据戴维赖因出版于1960的埃德加爱伦坡内在模式

1、 The analysis of some imagesEdgar Allan PoeThe raven and the demon 1Backgrounds of The RavenVirginia ,Poes wife ,died of tuberculosis at only 24.Poe wrote this poem during her illness of TB when he felt she would die someday because TB ,at that time ,was a incurable disease.Professor David Rein cons

2、idered the beautiful Sarah Elmira Royster ,Poes neighbor, was the prototype of the Lenore .They loved each other when Poe was young ,but Sarahs father opposed them ,so they were pitifully taken apart .And thats the lost beauty .Maybe its the reason why Poe ghastly scared his friends or we can say hi

3、s wife would leave.2据戴维赖因出版于1960的埃德加爱伦坡：内在模式（David Rein: Edgar Allan Poe: The Inner Pattern）所说，诗中的丽诺尔，原型是萨拉爱弥拉罗埃斯特（Sarah Elmira Royster）。1826年，爱伦坡进里士满弗吉尼亚大学前后，7月13日，他与邻居的女儿爱弥拉罗埃斯特认识，他深深地爱上了她，希望与她结婚。那年，爱弥拉只有十五、六岁，但已经订婚。那时，爱伦坡虽然像他一贯的性格，沉默寡言、外表忧郁，但对任何感兴趣的事又表现得满腔热忱、易于冲动。3多年后，爱弥拉回忆当时的情况说：“他第一次与我通信，并且我自愿和

4、他订婚。”后来，他上了大学，给爱弥拉写过许多信，可是她一封也没有收到，因为她的父亲以他俩年纪太轻为理由，把他的信全部扣起来了。爱弥拉说没有别的原因禁止他们通信。传记作家相信，她父亲是一个固执的里士满市民，很可能以他们是狂热的青年为借口来反对两人的感情。爱弥拉在十七岁那年嫁给了谢尔顿（Shelton）先生，她直到婚后都不知道这位未来的诗人曾给她写过信。 这种“无情的不幸”，不仅是对爱伦坡，对与他通信交流情感的爱弥拉，都是爱的被剥夺和爱的消逝，尤其是对爱伦坡这样一位“痛失佳人的多情男子”来说，真是何等的悲郁啊！这种悲郁是人性所共有的，使诗人能以自己的体验来传达出这人类共同的真切情感。所以不难理解，

5、乌鸦发表后，几个星期里，不但诗句在人们中间广泛传颂，且一行行地被引用，模仿的诗作也频频出现，甚至迷住了像伊丽莎白芭蕾特这样的大诗人，还超越了美洲大陆，感动了一些外国的诗人和画家。 4Some Important ImagesCan you tell us some poems related to the raven ?(in Chinese)And what do you think the image-raven shows us?5乌鸦诗秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。 古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。秋思 白朴 孤村落日残霞,轻烟老树寒鸦一点飞虹影下,青山绿水,白草红叶

6、黄花。6Meaning changingActually before Tang dynasty the raven had a meaning of luck and people thought they were prophets, but after Tang the raven has become an ill-omen symbolizing loneliness ,mystery ,sadness and even death which is similar to the image in The Raven.7乌鸦在中国传统文化中的形象：在唐代以前，乌鸦在中国民俗文化中是有

7、吉祥和预言作用的神鸟，有“乌鸦报喜，始有周兴”的历史常识传说，汉董仲舒在春秋繁露同类相动中引尚书传：“周将兴时，有大赤乌衔谷之种而集王屋之上，武王喜，诸大夫皆喜。” 古代史籍淮南子左传史记也均有名篇记载。唐代以后，方有乌鸦主凶兆的学说出现，唐段成式酉阳杂俎：“乌鸣地上无好音。人临行，乌鸣而前行，多喜。此旧占所不载。”无论是凶是吉，“乌鸦反哺，羔羊跪乳”是儒家以自然界的的动物形象来教化人们“孝”和“礼”的一贯说法，因此乌鸦的“孝鸟”形象是几千年来一脉相传的。本草纲目禽慈鸟中称：“此乌初生，母哺六十日，长则反哺六十日，可谓慈孝矣。”但乌鸦是否真的具有这种习性，还有待现代人的研究和观察证实。8The

8、 ravenRaven: a kind of ominous bird that symbolizes deathWith whole black feathers ,the raven ,almost in silence except saying one word-nevermore, seemed to be a grim ghost from the Nights Plutonian shore ,The unlucky bird made the speaker scarcely worried that his friends would leave him again and

9、his hopes would break .It also beguiled him into an illusion of forgetting pain ,but eventually the raven like a demon caused the speakers soul lifted-nevermore.the Nights Plutonian shore: 黑夜中的的冥界的冥界海岸 9Why did POE used a non-human creature to utter the word?10Firstly ,the human could answer the que

10、stion reasonably .Thats impossible to clasp a lost beauty ,Secondly ,the painful dialogue between the speaker and the raven shows us his endless suffering.11The bust of PallasThe bust of Pallas was Athena-the symbol of wisdom.智慧女神雅典娜And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting ;

11、On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;The raven sat on the bust ,and its shadow covered the bust of Pallas and my soul ,which shows there was no way for me to revive because even the wise Pallas was shrouded in shadow.12The chamber doorThe door always stands for impediment or bound

12、ary .Here it also refers to obstacles .On one hand ,the speaker dreamed to clasp his Lenore in the mortal life ;on the other hand , the Aidenn the lost beauty lived was too distant to get to ,so theres no possibility for him to realize his dream. Thats to say the chamber door like a thick wall divid

13、ed the two lovers into respective worlds .13Imaginary imagesThen, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. “Wretch,” I cried, “thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent thee Respite-respite and Nepent

14、he from thy memories of Lenore! Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!” Quoth the raven, “Nevermore. ” Nepenthe希腊神话中的忘忧药。后泛指一切是人忘记忧愁的东西 ；censer香炉 Respite 暂时的休息(或喘息);(痛苦的)缓解,暂止 14the air grew denser :tactile imageperfumed: smelling imageangels and the tufted floor : visual imagetinkled :auditory image15ConclusionsAll these images gave readers a sorrowful and melancholy tone. Poe pursued a perfect boundary and he thought the most profound theme of a poem was sadness over the death and the seeking of the lost beauty which are most beautifully described in this poem.16在创作的哲