原穴、络穴、郄穴、募穴、俞穴、八脉交会穴、五输穴PointCategories

1、Meridian Theory &Point Location IThe Energetics of PointsPoint CategoriesSemester 1Tara L. Reed, AP第一页，共三十四页。Xue (sh-ye-uh) Acupuncture PointCave, CavityDen implying that something living is withinCharacter has 2 partsTOP: Roof, coveringBOTTOM: eight (treasures)8 Treasures: viscera, bowels, qi, bloo

2、d, sinew, vessels, bone, marrow第二页，共三十四页。Acupuncture PointMany are located on prominent depressions on the bodyQi gathers in these hollows第三页，共三十四页。Functions of Energetic Points:1. Diagnosis palpation and inspectionsExcess ConditionPainful on light palpationHard or swollenBlack and blueRedWill repel

3、 Dr.s QiDeficient ConditionPainful with only deep pressureSoft to the touchLacks resilienceSallow colorFeels like an empty holeMay feel like a magnet pulling the Dr. in第四页，共三十四页。Functions of Energetic Points:2. Manipulation of Qi & BloodPurge/Disperse Excess ConditionPurging is removal of stagnation

4、 of Qi and Blood directly from organDispersing is leading Qi and Blood stagnation out of tissue, or organ via the channelQi stagnation-dull, moving painBlood Stagnation-sharp pain, not movingTonify Deficient ConditionTonification is to increase the needed substance (Qi and Blood)Qi Gong Dr. will emi

5、t QiAP will choose points which help the body strengthenRegulatingCreate harmony or homeostasis (balance)Restore healthy function (in the case of diarrhea or constipation certain acupoints regulate no matter which condition is present)Select points with the function of balancing第五页，共三十四页。Functions o

6、f Energetic Points:3. Serve as Pathways for Elimination of DiseaseCentrifugal Flow (outward)On Exhale Energy is drawn outwardCentripetal Flow (inward)On inhalationEnergy is drawn inward第六页，共三十四页。Naming of PointsNamed according to location, energetic function or bothModernly we name according to asso

7、ciated meridian and give a number for its order along the meridian第七页，共三十四页。The 17 Point CategoriesJing WellYing SpringShu StreamJing RiverHe SeaYuan SourceLuo Connecting Xi CleftBack ShuFront MuHui MeetingConfluent Ma Dan-Yang Heavenly Star Points of the SeasWindow of Heaven (Sky)Sun Si Miao GhostM

8、eeting PointsThe 5Shu Points第八页，共三十四页。The 5 Shu PointsAlso called 5 Phase or 5 Element points, and also 5 Antique pointsOne of the most important point categoriesOne of the oldest approachesAll reside on 12 primariesAll are distal (elbow or knee distal)Correspond to 5 elementsOne point on each chann

9、el corresponds to the channels element and is called the Horary (same) pointNaming of these dates back to the Ling Shu (spiritual pivot)第九页，共三十四页。1. Jing Well Most DistalQi EmanatesLocated at tips of fingers and toes (Kidney is sole of foot)Yin WoodYang MetalFullness Below the heart (epigastrium)Cle

10、ar excess heat (not def. heat)Restore consciousnessTreat uppermost reaches of the channelDisorders of spiritTreatment:Bleed to reduce severe excess heatReduce to eliminate stagnant qiMoxa to Tonify yang and fire of an organ第十页，共三十四页。2. Ying SpringQi Glides or QuickensDistal to MCP,MTP 2nd from dista

11、l endYin FireYang WaterClear heat (excess or deficiency)For changes in color (of complexion)Disease of yang channelsDisease of Zang (combined with shu stream point)Treatment:Moxa ying spring of yin channels to strengthen deficient fire (mingmen)第十一页，共三十四页。3. Shu StreamQi Pours, Broadens or Cascades

12、like a serious of shallow step-like waterfallsProximal to MCP, MTPYin EarthYang WoodOn Yin meridians = same as Yuan Source PointsOn Yang Meridians it is the next point proximalDisorders of zang (combine with ying spring) Yang channel disorders (combine with ying spring)Shu stream of yin channels are

13、 primary for tonifying & harmonizing their respective zang and may be considered the single most important point of their respective channelHeaviness and pain of bodyDisease that attack intermittentlyTreatment:第十二页，共三十四页。4. Jing RiverQi Flows or deepensProximal to wrist/ankleYin MetalYang - FireCoug

14、h, dyspnea, chills and fever (use Jing Rivers of Yin channels- metal point)Disease manifesting as changes in patients voice (metal)Disease of sinews and bones (on yin channels) near wrist/ankleBecause of strength of flow at these points, they can help push external pathogens out quicklyTreatment:第十三

15、页，共三十四页。5. He SeaQi Enters Inward, Plunges DeeplyAt Elbow/KneeYin WaterYang - EarthCounterflow qi and diarrhea: nausea, belching, acid refluxDiseases of ST and disorders from irregular eatingDisease of the Fu there are 3 extra Lower He Sea points related to the Fu Organs of the armDisease of Skin (m

16、ainly He Sea of Yang channels)Treatment:Use to regulate organ Qi transformation (organ function)第十四页，共三十四页。The 5 Shu Points: how to utilize #1 & #2By functionclear heat choose jing well or ying springHeaviness/pain in body: shu stream5 Element TheoryST problem (ST is earth) choose earth pointsLung P

17、roblem (lung is metal) choose metal points第十五页，共三十四页。The 5 Shu Points: how to utilize #3According to 5 Element Theory (continued)Horary of diseased channelWhich organ is diseased?Choose horary of that channel.If excess, use a reducing technique: insert against flow of meridian, puncture on patients

18、inhale, turn counter-clockwise, etc.If deficient, Tonify the horary point by needling with flow, on exhale第十六页，共三十四页。The 5 Shu Points: how to utilize #4According to Mother/Child approach very commonly usedWhat element is the channel?According to 5 element cycle, the mother is the element just prior

19、to the one were considering; the child just afterIf we are clearing an excess, reduce the childIf we are tonifying a deficiency, tonify the mother 第十七页，共三十四页。The 5 Shu Points: how to utilize #5According to Mother/Child approach very commonly usedWhat element is the channel?According to 5 element cyc

20、le, the mother is the element just prior to the one were considering; the child just afterIf we are clearing an excess, reduce the childIf we are tonifying a deficiency, tonify the mother 第十八页，共三十四页。The 5 Shu Points: how to utilize #4 第十九页，共三十四页。Yuan Source PointsOn each primaryWhere the original qi

21、 surfaces and lingersDirect relationship with prenatal QiCan be used in evaluation by palpatingthey reflect the state of the prenatal Qi of each organTonify Yin and Yang organs (although the Yin channels whereas the Yang are more for expelling pathogenic factors)Most of the Yuan source points are ne

22、ar a palpable pulseCan be combined with Luo-connecting for Host/Guest pairing第二十页，共三十四页。Luo Connecting PointsThe point where the Luo-connecting channel diverges from the primary channel to connect to the internally/externally paired channelTreat disorders of their internally/externally related chann

23、els or Zang Fu- through the connection of the related channel i.e. LU-7 can treat H/A, pain in neck and nape, wind disorders which affect the head because of the connection to the LI channelTreating disorders in regions reached by the Luo-connecting channel.Treating psycho-emotional disordersTransfe

24、r of qi to deficient meridianTonify the deficient meridians Luo-connecting or sedating the excess of meridians Luo-connecting transfer of qi to deficient meridianTonify Yin organ and sedate Yang organOften used for superficial problems instead of internal problemsUsed in conjunction with Yuan-source

25、 for Host/Guest PairingCan be used to diagnose and treat channel problems based on fullness (pain, heat) or emptiness (stiffness, weakness).第二十一页，共三十四页。Host/Guest Pairing Yuan/Luo CombinationYuan-source point + Luo-connecting point of internal/external paired channelsOne Diseased Organ:Deficient Mer

26、idian: tonify the Yuan Source point and reduce the Luo Connecting point on its Yin/Yang paired meridianExcess Meridian: reduce the Yuan Source point and tonify the Luo Connecting point on its Yin/Yang paired meridianTwo Diseased OrgansFirst Diseased Channel Yuan Source point Second Diseased Channel

27、Luo Connecting point 第二十二页，共三十四页。Xi-Cleft PointsQi and blood (flows shallow from Jing Well) gather and plunge more deeply. Use for acute conditions and painXi-cleft points of the yin channels have an additional action of treating disorders of blood.There are 16 Xi-cleft points12 Primary ChannelsYin

28、Wei & Yang WeiYin Qiao and Yang QiaoFacilitate movement of Qi (relieve pain, eliminate swelling esp Yang)Stop bleeding by redirecting/normalizing qi flowXi-Cleft: crevice, hole or opening第二十三页，共三十四页。Back Shu Points12 Back Shu, correspond to 12 Zang FuLie on the Bladder Channel 1.5 cun line bilateral

29、 to spineShu = transportNamed according to Zang FU + ShuLiver Shu Gan Shu Qi of Liver is transported from this point to the Liver organSmall Intestine Shu - Xiao Chang Shu Qi of Sm. Intestine is transported from this point to the Small Intestine organThe back-shu points lie at roughly the same anato

30、mical level as their related zang or fu,Affects the internal organ directly instead of through the channelTonify the Yin Organs, warm the internal organs, chronic disease, affects sense organsUsed for diagnosis (tenderness on pressure)第二十四页，共三十四页。Front Mu Points12 front-mu pointsOn chest or abdomen

31、near their respective zang or fuAll anterior except Jingmen GB-25 which lies at the free end of the twelfth ribOf the twelve points, only 3 lie on the channel corresponding to their related zang or fu (LU, LV and GB)Mu = gather or collect where the qi of the zang fu gathers on anterior the bodyBest

32、for treating the Fu organs, because they are located on the Yin portion of the bodyUsed more for acute diseases, to clear heatUsed for diagnosis (tenderness)Can be combined with Back-shu to strengthen effects第二十五页，共三十四页。第二十六页，共三十四页。Hui Meeting Points (Influential Points)Zang- Tonify SP, all, Zang an

33、d the body as a whole LV13Fu- Transform & distribute essence of food and drink through body Ren12Qi- LU function: dominating Qi & controlling respiration and speech) Ren17Heart Fx (governing the blood and blood vessels) Blood- disorders of blood (heat, stasis or deficiency) BL17Sinew- influence sine

34、w of the body (stiffness and tightness) GB34Vessel- harmonize the relationship between the gathering (Zong) qi and the blood flowing in the vessels LU9Bone- various bone diseases and rigidity, Bone Bi BL11Marrow- benefits sinew and bones (weakness, flaccidity, contraction and pain of the limbs) GB39

35、第二十七页，共三十四页。8 Confluent Points of Extraordinary VesselsActivate their respected extraordinary channelUsed according to the Ode of the Obstructed River- which discuses application of eight confluent points to specific symptomsNormally used as pair i.e. Ren and Yin Qiao: LU7 and Kid6第二十八页，共三十四页。12 Hea

36、venly Star Points of Ma Dan YangMost important points of the body capable of treating most disease and all parts of the bodyHeart 5Lung 7Gallbladder 30Stomach 36Liver 3Stomach 44Large Intestine 11Large Intestine 4Gallbladder 34Bladder 40Bladder 57Bladder 60第二十九页，共三十四页。Four and Six Command PointsCons

37、idered the four most useful and important of all the pointsZusanli ST-36 for disorders of the abdomen.Weizhong BL-40 for disorders of the lumbar region and back.Lieque LU-7 for disorders of the head and nape.Hegu L.1.-4 for disorders of the face and mouthTwo more were added to make it 6 Neiguan P-6

38、for disorders of the chest and lateral costal regionRenzhong DU-26 for resuscitation第三十页，共三十四页。Points of the 4 SeasThe Spiritual Pivot describes four seas in the human body. This ancient classification gives symptoms of disorder of the four seas Sea of water and grain (food) excess-abdominal fullnes

39、s. Def- hunger w/o desire to eatSea of Qi- Excess- feeling of fullness in chest, breathlessness, red face. Def- SOB, no desire to speakSea of blood- Excess- feeling of the body getting larger, a sense of being unwell while not being able to pinpoint why. Def- felling of the body getting smaller, one feels reduced but does not know whySea of marrow- Full of vigor, great physical strength. Def- dizziness, tinnitus, weak legs, blurred vision, desire to lie down第三十一页，共三十四页。Window of Heaven Points (Window of Sky)All but 2 are on the neckRegulate the ascending and descending of