高中英语名词讲解练习2

1、名词一、名的分出名主假如指人名、地名或某人或事物的名称，如Beijing，China等。一般名是一人或西或是一个抽象观点的名，如：book，sadness等。出名抽象名不行数名词物质名词一般名集体名词个体名词可数名词个体名和集体名能够用数量来算，称可数名（CountableNouns），物名和抽象名一般没法用数量算，称不行数名（UncountableNouns）。ProperNouns：指人名、地名及某些人和事物有的名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYearsDay注意：出名的第一个字母要大写CommonNouns：一人或西或是一个抽象观点

2、的名IndividualNouns:指作个体而存在的人或西能够指详细的人或物。Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments也可指抽象西。Eg:ayear;fairytales;adreamCollectiveNouns:表示若干个个体成的会合体Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名有作数对待，有作复数看。一般来，整体作数看，突出它的成作复数看。Hisfamily_notlarge.Hisfamily_allmusiclovers.有少量集体名往常用作数。Eg:Thegangisbeinghuntedby

3、thepolice.OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个集体名多作复数对待。Eg:Thepolicearelookingforhim.3.MaterialNouns:指没法分个体的物。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来，物名是不行数的，因此没有复数形式。但有一些特别状况：1)有些物名可用作可数名，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg:Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份)Threebeers,please.(三杯)Itwasaspeci

4、altea.(一种)2)个物名的复数形式能够表示特的意。Eg:rains（雨季）sands（沙）snows(雪)waters(海疆)4.AbstractNouns:表示作、状、品、感情等抽象观点Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.多半状况下，种名常用于数形式，不加任何冠。Eg:HeslearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.抽象名化可数名。1Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失与成功在此抽象观点)Asateacher,sheisas

5、uccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshedevoteslittletimetolookingafterherchild.(成功者，失者，可数)二、名的数不行数名一般没有复数之分，它包含抽象名、物名和出名。比如：health,advice,glass,wood,English,America不行数名作主，用数形式。可数名有、复数之分。可数名的复数形式有以下几种：状况加法例一般状况加-sbrothers;schools以s,x,ch,sh,尾的加-esbuses;watches;dishes以音y尾的去y加-iesladies;countries以f或

6、fe尾的把f/fe改成veshalves;leavesNotes:1.stomach-stomachs2.以元音+y或以出名+y尾的名，直接在尾加-s.Eg:boys;toys;Henrys以-o尾的名+es在本中出的有hero,potato,tomato；其他以-o尾的+s:(photo,piano,radio,bamboo,zoo)4:以f/fe尾只加-s的：proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefshandkerchief（手帕，手）的复数形式二者都能够。不化：内部元音：foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,

7、mouse-mice,man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen尾加-en或ren：ox-oxen,child-childrenouseice：mouse-mice;louse-lice（虱子）有些外来的不复数形式：Eg:analysis-analyses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crisescriterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media复数同样的状况：sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese以及

8、由音表示胸怀衡、等位的名。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu只有复数形式的状况：trousers(子);glasses(眼);compasses()apairofthanks;clothes;remains;goods;people;cattle“某国人”的复数形式：?、复数同样Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,?尾加-sAfricans,Asians,Canadians,Australians,Italians,?manmenEnglishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen但：German-Germans复合名的复数形式：1.一般将主

9、体名复数。father-in-lawfathers-in-law,passer-bypassers-by,looker-onlookers-on,editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief2.无主体名的在尾加复数。如：grown-ups,good-for-nothings（无用的人），go-betweens（中人），look-outs（守望者）3.由man,woman,组成的复合名将前后两个都成复数。men-doctors,women-drivers,women-singers?boyfriends,girlfriends,boystudents,girlstudents2

10、有些名词能够兼作可数名词和不行数名词。beauty(美，美貌)-abeauty(一个佳人/物)danger(危险)adanger(一件危险的事/人)failure(失败)afailure(一件失败的事/人)honour(荣耀)anhonour(带来荣誉的/或事)pity(遗憾)apity(一件惋惜的事)success(成功)asuccess(一件成功的事/人)surprise(诧异)asurprise(一件令人惊讶的事)pleasure(乐趣)apleasure(一件风趣的事)worry(担忧)aworry(一件令人担忧的事)experience(经验)anexperience(一次经历)se

11、rvice(服务)aservice(一个服务机构)英语中有很多对词，一个可数，一个不行数。apoem(一首诗)poetry(诗歌总称)amachine(一台机器)machinery(机器总称)ajob(一件工作)work(工作)alaugh(一个笑声)laughter(笑声)apermit(同意证)permission(同意)agarment(一件衣裳)clothing(衣裳总称)abag(case)(一件行李)luggage,baggage(行李)aloaf(一只面包)bread(面包)ahair(一根头发)hair(头发)几个名词的特别用法1.hairHishairiswhite.（他的头

12、发是白的。）Hehasafewgreyhairs.（他有几根白的头发。）2.fruitThefruitissweet.Helikespears,peaches,grapesandotherfruits.3.policeThepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.dozen,scoretwo(many,several)dozenpencilsthreedozenofthem/thesepencilsdozensofstudentstwoscoreofstudentsscoresofpeopleword（信息，通知）,man（人类），前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式，谓语用

13、单数。三、名词的格英语中的名词（代词）有三个格：主格、宾格、全部格。全部格表示所相关系，修饰另一名词，作定语，它有两种形式：一种是由名词词尾加s组成，另一种是由介词of加名词组成，前者多用来表示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无生命的东西。全部格的形式：1.一般的名词全部格在后边加s：Marysbook2.以s结尾的复数名词全部格在后边仅加：TeachersDay,thestudents-roomreading3.以s结尾的专出名词全部格：Engelssworks或Engelsworks4.复合名词的全部格是在其词尾加s：hismother-in-lawsphototheeditor-in-chi

14、efsopinion35.假如同样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词后加s,假如是分别全部，则两个名词后都要加s：TomandMarrysfather,TomsandMarrysfathers6.在表示“某人家”、“商铺”的全部格时，一般省略它所修饰的名词：atthedoctors,atthebarbers,atMr.Greens,atthetailors7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、集体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也能够加s来构成全部格：todaysnewspapertenminuteswalkChinasindustrythestationswaiting-roomtheearthss

15、urfaceadollarsworth凡不可以加s组成全部格的名词，都能够与of结成短语，来表示全部格关系。就是有生命的东西的名词也可这样，特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时：thedoorofourclassroomDoyouknowthenameofthegirlstandingatthegate?在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常使用两重全部格，即“of词组+全部格”构造。这类构造带有必定的感情色彩，表示赞叹、憎恶等。afriendofhermothersafewfriendsofTomsthatbookofTomsseveralclassmatesofhis一个名词

16、全部格所修饰的词，假如前面已经提到，常常能够省略，防止前后重复。如：Thisisnotmypen,butMarys.名词原形直接作定语（不表示所相关系）roomnumbercoffeecupshoefactorygeographylessoncolourfilmtoothbrushpowerplantwelcomepartyhearttroublefoodindustryappletreephysicsteacher但：有的名词习惯于用复数作定语parentsmeeting(家长会)goodstrain(货车)salesdepartment(销售部)sportsmeet(运动会)名词全部格(T

17、hePossessiveCaseofNouns)somepatterns:1.Illtaketheriskforfriendship为了友情)ssake.(2.Shewasatherwit（s黔end驴技.穷）3.Nowtheycouldsingattheirheart（尽s情content地）.4.Weshouldgetthechildrenoutofharm（不受损s害way）.5.Wehadbestkeepthematarms（length保持.距离）6.Forgoodnesssake,toparguing.（看在上帝的份上）7.Janegotthemoneysworthoutofthe

18、（coat很合.算）1.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol2.Hedroppedthe_andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffeescupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup3.Ineed_cloth,forImgoingtomakeclothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot4.Hegainedhis_byprinting_offamous

19、writers.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works5.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material6.Youllfindthismapofgreat_inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.4A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness-Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?_.A.PalmersB.T

20、hePalmersC.ThePalmersD.ThePalmers8.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown_ofliving.A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion9.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol10.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthe_oftheearthquake.A.victimsB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers11.Ifyo

21、udonttakeawayallyourthingsfromthedesk,therewontbeenoughmyforstationery.A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface12.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_.A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.resultsInthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)_ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.A.speciesB.gr

22、oupC.amountD.variety-Canyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree?-No,itsoutof_.A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance15.ThelifeofLondonismadeupofmanydifferent_.A.elementsB.sectionsC.materialD.realities16.Forthesakeofherdaughtershealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm_.A.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate17.Toregainth

23、eir_afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayinthegrass.A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health18.IsawBobplaythepianoatJohnspartyandonthat_hewassimplybrilliant.A.sceneB.circumstanceC.occasionD.situation19.Itcantbea(n)_thatfourlryjewestoreswererobbedinonenight.A.coincidenceB.accidentC.incidentD.chanceAccordingtothe

24、recentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkandheartattackisnotnecessarily_andeffect.A.reasonB.impactC.factD.cause-ImsorryIsteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.-Thereisno_forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation22.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness_sothecompanyisdoingwell.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD

25、.thinking23.Dontleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin_oflittlechildren.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance24.Theenvironmentalistsandwildgoats_onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindication5ofthebetterenvironment.A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance25.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.Its_walkA.afourhourB.

26、afourhoursC.afour-hoursD.afourhours26.Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesntmakeany_tome.A.meaningB.importanceC.senseD.significance27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas28.Thepoliceareofferinga_toanyonewhocangiveinformationab

27、outthelostkey.A.priceB.prizeC.rewardD.money29.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren.sA.reachB.handC.holdD.place30.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_tothestudyofmathematics。A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways31.Alwaysreadthe_onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.A.explanatio

28、nsB.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions32.Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof_。A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balanceTomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir_andweaknessesA.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values34.Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblembutt

29、heydontgiveyouanydirect_.A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function35.Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomake_forthetelevision.A.roomB.areaC.fieldD.position36.Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget_fromthismedicine.A.reliefB.safetyC.defenseD.shelterLastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadriv

30、inglicencereached200,000,a(n)_of40,000peryear.AaverageBnumberCamountDquantityAftertheearthquake,tilefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovide_forthehomelessfamilies.A.accommodationB.occupationC.equipmentD.furnitureThedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,soheha

31、saverygood_.A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilizationThisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswide_offoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.divisionB.areaC.rangeD.circle41.IhaventseenSarasinceshewasa，girlandshehaschangedbeyond_.A.hearingB.strengthC.recognitionDmeasure42.Ifoundhersittinginthecorne

32、r,reading_newspaper,with_inhereyes.A.a,tearB.apieceof,tearsC.a,tearsD.apieceof,tear43.Herfatherworksasa_inahotelandhermothera_inaprivatecompany.6A.cooker,typewriterB.cook,typistC.cooker,typistD.cook,typewriter44.“Whycouldnttheymeetusatfiveoclock?”“Becausetheyweredelayedby_.A.heavytrafficB.heavytraff

33、icsC.crowdedtrafficD.crowdedtraffics45.Infact,_onecausethatleadstotheproblem.A.cattleisB.cattleareC.cattlesareD.thecattlesare46.Byall_,youmusttryevery_tohelphim.A.mean,meanB.means,meansC.means,meanD.mean,means47.Jimis_person,andeveryoneiswillingtobe_withhim.A.sokinda,friendsB.soakind,friendsC.sokind

34、a,friendD.soakind,friend48.Wealreadyhave_pencils,butweneedtwo_pens.A.dozenof,dozenB.dozensof,dozenC.dozensof,dozenD.dozensof,dozenof49.Sheraisedherfingertoherlipsas_forsilence.A.anideaB.amarkC.asignD.aword50.MayItakeyourordernow?”“Wedlikethreeblack_andtwogreen_.”A.coffee,cupsofteasB.coffees,teasC.cu

35、psofcoffee,teaD.cupofcoffees,teas51.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad_.A.afewwhitehairsB.alittlewhitehairC.somewhitehairD.morefiftyhair52.Hi,thisway,please.OK.Isometimeshavenosenseof_whenIarriveatthecrossroad.A.positionB.directionC.situationD.conditionShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_.A.intentionB.attemptC.purposeD.desire54.IdidnthavetoworkallweekendIdiditby.A.chanceB.choiceC.accidentD.