中考语法-动词时态的归纳复习总结

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业动词时态Tense本章要点一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时时态语法点分述一、一般现在时 Simple Present Tense结构公式：am/is/are/do/does常见时间状语：sometimes, usually, never, always, often; ever

2、y day / week / month / year / . ; on Sunday (s) / Monday (s) /. 经常性或习惯性的动作，如日常行为，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。常用频度副词： Liferarelyturns out the way that we plan. -Beverly Hills 90210（是电视剧名）表示按计划将会发生的事情，主语常常是物。这列高速列车（高铁）早上9点出发去北京。（high-speed train） 表示真理或不变的事实。树叶在秋季从绿变黄。 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，简称为“主将从现”。如果我在纽约

3、时有时间去购物，我会帮你去苹果店买个iPad 10。 真题试炼Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she_back.A. cameB. comesC. would comeD. will come-Could you tell me when Mr. Li_in Wuhan?-Sure. When he _, Ill call you. A. arrives, will arriveB. will arrive, arrivesC. arrives, arrivesD. will arrive, w

4、ill arrive特别结构结构公式一：It is +一段时间+since +从句结构公式二：It has been+一段时间+since +从句Attention第一种句型更常见。如：As for myself, it is many, many years since I first began to think of him in a very different manner.-Pride and Prejudice至于说到我自己对他印象转坏，那已经是好多好多年的事了。 好久不见。二、现在进行时 Present Continuous Tense结构公式：am/is/are+doing时

5、间状语：Now,at present,at the moment, look, listen表示说话时正在进行的动作。嘘，孩子们正在睡觉呢。 表示最近一段时间内正在进行的动作。Jacks having a hard time at the office at the moment and hes smoking about fifty cigarettes a day. 与频率副词连用，表示作者的一种感情态度。(如always, forever,constantly, continually)你老是像我妈一样唠叨我。(nag sb.) 表达某种情感，表示关切，礼貌，赞美等。Im telling

6、 you the truth. Cf I tell you the truth. 表示将来即将发生的动作，给人一种期待感，常伴有表示将来的时间状语。They are getting married next month. Attention此用法常用于：arrive, return, land, leave, come, go, drive, fly, travel, move, die, stay等位移动词。Im going home tonight. 我今晚回家。以下词汇在特定语境中也可进行时表将来：I you soon after class.-What are you doing th

7、is evening? -Im at home with my families.不能使用进行时的动词fear（害怕）, love（爱）, hate（讨厌）, mind（介意）,like（喜欢）, please（喜爱）, prefer（更喜爱）think（认为）, believe（相信）, doubt（怀疑）, remember（记起了）, realize（认识）, suppose（怀疑）see, hear, findbecome, return. buy, join, get to(know), hear from特例：*Hes jumping with joy. (少数瞬间动词用于进行，表

8、 ) 这个老人已奄奄一息。(此处进行时表示逐渐、即将)小试身手请用一般现在时或现在进行时完成下面题目：-Can I help you?-I bought this watch here yesterday, but it (do) work.I dont really work here, I (help)until the new secretary arrives.There (go) the bell. /Here (come) Mr.Wang.You dont believe it. You know I (tell) the truth.三、一般过去时 Simple Past Ten

9、se结构公式：was / were / did（初中不规则动词表见附录一）时间状语：yesterday, last week, the day before yesterday, the week before last,in July, in 2006,just now, three days ago, 表示过去某个时间一连串的行为。结构公式：did A, did B, and did N史瑞克给了公主一个丑陋的微笑，拉起她绿色的胖手，然后温柔的吻了她一下。 表示过去某行为或某状态已发生，不强调进行。当我1990年代在上海时，我每周末都去美术馆。 小试身手A report has just

10、come in that the Southgate warehouse (仓库) _ into last Friday night.A. brokeB. was brokenC. had brokenD. had been brokenused to do sth.过去常常做某事On Sunday evenings we used to be permitted to play, if we did not make much noise; now a mere titter is sufficient to send us into corners!从前一到星期天晚上，还准许我们玩玩，只要

11、我们不太吵，现在我们只要偷偷一笑，就得罚站墙角啦！-Wuthering Height近义词辨析would do sth. VS used to do sth.used towould过去习惯动作状态过去和现在对比偶尔In such cases, we would go to the old workers for help.Before 1949 he used to work twelve hours a day.He used to live in the countryside. 近形词辨析be/get used to doing sth/sth习惯于做某事be used to do被用

12、来做某事城里人习惯把狗当宠物，而在农村狗狗通常用来看家(guard). 小试身手Tony used to _ to school, but he is used to _ to school now.A. walk; taking a busB. walked; took a busC. walk; take a busD. walked; taking a busHeusedto_inasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedto_inthebigcity.A.live;living B.live;live C. living; living D. living;li

13、veMrsGreen_gotohospital,butnowsheisingoodhealth.A.hastoB.needtoC.usedtoD.oughtto真题试炼Unlike Chinese, Americans _ their meals with knives and forks.A. used to takingB. are used to takingC. used to takeD. are used to takeWe have _ up early in order to catch the early bus.A. used to getB. been used to g

14、etC. used for gettingD. been used to getting四、过去进行时 Past Continuous Tense结构公式：was / were+doing 时间状语：this time yesterday, at that time, at the moment（这个词组也可以用在现在进行时），all morning等。强调过去某时间段或某个时间点正在发生的事。 , Kobe was playing football. 真题试炼He was still working on his project while other people _ _a rest.A.

15、 were having B. are having C. will have D. haveSusan and Lily tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday.A. pick B. are picking C. will pick D. were picking强调动作的持续性，比一般过去时更生动。（用一般过去时和过去进行时填空）It heavily last night. （昨天下雨了这个事实）It heavily last night. （昨晚下雨持续时间长）与always, constantly, c

16、ontinually, forever 等连用表达某种感情色彩。My brother was always losing his keys. 小试身手请用一般过去时或过去进行时填空：While Tom (read)_, Emily (watch) _ a documentary on TV.The thief (sneak) _ into the house, (steal) _ the jewels and (leave) _ without a trace. While we (do) _ a sight-seeing tour, our friends (lie) _ on the be

17、ach. I (write)_ a book last year but I havent finished it yet.-What (do / you) _ yesterday at 8 pm?-I (sit) _ in the pub with Sam. Why?五、一般将来时 Simple Future Tense结构公式一：sb. will / shall do结构公式二：am / is / are going to do结构公式三：am/ is / are to do结构公式四：am/ is / are about to do结构含义例句be going to dosb: 有计划s

18、th: 有迹象_ get married next month, so Im preparing for my wedding.The day is getting dark. Its going to rain.will/shallsb:没有计划，随时想到并且马上会做的，意愿和决心,sth:随机，不确定性Shall we go to the library?（shall用于第一人称）Will you help me with my homework?（所有人称）be doing位移动词进行时表示将来She is arriving at the port tonightdo/does主将从现；

19、2) 按计划The meeting begins at 3.be to正式，按计划The annual meeting is to be held next week.be about马上Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats. The performance is about to start. will be doing早已安排好或预计发生的事，难以改变，表承诺。I will be having a meeting at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 时间状语：next, tomorrow, in+时间, soon, this even

20、ing等小试身手1) The football match will be put off if it _. A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is raining2)-I wont go if it _ tomorrow.-I dont know if it _ tomorrow.A. rainsB. will rainC. is rainingD. has rainedAttention注意分清：由when和if引导的从句是状语从句还是宾语从句检验真知请从一般将来时的其中形式中选择，完成下列句子：I _ (probably, go) back to Engla

21、nd tomorrow. Hurry up! The conference _ (begin) in 20 minutes. Look at these big black clouds! It _ (rain). Here is the weather forecast. Tomorrow_ (be) dry and sunny. What does a blonde say when she sees a banana skin lying just a few metres in front of her? - Oh dear! I _ (slip)!六、现在完成时 Present Pe

22、rfect Tense结构公式：sb. have/ has done时间状语：already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,for +一段时间, in the past/last few years现在完成时的简单定义：过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。现在完成时有两个主要用法：用法含义标志词例句已完成动作发生在过去，但后果或影响至今仍然存在.justalready，yetYour letter has just been received.未完成动作开始在过去，一直持续到现在for, sinceTh

23、ey have lived here for more than twenty years.Attention你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？ since用法结构公式：现在完成时+ since +一般过去式/过去的时间状语Ive known my best friend .瞬间动词不能直接和for, since的完成时连用小试身手He has borrowed this book for four days (错误or正确？)He has kept this book for four days. (错误or正确？)The play has started for half an hou

24、r.(错误or正确？)The play has been on for half an hour.(错误or正确？)瞬间动词变成延续动词borrowbuy catch a colddie fall asleepfall illjoinleavemarrystart end真题试炼I have been a League member since 2008.I _ a League member _ 2008.Old John died five years ago.Old John has _ _ _ 5 years.My uncle came here an hour ago.My uncl

25、e has _ _ for an hour._ _ an hour _ my uncle came here.have been VS have gone真题试炼-Where is Zhang?-Oh, dont you know he _ to Beijing to see his parents and he will be back tomorrow.A. has goneB. has been C. had goneD. had been_ you ever _ to New York, my hometown?A. Have.beenB. Did.goC. Have.goneD. A

26、re.going-Hes a native Shanghainese, isnt he?-Yes, he this city for 60 years so far.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has gone inD. has been in总结：have been to _have gone to _have been in _ 特别句型It /This +is +序数词n + 现在完成时It is the first time that Ive seen such a wonderful performance. It/this is + 最高级/the

27、 best/the worst /the most interesting/the only +n.+现在完成时Get away! is the only words that she has ever said to me. 现在完成时和过去时区别-Where _ _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put We

28、havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been Im glad to tell you that we _

29、 the work in less time than we _ expected to. A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found When I was at college, I _ three foreign la

30、nguage but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten总结：现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。到目前为止总次数用 _强调某一次动作用 _小试身手1. Fill in

31、 the blanks with the missing words.How _ have you been in the U.S? How many times have you been to the US?Ive known the teacher since I _ at this college. My wife and I _ known each other since we _ in elementary school.Im interested in art. I _ interested in art since I was in high school.Rewrite t

32、he following sentences with an adverb, pay attention to the position of the adverbs.He has finished the job that you gave him. I have been happy with life in the city.Has he joined the other boys in their games?It looks as if that building has caught fire. The train to West has not arrived.Attention

33、Yet，so far常置于句末，already, just, ever, never等一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。七、过去完成时Past Perfect Tense结构公式：had done时间状语：by+过去时间The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park, in the centre of their property, where, for many generations,

34、 they had lived in so respectable a manner as to engage the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance.达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。Sense and Sensibility过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。His mother had

35、gone to work by the time he arrived home.如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。He asked if Mr Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.真题试炼The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written; left B. were writing; has leftC. ha

36、d written; had left D. were writing; had leftThe girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, for she _ before.A. didnt fly B. hasnt flown C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flyingShe understood how to fix the computer problem yesterday because she _ the same problem before. (have)My cousin didnt hav

37、e to study English when he started college because he _ it as a child. (learn)八、过去将来时Past Future Tense结构公式一：would do结构公式二：was/were going to do时间状语：soon, the next day, the next month, the next year等表示过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即 “站在过去说将来”。真题试炼Jenny told me that she _an English Speech Contest the next month.A.

38、 takes part in B. is taking part in C. took part in D. would take part inBob called to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house, for he _ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left检验真知从以上学过的8种时态中选择完成填空：It was eleven at night. I (write) at my desk. Suddenly, I (hear)

39、a noise from downstairs. Someone (beat) the door of the lift. I (go) out and (shout).-“Whats the matter?”-“I (stay) in the lift for an hour! I cant (go)out.”-“Wait a moment. I (help) you.”Then I returned to my room. My wife told me that she (call) the worker already and he (come) in no time.Soon the

40、 worker (come) with a bag in his hand. Some modern tools (use) and the door of the lift opened.九、现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense结构公式：have/has been doing时间状语：so far, since +现在时间,for +一段时间, all morning等In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that Ive been turnin

41、g over（仔细考虑）in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had.”The Great Gatsby现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也有进行时态的特点。主要表示一个持续到现在的动作；表示动作的重复；表示长时间做某事；表示感情色彩。现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

42、:可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作, 强调动作的持续性，因此有“未完成”的含义。试比较：I have read this book. （ ）I have been reading this book. （ ）Attention有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。How long here? 你在这儿工作多久了？自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。 通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。我等了两小时。（陈述事实） 我等了两

43、个小时。（等得望穿秋水） 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于。我认识她刚刚两天。 他们结婚已二十年了。 不用于被动语态，但可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。这房子已漆了一个月。 这个问题已被研究了五天。 现在完成时&现在完成进行时异同现完现完进已完成未完成情感被动语态适用动词小试身手Correctthefollowingsentences.（改错）Alltheseyearstheyarecontributingarticlestoourmagazine.Ihavebeendrinkingfivecupsofcoffeethisafternoon.Whathaveyoub

44、eendoingbeforeyouleftOxford? Itsalongtimesinceyoucometoseeme. AlicedidntseemuchofHenrylately. Imgladtotellyouthatyoupassedtheexam.十、过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense结构公式：had been doing时间状语：by+过去时间，before+过去时间表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经30年。 十一、将来完成时 Future Perfec

45、t Tense结构公式：will have done时间状语：before+将来时间；by+将来时间，时间点若是从句，要用一般现在时表示在将来某一时间点以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。 时态Summary一般进行完成完成进行现在work(s)is/am/areworkinghave/ has workedhave/has been working过去workedwas/were workinghad workedhad been working将来will/ shall workis/am/are going to workwill be workingwill have workedwill

46、have been working过去将来would workwas/were going to workwould be workingwould have workedwould have been working根据“标志词”确定时态短语所对应时态短语所对应时态now一般现、现进how often一般现、一般过at this time yesterday过去进行how long现完、现完进last year/month一般过since when现完by the end/time of +过去时间过完in the past three years现完by the end/time of +

47、将来时间讲完Watch out！现在进行根据语境确定时态-Excuse me, sir. Smoking is not allowed here.-Oh, sorry I _.A. dont knowB. didnt knowC. havent knownD. cant know-Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.-Its .A. didntB. wontC. dontD. cant-Alice. why didnt you come yesterday?-I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. ha

48、dB. wouldC. was going toD. did-Mom, 4 plus 4 is 9, right?-Honey, I _ you _ wrong.A. think / wereB. thought/wereC. think/areD. thought/are-Darling, I am sorry. I _ you _coming tomorrow morning, so I didnt prepare dinner for you.A. think / wereB. thought/wereC. think/areD. thought/are在英语里有些有着特定的对应关系，如

49、:see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到)结果类动词不能用进行时work表示机器不能正常运行、运转时常用do/doesnt work；open, close, lock表示门、窗等不能正常关、开、锁的意思时常用wont open /close /lock等，这时它们是以主动形式表示被动意义。-Can I help you, sir?-Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _.A. didnt workB. wont workC. cant workD. doesnt work窗户打不开了，得找个人来修。 Review what

50、 you have learnt选择题：1.Look up! The kite _ high in the sky.A. fliesB. flewC. has flownD. is flying2.We all know that the earth _ around the sun.A. goB. goesC. went D. is goingJenny _ a novel from seven to eight last night.A. readB. was readingC. is readingD. would readA scarf _ you warm as the temper

51、ature falls.A. keptB. has keptC. will keepD. would keepFinally, the big serious forest fire _ by the firemen yesterday.A. puts outB. put outC. was put outD. has put outWhere _ you _? I looked for you everywhere.A. have beenB. do goC. have.goneD. are.goingShe didnt go to see the dolphin show with us

52、because she _ it already.A. seesB. sawC. has seenD. had seenThe teacher told the students that they _ a school sports meeting the next week.A. haveB. hadC. will haveD. would have9.-_the flight MU823_?-No, not yet.A. Has arrivedA. Had arrivedC. Will arriveD. Is arriving10.-This is a no-right-turn are

53、a. Dont you see the sign?-Oh, sorry. I _ it.A. hadnt seenB. wont seeC. didnt seeD. doesnt see11.-Did you notice the boy leaving the room?-No, I didnt, because I _ TV.A. am watchingB. was watchingC. have watchedD. had watchedHe asked me what I _ during the winter holidays.A. had doneB. didC. will doD. have doneNancy _ lots of charity work in her free time since she entered college.A. will d