Audit Evidence(审计证据英文版)

1、Audit EvidenceChapter 6Learning Objective 1Contrast audit evidencewith evidence used byother professions.Nature of EvidenceThe use of evidence isnot unique to auditors.Evidence is also usedby scientists, lawyers,and historians.Learning Objective 2Identify the four audit evidencedecisions that are ne

2、eded tocreate an audit program.Audit Evidence Decisions1. Which audit procedures to use2. What sample size to select for a given procedure3. Which items to select from the population4. When to perform the proceduresAudit ProgramIt includes a list of the audit proceduresthe auditor considers necessar

3、y.Most auditors use computers to facilitatethe preparation of audit programs.Learning Objective 3Specify the characteristicsthat determine thepersuasivenessof evidence.Persuasiveness of EvidenceCompetenceSufficiencyCombined effectPersuasiveness and costCompetenceRelevanceIndependence of providerEffe

4、ctiveness of internal controlsAuditors direct knowledgeQualifications of individualsDegree of objectivityTimelinessLearning Objective 4Identify and apply theseven types of evidenceused in auditing.RelationshipsAuditingstandardsQualificationsand conductReportingEvidenceaccumulationTypes ofevidenceBro

5、adguidelinesBroadcategoriesRelationshipsTypes ofevidenceAuditproceduresSamplesizeTimingof testsItems toselectSpecificinstructionsTypes of Audit Evidence1. Physical examination3. Documentation5. Inquiries of the client6. Reperformance2. Confirmation4. Analytical procedures7. ObservationInformationOft

6、en ConfirmedInformationSourceAssetsCash in bankBankAccounts receivableCustomerNotes receivableMakerOwned inventory out on consignmentConsigneeInventory held in public warehousesWarehouseCash surrender value of life insuranceInsurance co.InformationOften ConfirmedInformationSourceLiabilitiesAccounts

7、payableCreditorNotes payableLenderAdvances from customersCustomerMortgages payableMortgagorBonds payableBondholderInformationOften ConfirmedInformationSourceOwners EquityShares outstandingRegistrar andtransfer agentInformationOften ConfirmedInformationSourceOther InformationInsurance coverageInsuran

8、ce companyContingent liabilitiesBank, lender,andclients counselBond indenture agreementsBondholderCollateral held by creditorsCreditorCriteria to DetermineCompetenceType ofevidenceIndependenceof providerEffectiveness ofclientsinternal controlsAuditorsdirectknowledgeQualificationsof providerObjectivi

9、tyof evidenceTerms and Types of EvidenceTermsTypes of EvidenceExamineDocumentationScanAnalytical proceduresReadDocumentationAnalytical proceduresComputeRecomputeReperformanceFootReperformanceTerms and Types of EvidenceTermsTypes of EvidenceTraceDocumentationCompareDocumentationCountPhysical examinat

10、ionObservationObserveInquireInquiries of clientVouchDocumentationLearning Objective 5Understand the purposesof audit documentation.Audit DocumentationPurposes of audit documentation Ownership of audit filesConfidentiality of audit filesLearning Objective 6Prepare organizedaudit documentation.Audit F

11、ile Contentsand OrganizationRobinson AssociatesTrial Balance12/31/2003Cash$165,237Accounts Receivable 275,050Prepaid Insurance 37,795Interest Receivable 20,493FinancialStatements andAudit ReportWorkingTrial BalanceAdjustingJournal EntriesContingentLiabilitiesOperationsLiabilities and EquityAssetsAna

12、lyticalProceduresTest of Controls& SubstantiveTOTInternalControlGeneralInformationAuditProgramsPermanentFilesPermanent FilesThese files are intended to containdata of a historical or continuingnature pertinent to the current audit.Current FilesAudit programGeneral informationWorking trial balanceAdj

13、usting and reclassification entriesSupporting schedulesLearning Objective 7Describe how e-commerceaffects audit evidence andaudit documentation.Effect of E-commerceAudit evidence is increasingly in electronic form.Auditors use computers to readand examine evidence.Software programs are typically Windows-based.Summary of Audit DocumentationAudit documentation is an essentialpart o