中国文化概况-Chapter-3课件

1、Chapter 3LiteratureA Glimpse of Chinese Culture 本章教学的目的1. 中国文学史的基本发展脉络;2. 中国文学史上的一些名著和现代名 作家的基本知识;3. 文学作品中脍炙人口诗句的英文翻译。本章教学的重难点1. 古典文学发展脉络2. 古代四大名著3. 20世纪伟大作家4. “网络文学”利弊讨论本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解（60 minutes）A Brief Introduction (3 minutes)Classical Literature (47minutes)Great Writers of the 20th Century (10 m

2、inutes)讨论 (10minues)学生课件展示 (30minutes)课文讲解1. A Brief Introduction 2. Classical Literature 3. Great Writers of the 20th Century Classical Literature (47minutes)DefinitionIt refers to literary works from the days before the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. CharacteristicIt is virtually an unbroke

3、n strand enduring dynastic changes. Works The Book of Songs (诗经) and Poetry of the South (楚辞) are regarded as the two peaks of Chinas earliest literary.The Book of Songs诗经 (3 minutes)What is it ? Three sections: Feng (folk ballads)Ya (dynastic hymns)Song (sacrificial songs)A collection of Chinas 305

4、 oldest poems from the Early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period; regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China.Guan-guan go the ospreys,On the islet in the river.The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: For our prince a good mate she.Here long, there short, is th

5、e duckweed,To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady:Waking and sleeping, he sought her.He sought her and found her not,And waking and sleeping he thought about her.Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;On his side, on his back, he turned,

6、and back again.Here long, there short, is the duckweed ;On the left, on the right, we gather it.The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.Here long, there short, is the duckweed ;On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.The mod

7、est, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.Poetry of the South 楚辞 (2 minutes)Poetry of the South is derived from the songs of the southern state of Chu during the Warring States Period.It pioneered romanticism in Chinese poetry. The verse of Poetry of th

8、e South are freeer than those of The Book of Songs. It is not fixed to four characters per line, and the character of “xi” (兮) is often put in the middle or the end of some lines.Appreciating famous lines 路漫漫其修远兮， 吾将上下而求索。 The journey is long, Ill search up and down.The Prose of the Pre-Qin Period (

9、先秦子学) （5 minutes) The prose in the pre-Qin period includes historical prose (历史散文) and philosophical prose (诸子散文). Historical prose The Book of History 尚书 Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋 Zuos Commentary 左传 Intrigues of the Warring States 战国策 Discourses of the States 国语Philosophical prose Lao Zi (Dao De

10、Jing), Mo Zi, Mencius, Zhuang Zi,The Analects of Confuciusyuefu folk songs (汉乐府民歌) It features five-character lines and reflects the reality and life of lower-class working people.Outstanding Yuefu Folk songs Southeast the Peacock Flies 孔雀东南飞 The Ballads of Mulan 木兰诗The Ballads of Mulan and Southeas

11、t the Peacock Flies Disney Pictures Mulan Southeast the Peacock FliesAppreciating famous lines唧唧复唧唧；木兰当户织。不闻机杼声；唯闻女叹息。 木兰诗Alack, alas! alack, alas!She weaves and sees the shuttle pass.You cannot hear the shuttle, why?Its whir is drowned in her deep sigh. 天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。 (敕勒歌)Vast is the sky, boundl

12、ess the wilds, grazing cattle are revealed as the grass bend dawn in the wind. The Chile BalladThe Literature in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (3 minutes) A new genre The stories recording spirits and anecdotes (志人志怪小说) Outstanding works of this period The Peach Blossom Spring 桃花源记 T

13、he Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons文心雕龙The Tang Poems（10 minutes）The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems全唐诗 The biggest-ever collection of Chinese poetry. The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be classified into four stages: Early Tang, High Tang, Mid Tang and late TangLi Bai and hi

14、s poemsLi Bai, the “Celestial Poet (诗仙)”, has long been regarded the greatest romantic poet in Chinese literature. In his poems, imagination, exaggeration, diction and sonorous rhythms are blended effortlessly. Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜诗Hard is the Road to Shu 蜀道难Dreaming of Sightseeing in the

15、 Tianmu Mountains梦游天姥吟留别床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。 李白 静夜诗Abed, I see a silver light, I wonder if its frost aground. Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness Im drowned. Li Bais A Tranquil Night Bai Juyi and his poemsThe outstanding poet Bai Juyi succeeded Du Fu with poems reflecting

16、 the reality of society.Satirical and allegorical styleThe Old Charcoal Seller卖炭翁Song of Eternal Sorrow 长恨歌Song of A Pipa Player琵琶行后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。 Though many beauties were in the palace,More than three thousand of them,All his favors were centered on her. Song of Eternal Sorrow 长恨歌Ci in the Song D

17、ynasty（2minutes）Ci: Instead of regulated poetry, ci could express more refined and delicate feelings with irregular meter.What is Cipai? Name of the tune to which a ci poem is composed.Famous poetsSu shi, Lu You, Xin Qiji, and Li QingzhaoLi qingzhao and Slow Slow Song 声声慢寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息

18、。Ive a sense of something missing I must seek.Everything about me looks dismal and bleak.Nothing that gives me pleasure, I can find.Even the weather has proved most unkind. Yuanqu in the Yuan Dynasty（3 minutes）Yuanqu includes sanqu (散曲: non-dreamatic songs) and zaju (杂剧: poetic drama).Ma Zhiyuan and

19、 Autumn Thought秋思Guan Hanqing and The Injustice to Dou E窦娥冤Ma Zhiyuan and Autumn Thought秋思Over old treesWreathed with rotten vines fly evening crows;Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.Westward declines the sun;Far, far from home is t

20、he heartbroken one. 天净沙 秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 Fiction in the Ming and Qing Dynasty（14 minutes）Four famous Chinese classics of literature Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三国演义 Water Margin水浒传 Journey to the West西游记 Dream of the Red Mansions红楼梦 Townsfolk literature Three Volumes of W

21、ords and Two Volumes of Slapping 三言二拍 Satirical novel The Scholars 儒林外史 Strange Tales from a Scholars Studio 聊斋志异 Romance of the Three KingdomsThe earliest long Chinese novel. Based on history books and folk legends, the plot centers on the rise and fall of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, and

22、 on the complex political, military, and diplomatic struggles during that period. Water MarginIt was the first novel to deal with the subject of peasant revolts in China. It is about the story of the rebellion of the 108 heroes at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Journey to the WestAn outstandi

23、ng romantic work full of fantastic tales. And also a masterpiece about deities (神仙) and ghosts. It tells of the Tang Dynasty monk, Xuan Zang overcoming 81 adversities and defeating various monsters and demons before finally reaching India, assisted by his three disciples: Sun Wu Kong, Zhu Ba Jie, an

24、d Sha Seng. Dream of the Red MansionsThe greatest novel in Chinese literature.The central thread of the novel is the tragic love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. Instead of just telling the love story, it taps the social origins of the tragedy through probing deeply into the characters minds a

25、nd complicated relationships. Great Writers of the 20th Century(10 minutes) Two peaks of Chinese modern literature The May 4th Movement in 1919and the opening-up policy in 1978 have produced two peaks of literary prosperity. Eight great writers of the 20th century Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin,

26、 Laoshe, Cao Yu, Shen Congwen and Ai QingLu Xun (1881-1936)A great thinker, a revolutionary figure in literature with pioneering thoughts and also one of the founders of modern literature in China.A Madmans Diary 狂人日记Call to Arms呐喊 The True Story of Ah Q阿Q正传 Wandering 彷徨Old Tales Retold 故事新编 Guo Moruo (1892-1978)He was a writer, poet, dramatist, historian, archaeologist, paleography (古字体) expert, and a social activist. The Goddess女神Qu Yuan 屈原 Zhuo Wenjun 卓文君Wang Zhaojun 王昭君Mao Dun (1896-1981)A critic, novellist and short-story writi