高三英语《第二轮复习单项选择题解题技巧》-精讲版课件

1、第二轮复习TechniquesUsed inMultiple Choice单项填空的命题特征知识覆盖面广语境地位突出交际性原则明确试题题干新颖迷惑性较大灵活性较高单项填空的命题要点情景交际动词短语句子结构介词搭配连词、代词形容词、副词情态动词动词语态动词时态非谓语动词分析句子结构注重意群理解单项填空的解题要素一、分析句子结构句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰。解题时必须首先认清主要句子成份。复杂句子解读的一般规律是找到主句及其谓语。主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the

2、 office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.主语谓语宾语状语定语Shesawthat her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.When Miss Green g

3、ot to the office early yesterday morning，who works in a big company，The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he is free next week.主题（主语）The old English teacher内容（谓语）will give us a talk 内容修正（状语）when he is free next week 词义限定1（定语）who retir

4、ed ten years ago The old English teacher词义限定2（定语）on how to study English well A talk分析句子结构的一般规律是1）找到主语确定信息主题2）找到谓语确定信息内容3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义解读复杂句子的一般规律是解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语，主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。二、注重意群理解group meaning意群在英语交际中表达一个词组、一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把里面的单词分割开来。 各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把

5、它们分割开来。如：1. Jenny is pleasant to _.A. say B. speak C. talk D. talk to2. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. Who B. which C. why D. when3. - Whom would you rather _ with you, Mary or June?- _.A. go, NeitherB. have go, EitherC. have gone, EitherD. have to go, Bot

6、h分析句子结构注重意群理解Remember解 题 策 略 把握语境信息 还原或化简句子 克服思维定势 克服母语干扰 注意标点符号和连词提示把握语境信息Strategy One把握语境题干中不明确标示解题关键信息，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。不同的语境传达不同的信息，注意比较：1. （原题）Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （改编） Has Sam finished his homework today?Yes. He _ it this morning. A.

7、did B. has doneC. was doing D. had doneCA2. （原题） - Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?- _way as you please. （改编）- Which of the two ways shall I take to the village?- _ way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. EitherDC解题诀窍以语境为切入点，认真思考。不放过任何细节，把握住题干里所隐藏的信息、关键词。Strategy Two还原或化简句子还

8、原或化简句子题干以省略句、疑问句 、被动句 、倒装句、强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长,加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。一、将疑问句改成陈述句如：1. Whom would you rather have _ with you ? A. to go B. go C. goneD. going还原为：you would rather have whom _ with you. 分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.二、改被动句为主动句1. Time should be made good

9、use of _our lessons well.A. learningB. learned C. to learnD. learnsWe should make good use of time _ our lesson well.2. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented.People generally considered Charles Babbage _the first c

10、omputer.三、强调句型还原成简单句式1. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at homeA. repairB. repairingC. to repair D. in repair还原为： The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home四、感叹句还原为陈述句_ what little Tom said to his mother sounded!A. what reasonableB. How a reasonableC.

11、 How reasonableD. What a reasonable What little Tom said to his mother sounded ! 很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。 五、固定短语还原That was _ we had in London 3 years ago!A. wonderful timeB. a wonderful timeC. wonderfulD. wonderfully可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time(玩

12、得愉快)，定语从句中省略了关系代词that。 (that)六、补充省略成分 1. - What made you so happy?- _.A. Because of my passing the exam.B. I passed the exam.C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam. (made me so happy)2. If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _. A. not, not B. no, noC. not, no D. no, notIf the weather i

13、s NOT fine, we will NOT go. If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not.七、去掉插入语、分词结构、从句等1. He believes in himself，_, in my opinion, is of the most importanceA. thatB. whichC. what D. As2. The writer，whom I often refer to at the meetings, _ famous for those worksA. isB. are C. am D. were解题决窍将不熟悉的疑问

14、句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将插入语等多余的部分删除。 Strategy Three克服思维定势克服思维定势利用思维定势的影响设计的题目是最容易让我们上当的题目。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。 解析容易误认为是考查spend some time (in) doing sth结构而选A，忽视了waiting for这一部分。正确答案应是D。 locked in your room在句子里作方式状语, “(我)被锁在

15、你的房间里等侯”。1. I will spend a whole evening _ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. A. lockingB. in lockingC. being lockedD. locked 2. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (2005山东卷)A. change B. has changedC. changingD. have changed解析易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知, he wa

16、s used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。解题决窍正确分析句子结构，正确理解意群，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。Strategy Four熟悉英语文化,克服母语干扰克服母语干扰英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。注意：英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。1. - Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. - OK. _A

17、. Take it easy.B. Go slowly.C. Stay longer. D. See you.2. -I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday.- _.A. Dont afraidB. Be carefulC. Not at allD. Take your time3. “如果你方便的话”说成英语是if you are convenient吗?Ill come to see you if _.A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for youC. you feel

18、convenient D. it is convenient with you4. “交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗?He wants to move house, because he hates the _ here.A. crowded trafficB. crowded traffics C. busy trafficD. busy traffics解题诀窍留心英汉表达差异，平时要多读多比较多归纳，用英语思维，避免Chinglish。Strategy Five注重标点符号和连词提示标点符号，连词标点符号或连词往往决定句子后半部分的句子成份。1. Tom has many friends, _ can help him. A. few of whichB. few of whomC. few of thatD. few of themTom has many friends; _ can help him. A. few of whichB. few of whomC. few of thatD. few of them 2. I met several p