Idontlike wet 指含水分或其他液体的、湿的, 如: be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。指阴湿的, 如a darkandchillymoist指微湿的、湿润的, 常含不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的意思, 如Grassesweremoistwith?humid为正式用语, 常表示空气中湿度大的, 如heeast,theairishumidinsummer. day by day; day after day在东方, ? TheboyisgettingbetterdaybydayDayafterdaywen

45、tby,andstillnomessagearrived日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯。 I have to do the work day after day我得天天做这项工作。?dealwith;dowith;getrid with 常与 how 连用。练Iftheyare notcoming,wecan theHowdidWhatdidmattersofthisthebrokenMrZhangwrotea book lifeinWeshould hewith 常与 how 连用。练Iftheyare notcoming,wecan theHowdidWhatdidmattersofthis

46、thebrokenMrZhangwrotea book lifeinWeshould hedo(Key: getriddealgetrid? A. Thelecturer hisdiagramontheB. To hisarguments，heshowedusalotC. Thesefiguresclearly thesizeoftheeconomicproblemfacingtheAnswers：A.B.C.? ? Whoinvented ? WevedertheSouthTheyfinallyfoundaway? discover Wesoondiscoveredthe。1Edison t

47、heelectric2Ilostmynecklace lastnightIhavent it3Who ？4Canyou whattime the trainANSWER:4find 感”, 如: Hewasindisgraceafterhisungentlemanlybehavior. dishonor指“因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉”, 如Hisdesertiontotheenemywasadishonortohisshame指“由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻”, 。I think it a shame to be so wasteful. 我认为那样浪费太昭著”, 如:Hisnamew

48、illlive in, IranScandal E的被后, 所引起的批评)? 之后。ever 用来加强 before 的语气，before 有时可以省略。n 1Hewentin1969andhaslivedthere 2Theflowersgrowmoren 之后。ever 用来加强 before 的语气，before 有时可以省略。n 1Hewentin1969andhaslivedthere 2Theflowersgrowmoren 3Thecoupleliveda hardlife ANSWER:1.ever2ever3ever?exceptbut 如：Weallpassedtheexa

49、mexceptTom除了汤姆没及格外，exceptbut如：Heansweredallthequestionsexceptbutthelastone除最后一个问题没答外，其余问题Hehasalwaysbeeninhighspiritsexceptrecently除近来外，他总是精神饱满。（except后跟 如：There arentanyFeopletobeconsideredexceptbutyoufallalldown；fallo Thehousemovedandafewpicturesfelloffthewall，but tHehadfallenIwatchedallthe twereo

50、nthetablefalloffTheoldladyfell Thebooksfelloffthedeskontototheground oothe?fasten; ? , ?edon；feedto feedon WhatdidyoufeedtothebabyjustI feed the dog on meat festival，holiday，vacation? ?节? 日。后词意扩展，指一切不工作的日子。? vacation AThe Spring is the most important day in ChinaBWillyouspend?edon；feedto feedon What

51、didyoufeedtothebabyjustI feed the dog on meat festival，holiday，vacation? ?节? 日。后词意扩展，指一切不工作的日子。? vacation AThe Spring is the most important day in ChinaBWillyouspendyour abroadthisyear？CWhileImawayon ，MrSmithwilltakeovermyAnswers：A.?he end finallythe door? Wewaited andwaited，and finally they 等了又等（最后

52、）? lastlastthe in the end 用法有二：*表示经过若干周折或努力而“最后”发生了某事。例如： We experimentafter heendwe gota good harvest ofrice in未来（finally 无此用法He t his son will be a fine ? found 既是规则动词findfounded为动词found的 ?fit;befitfor;befit Iwillfitmynewhouse 。面接名词或-ing 形式。如：ThehewellisfitfordrinkingThemanisnotfitforhisoffice The

53、foodisnotfittoThegirliseasytogetangry，sosheisnotfittobeanurse forbid系常用词, Thedoctorforbidshimto不做某事”, 如ban 语气较重, ”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语如:Banatomicandnuclear和 ”, 如: Thesoldierswereprohibitedfromleavingafter? Thesoldierswereprohibitedfromleavingafter? a trousersafit 还可作“安装”解。it包括上衣coat和裙子?forforlike是介

54、词，意为“像1ManybooksonEnglishstudy，SchoolEnglisharepopularamongschool students2Somestudents，WangLin，likecountrymusicverymuch 3Im going to be a pop star Michael Jackson2for?forfor time at the beginning of the term? time beentothe GreatWall time I 。G?gatherround;gatherin;gatherup;gather gather in表示“收获 庄稼

55、练I her tshe isveryhappyThestudentsinourclass Mryour books and put them awaythewheatnowYoudbetter Thefarmers Allthe workers himandaskedhimwhatwaswrongwithhimat(Key: gathergatheraregathering?getaway(from);runaway 义有别：? 表示“逃”的动作或行为，含有动作快速而敏捷之意，多用于口语中；? flee d the cageHe ran awaygot d from the fireHe fl

56、ed (from) the burning house? get away from。如： Im afraid she cant get away from themeetinggiveup；givein；give outgiveupving 作宾语；也可作不及物动词；? give in 指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等，而按别人的要求去做，一般作不及物动词；? giveout意为“用完；耗尽；体力不支”，是不及物动词。例如：Thewindwasstrongandthewaveswere big，sohe hadtogive upattemptinghisattemptto swim the ch

57、annel风急浪高，他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half wayAsneitherofthetwosideswouldheagreementAfteralongjourney，mystrengthgaveoutandcouldntwalk?glance;stare;Thewindwasstrongandthewaveswere big，sohe hadtogive upattemptinghisattemptto swim the channel风急浪高，他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。All

58、 the girls finished the race except two who gave up half wayAsneitherofthetwosideswouldheagreementAfteralongjourney，mystrengthgaveoutandcouldntwalk?glance;stare;over 等才可以接宾语。如： 2)Sheglanceddownthelistofnames。 Shestaredathiminsurprise她惊讶地瞪着他看。 Hewasstaringouttothe sea ?goontodosth；go 但在含义上有所不同。goonto

59、dosth表示“接着做另一件事即接下去做与原来go ? thestudentswentontodotheexercisesThestudentsontalkingandlaughingallthewayAfterarest，wewentH tprovedtobemyun ng,forIsoongotbacktomyoldbadhabitofdozingoffinfrontof On the other hand, your stomach would turnatthe ideaof frying oesin animalfatnormallyacceptedanynorthern。She w

60、alked o the hall and at once t all the room doors were followinghergeneralhehadshutthembeforegoingcustom habit practice 的一切含义，此外，custom Dontbea slave toFrom the moment of his birth the customs o which he is born his experience convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词，它的含义为：固定的或公众一致承认的行事或They disregard l conventions