2022年天津职称英语考试真题卷四

1、2022年天津职称英语考试真题卷四（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）单位：姓名：考号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最 佳选项。6第一篇小B|Political Spins/BLast week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journal ists digging for thei r dictionaries. He cal led recent

2、criticism by the former President Bill Cl inton . nchutzpahn （大胆放肆）.With just one sentence, Snow managed to make head I i nes, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how batt Ies are fought and won in US pol itics - with careful ly-worded one-1 iners （一行字幕新闻）made fo

3、r TV which often lack substance and clarity （清晰度）.The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to peopIe is actually gett i ng smalI er and smaller,“ said Mark Smith, a political science professor at CedarviI Ie University. This has been accompanied by a changing media envi ronme

4、nt, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio soundbite （演讲中的句子或短语）was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average soundbite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians want i ng pub Iicity try to make thei r pub Iic communication as quotable as possible.Campaigning pol iticians also use

5、30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Repub I ican presidential cand i date John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the Straight-Talk Express. McCain hopes the name wiI I convinee voters he plans to tel I peopIe the truth - whether it s in fashion or not. D

6、emocrat ic pres ident ia I candidate Hi I lary Cl inton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign sIogan ”Let the conversation begin11. She hopes it wi I I help her appear open-minded and friendly.But one-1iners, TV ads and campaign sIogans al I have a single key ingredient: someth i ng common I y

7、 ca I I ed po I i t i ca I spin”. Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the currant director of the non-partisan （无 党派的）website FactCheck. org, calls spin just a polite word for decept i on （欺骗）.M“I do be Ii eve that very often politicians be Ii eve thei r own spin,“ said Jackson.Strong partisans

8、suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong. ” Which statement is NOT true of one_1inersThey are unclearThey contain a lot of informationThey lack substanceThey a

9、re carefully constructedB第三篇/BBCenters of the Great European Cities/BThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. PeopIe gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the n i ght. A m i xture of I oca I s and tour i sts make for an exc it ingt metropo I i tan （大都市的）at

10、mosphere.Squares, plazas （广场）and arcades （拱廊）form the heart of Europe1 s cities.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautifuI square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stal Is sei I ing al I kinds of go

11、ods. London1 s Covent Garden is f i I led with fruit and vegetabIe sta11s by day and musicians, acrobats （杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buiIdings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautifuI backdrop （背景）to the coffee tables that

12、 I ine the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant （有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, soc i a I historian Joel Garreau told US News and WorId Report recently. The reason peopIe think Venice is so great today is you don, t see al I the mistakes, r said Garreau, Those ha

13、ve al I been removed.” Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people1 s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans1 I ife has moved away from the centers. They I ive in the suburbs and outski rts, dr iving to supermarkets to get

14、 thei r suppI ies. But on a cont i nent where peop I e treasure convent i on, there are still those who ho I d onto trad i t i ona I ways, I i ving and shopp i ng I oca 11 y. These peop I e, together with tour i sts, provide the city centers with thei r reason for existence.Coffee cu I ture p I ays

15、a part i n keep i ng these c i ty centers f I our i sh i ng. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversat i onaIi sts. This skill is deveI oped over many hours spent chatting over espressos （浓咖臼E） and cigarettes.Rei igion also plays a role in developing sociabl

16、e atmosphere. PeopIe in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an a I most daily bas i s. Ent i re commun it ies wou Id gather i n the same bui I di ng and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous examp Ie of this relationship between church

17、and soc i ety is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by baker ies and coffee shops, and caters (迎合)not only to the tourist crowds, but a I so the local community.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe A. has many large squareshas ma

18、ny very magnificent sky-scrapersdraws tourists in large numbers every yearhas a center where tourists meet their spouses下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。BHow Two Great Conf Ii cts He I ped to Change Europe/BNinety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France, something happened that changed Brita

19、in and Europe for ever. At half past seven on the morning of July 1,1916, wh i st Ies (哨子)blew and thousands of British soldiers left thei r positions to attack thei r German enemies. By the end of the day, 20, 000 of them were dead, and another 30, 000 wounded or missing. The Batt Ie of the Somme,

20、U (51)/U it is called,lasted for six months. When it ended, 125, 000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of ground.This was one of a series of great batt Ies during WWI. The attack on the Somme was staged to re Iieve U (52)/U on the French, whowere engaged in a great batt Ie

21、of thei r own at a place cal led Verdun. By the time the batt Ie ended, over a million French and German troops had been killed.About 17 mi I I ion peopIe were killed in WWI. There have been wars with greater numbers of dead. But there has never been one in U (53)H/Umost of the dead were concentrate

22、d in such a smalI area. On the Somme battlefield, two men died for every meter of space.Local farmers working in the land still U (54)/U the bodiesof those who died in that batt Ie. The dead of al I nat i ons were bur ied in a series of giant graveyards along the I ine of the border U (55) /U France

23、 and Belgium. Relatives and descendants (子孙)of those who died sti I I visit these graveyards today. What the French caI I the ntour ism of death U (56)/U an important contribution to the localeconomy.It took a second great conf I ict before Europe was to turn U (57) /U war itself. Twenty-eight years

24、 after the Somme battle, a I iberating army of British, American and Canadian troops took back U (58)/U from another German invasion. More than 500, 000 peopIe werekilled. New U (59)/U were buiIt.Two great conf Iicts across two generations he I ped to change the European mind about war. Germany, onc

25、e the most war I ike country in Europe, is now probably more in U (60)/U of peace than any other. Onemajor cause of war in Europe was rivalry (竞争)between France and Germany. The European Un ion was spec if ical ly formed to end that U (61)/U.According to US commentator William Pfaff, Europeans are i

26、nterested i n a s I ow deve I opment of c i v i I i zed and to I erant i nternat i ona I re I at i ons, U (62)/U on problems while avoiding catastrophes (灾难)alongthe way. They have themselves only recently U (63)H/U from thecatastrophes of WWI and WWI I f when tens of mill ions of peop I e were dest

27、royed. They don t want U (64)/U.The last British veteran of the Somme battle died in 2005, aged 108.And WWI is passing out of memory and into history. But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans U (65)/U, it is stillimportant to know a IittIe about the terrible events of July 1, 1916.sinceb

28、ecauseas D. for4 HB第二篇/BBA Tale of Scottish Rural Life/BLewi s Grass ic Gibbon, s Sunset Song (1932) was voted the best Scott i sh novel of al I t i meM by Scot land * s reading pub I ic in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the I i ves of Scot landf s poor rural

29、farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.The novel is set on the f ictionaI estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I . At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and

30、a little outside it.Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detai led and intimate account of the I ife of his heroine (女主人公).We watch her grow through a chi Idhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father; exper ience tragedy (her mother * s suicide and murder of her twin chi Idren) ; and learn abou

31、t her feel ings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry aga i n. Chr is has seemed so convincing a figure to some f ema I e readers that they cannot be Iieve that she is the creation of a man.But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just aboutChris. I

32、t is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tel Is of Ki nradd i es I ong h i story, in a I anguage that i m i tates the p I ace s changing patterns of speech and wr iting.The story itself i s amaz i ng Iy fulI of characters and incidents, It is told from Chris point of view bu

33、t also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else s business and noth i ng i s ever forgotten.Sunset Song has a soc i a I theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural Iife first by moderniza

34、tion and then by WorId War I . Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war f inal ly ki I Is Ewan, but not in the way his widow i

35、s told. In fact, the Germans arenJ t responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.If the novel is about the end of one way of I ife it also looks ahead. It is a Sunset SongH but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new Eu

36、ropean wor Id. Grassic G i bbon went on to pub I ish two other noveIs about the place that continue its story.Which statement is NOT true of ChrisShe is the heroine of Sunset SongShe had a miserable childhoodShe is the creation of a manShe married only once5.下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果 该句提供的

37、是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如 果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。BPetitions/BPetitions have long been a part of British political Iife. Anyone who wanted to change something would get a I ist of signatures from peopIe who agreed to the idea and either send them to the government or de I i ver them personally to the

38、 Prime Minister s house in London.They are always accepted at the door by one of the PM s officials. What happens then Nothing much, usuaI ly. But petitions have always been thought of as a useful way for those who govern to find out what the peopIe really think.That s why the UK government launched

39、 its e-petitionn site in November 2006. Instead of physically co 11ect i ng signatures, a 11 anyone with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal on the government website, and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature.The petitions soon started to flow in. The idea was for

40、 the Br it ish peopIe to express their constructive ideas. Many chose instead to express the i r sense of humor.One petitioner cal led on Tony Blair to 11 stop the Deputy Prime Minister eat i ng so much”. Another wanted to expel （驱逐）Scot I and from the United Kingdom because Scottish footbaI I fans

41、never support England in the World Cup.Other petitioners cal led on the Prime Minister to abol ish the monarchy. Some wanted to give it more power. Some wanted to oppose the United States. Others wanted to leave the European Union. Some wanted to send more troops to Iraq and others wanted them al I

42、brought home. Some wanted to adopt the euro （欧元） Others wanted to keep the pound.Yet if some petitions are not serious, others present a di rect chaI Ienge to government pol icy. A petition cal I ing on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads has al ready drawn around 1.8 mill

43、ion signatures. In response to that, a rival petition has been posted in support of road pricing. And that is also rapidly growing.There are about 60 mi I I ion people in Britain, so it is understandable that the government wants to find out what peopIe are thinking. But the prob lem with the e-pet

44、it ion site seems to be that the British peop Ie have about 70 million opinions, and want the Prime Minister to hear al I of them. Perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to just shut up for a while.No other governments have launched thei r e-pet it ion sites.RightWrongNot mentioned下面有3篇短文

45、，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最 佳选项。伯）第一篇（别BPolitical Spins/BLast week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journal ists digging for thei r dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill CI i nton . chutzpah（大胆放肆）.With just one sentence, Snow managed to make head I i nesf a jo

46、ke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how batt Ies are fought and won in US pol itics 一 with careful ly-worded one-1 iners （一行字幕新闻）made for TV which often lack substance and clarity （清晰度）.The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to peopIe is act

47、ually gett i ng smalI er and smaller,“ said Mark Smith, a political science professor at CedarviI Ie University. This has been accompanied by a changing media envi ronment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio soundbite （演讲中的句子或短语）was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average soun

48、dbite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians want i ng pub Iicity try to make thei r pub Iic communication as quotabIe as possible.Campaigning pol iticians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost thei r messages. Repub I ican presidential candidate John McCain rides to cam

49、paign stops in a bus named the Straight-Talk Express. McCain hopes the name wiI I convinee voters he plans to tel I peopIe the truth - whether it s in fashion or not. Democrat i c pres i dent i a I candidate Hi Ilary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign sIogan Let the conversation beg

50、in11. She hopes it wi I I help her appear open-minded and friendly.But one-1iners, TV ads and campaign sIogans al I have a single key ingredient: someth i ng common I y ca I I ed po I i t i ca I spin. Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the currant director of the non-partisan （无 党 派的）website Fa

51、ctCheck. orgr calls spin M just a pol i te word for decept i on （欺骗）.”HI do be Ii eve that very often politicians be Ii eve thei r own spin,“ said Jackson.HStrong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of havin

52、g to change their minds and admit that they were wrong. ” What changed from 1968 to 1996 A. Publicity B. Information C. CommunicationD. The average soundbite下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果 该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如 果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。B Petitions/BPetitions have long been a part of Briti

53、sh political Iife. Anyone who wanted to change something would get a I ist of signatures from peopIe who agreed to the idea and either send them to the government or del iver them personally to the Pr ime Minister1 s house in London.They are always accepted at the door by one of the PM s officials.

54、What happens then Nothing much, usual ly. But petitions have always been thought of as a useful way for those who govern to f ind out what the peopIe really think.That s why the UK government launched its ne-petitionM site in November 2006. Instead of phys i ca11y collect i ng signatures, al I anyon

55、e with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal on the government website, and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature.The petitions soon started to flow in. The idea was for the British peopIe to express their constructive ideas. Many chose instead to express their sense

56、 of humor.One petitioner cal led on Tony Blair to stop the Deputy Prime Minister eat i ng so much . Another wanted to expel （驱逐）Scot I and from the United Kingdom because Scottish footba11 fans never support England in the World Cup.Other petitioners cal led on the Prime Minister to abol ish the mon

57、archy. Some wanted to give it more power. Some wanted to oppose the United States. Others wanted to leave the European Union. Some wanted to send more troops to Iraq and others wanted them al I brought home. Some wanted to adopt the euro （欧元） Others wanted to keep the pound.Yet if some pet i t i ons

58、 are not serious, others present a di rect chaI Ienge to government pol icy. A petition caI I ing on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads has al ready drawn around 1.8 million signatures. In response to that, a rival petition has been posted in support of road pricing. And

59、that is also rapidly growing.There are about 60 mi I I ion people in Britain, so it is understandable that the government wants to find out what peopIe are thinking. But the prob lem with the e-pet it ion site seems to be that the British peop I e have about 70 million opinions, and want the Prime M

60、inister to hear al I of them. Perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to just shut up for a while.Al I petitions are serious.RightWrongNot mentioned8.B第三篇/BBCenters of the Great European Cities/BThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. PeopIe gather there