论语翻译漫谈

1、论语翻译漫谈圣人微言大义贤士箴言大论 1一、圣贤四等：一等 真人黄帝曰：“余闻上古有真人者，提挈天地，把握阴阳，呼吸精气，独立守神，肌肉若一，故能寿敝天地，无有终时，此其道生。2二等 至人中古之时有至人者，淳德全道，和于阴阳，调于四时, 去世离俗，积精全神，游行天地之间，视听八达之外，此盖益其寿命而强者也；亦归于真人。3三等 圣人其次有圣人者，处天地之和，从八风之理，适嗜欲于世俗之间，无恚嗔之心, 行不欲离于世，被服章，举不欲现于俗，外不劳形于事，内无思想之患，以恬愉为务，以自得为功，形体不敝，精神不散，亦可以百数。4四等 贤人其次有贤人者，法则天地，象似日月，辩列星辰，逆从阴阳，分别四时，将

2、从上古合同于道，亦可使益寿而有极时。”5二、大哉孔子孔子十五而志于学，学而时习之，明德于天下，终成大成至圣先师，为人万世师表。 6人皆知孔子为圣人，而不知其何以为圣。孔子说：“我非生而知之，好古，敏以求之者也。”通达古今，博学善思，志在天下，此即圣人为学之道。7孔子“发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至云尔。”故能“苟日新，日日新，又日新。”礼记说：“玉不雕，不成器；人不学，不知道。”8孔子深知其道，故能孜孜不倦，潜心向学。其传授弟子之“六言六蔽”，宣德明义，诚为至言大要，莘莘学子，不可不知：9“蔽”者，弊端也。好仁而不好学，易被欺愚；好智而不好学，行必放荡；诚信而不好学，反受其害；率直而不好学，

3、其言必苛；勇猛而不好学，必闯祸乱；刚强而不好学，必肆意妄为。放眼尘世，学者如云，然识得圣人为学之道者，又有几人？10孔子“学而不厌”，故能尽悉本末，洞晓天下。学贵在力行致用，勤于思考。诚如孔子所言：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”此乃孔子为学之精神，古今学人，皆当效法，顺之则进，逆之则退，学思并举，不可偏废。11学习在于志诚，所以孔子说：“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”毛泽东亦说：“学习上来不得半点虚假。”他在致其师徐特立的信中说：“有的人只有半桶水，却篇要淌得很。”此亦圣人警世之言，为学者不可不慎。12为学必先知礼。左传隐公十一年说：“礼，经国家，定社稷，序民人，利后嗣者也。”礼有如此之

4、用，不可不知，更不可不行。孔子重礼，处世待人，温良恭俭让，言行合德，故能为人师，为世范。13帝舜命以典乐教胄子，使其“直而温，宽而栗，刚而无虐，简而无傲。”孔子治学为人，恰合帝命。后人尊孔为素王，盖因有圣王之德，“钦明文思，允公克让，光被四表，格于上下”（尚书尧典）。14论语说：“子绝四：毋意，毋必，毋固，毋我。”孔子从不凭空揣测、绝对肯定、拘泥固执、自以为是。此四者，恰今之学者所不能禁绝者，学界也因此狼烟四起，风云滚滚，不亦哀哉！15礼记说：“君子有三患：未之闻，患弗得闻也；既闻之，患弗得学也；既学之，患弗能行也。”学无止境，学行一致，永不自满，为学者当以之为训，时时自省。“学如不及，犹恐失

5、之。”圣人尚且如此，况乎寻常之辈！16孔子治学，重在博思，从不生吞活剥。诚如子夏所言：“博学而笃志，切问而近思，仁在其中也。”死记硬背，人云亦云，专志本本，此乃市侩功利巧取，绝非圣贤为学之道。17孔子说：“君子不器。”为学者当无囿为器，博览群书，学以致用。如此，则近于至道。18孔子学为天下，志在克己复礼，寻求安邦治世之道。“朝闻道，夕死可矣”即其心志。仁人志士，当努力效法遵行，须臾不离其轨。19学而篇第一子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知，而不愠，不亦君子乎？” Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure after all to pr

6、actice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar? Is it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him?”20子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”Confucius said, “A man who speaks with honeyed words and pretends to be kind cannot be b

7、enevolent.”21 曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”Zeng Zi (a disciple of Confucius) said, “Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others? Have I been honest to my friends? Have I diligently reviewed the instructions from the Master?”22子曰：“弟子入则孝，出则悌，谨而信，泛爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则

8、以学文。”Confucius said, “At home, a young man should be dutiful towards his parents; going outside, he should be respectful towards his elders; he should be cautious in deeds and trustworthy in words; he should love everyone yet make close friends only with those of benevolence. If he has any more ener

9、gy to spare, let him devote it to books.”23曾子曰：“慎终追远，民德归厚矣。”Zeng Zi said, “When funerals are conducted in accordance with the rites and sacrifices to the remote ancestors are given devoutly, the morality of the people will naturally reach its peak.”24 子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。” Confuciu

10、s said, “A gentleman seeks neither a full belly nor a comfortable home. Instead, he is quick in action yet cautious in speech. He learns from virtuous and accomplished men in order to correct his mistakes. Such can be called a man with eagerness to study.”25子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”Confucius said, “Dont w

11、orry about being misunderstood but about understanding others.” 26子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”Confucius said, “If one is able to acquire new knowledge by reviewing old knowledge, he is qualified to be a teacher.”27子曰：“君子不器。”Confucius said, “A gentleman should not be like utensil. (He should have broad knowledg

12、e and not be confined to one use.)”28子贡问君子。子曰：“先行其言，而后从之。”Zi Gong asked about how to become a gentleman. Confucius said, “A gentleman always puts his idea into action before he expresses it.”29子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”Confucius said, “Gentlemen unite instead of conspiring; petty men conspire instead of un

13、iting.”30子曰：“由，诲女知之乎！知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也！”Confucius said, “You (given name of Zi Lu, a disciple of Confucius), shall I teach you knowledge is? When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it. That is knowledge.”31子曰：“朝闻道，夕死可矣。”

14、Confucius said, “If one learns the truth in the morning, one would never regret dying in the same evening.” 32子曰：“不患无位，患所以立；不患莫己知，求为可知也。”Confucius said, “Dont worry about having no official position, but do worry about your ability to fulfill a post. Dont worry when others dont appreciate you, but y

15、ou should strive to make achievements.”33子曰：“君子喻于义，小人喻于利。”Confucius said, “The gentleman sees righteousness; the petty man sees profit.”34子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”Confucius said, “When you meet a man of virtue, learn from him. When you meet a man without virtue, examine yourself to see if you have the sa

16、me defects as he has.”35子曰：“父母在，不远游，游必有方。”Confucius said, “When ones parents are alive, one should not go far away. If one has to, one should tell them where one is going.”36子曰：“父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。” Confucius said, “One must always keep in mind ones parents birthdays. On the one hand, one is glad

17、to offer birthday congratulations; on the other hand, one is worried to see they grow one year older.”37子曰：“君子欲讷于言而敏于行。”Confucius said, “A gentleman should be careful in speech and quick in action.”38子曰：“德不孤，必有邻。”Confucius said, “A man of virtue can never be isolated. He is sure to have like-minded

18、companions.”39宰予昼寝。子曰：“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也；于予与何诛？”子曰：“始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。于予与改是。”Zai Yu always slept in the daytime. Confucius said resentfully, “One cannot expect to carve on a piece of rotten wood, nor can one expect to whitewash a filthy wall. As for Zai Yu, what is the use of scolding him?”

19、Confucius added, “I used to trust what people said, now I want to see what they do before I trust them. It is from Zai Yu that I have learnt to change my attitude in dealing with people.” 40子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之文也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之文也。”Zi Gong asked, “Why was Kong Wenzi (a previous minister of Wei) called

20、Wen (a tittle that means culture)?” Confucius answered, “Because he was quick and eager to learn, modest and never ashamed to asking questions. That is why he was honored as Wen.” 41子路曰：“愿闻子之志。”子曰：“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。” Zi Lu asked Confucius, “I would like to hear your aspirations.” Confucius said, “I wi

21、sh for the old to live in peace and comfort, friends to trust each other and the young to be taken good care of.”42子曰：“十室之邑，必有忠信如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。”Confucius said, “Wherever people live, there are honest and trustworthy people like me; but they are not so eager to learn as I am.” 43子曰：“质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后

22、君子。”Confucius said, “One would seem uncouth with more simplicity than refinement, and seem superficial with more refinement than simplicity. Only when these two qualities are well-balanced can one become a real gentleman.”44子曰：“默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉？”Confucius said, “To keep silently in mind what one

23、 has seen and heard, to study hard and feel contented, to teach others tirelesslyhave I done all of these things? 45子曰：“我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。”Confucius said, “I was not born with knowledge, but, being fond of ancient culture, I was eager to seek it through diligence.”46子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉：择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”Co

24、nfucius said, “When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from. I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.”47子以四教：文，行，忠，信。Confucius taught his disciples four disciplines: culture, social conduct, loyalty to supe

25、riors and faithfulness to friends. 48子曰：“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣。”Confucius said, “Is benevolence really far away from us? You only have to really want it and it will come.”49子曰：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”Confucius said, “A gentleman is always broad-mindedness while a petty man is always full of anxiety.” 50曾子言曰：“鸟之将死，其鸣也

26、哀；人之将死，其言也善。”Zeng Zi said, “When a bird is dying, its cry is sad; when a man is dying, his words are kind. ”51子曰：“苗而不秀者有矣夫！秀而不实者有矣夫！”Confucius said, “Some seedlings spring up but never blossom, others blossom but never bear fruit.”52子曰：“后生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？四十、五十而无闻焉，亦不足畏也已。”Confucius said, “Respect the y

27、oung. How do you know that they will not one day be all that you are now? But if a man has reached forty or fifty and nothing has been heard of him, then I grant there is no need to respect him.”53子曰：“三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。”Confucius said, “An army may be deprived of its commanding officer, yet a man canno

28、t be deprived of his will.”54子曰：“岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也！”Confucius said, “Only when the weather turns cold can we see that the leaves of pines and cypresses are the last to wither and fall.”55子曰：“知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。”Confucius said, “A wise man is never cheated, a virtuous man is never worried and a courageous man

29、 is never afraid.”56颜渊问仁。子曰：“克己复礼为仁。一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。为仁由己，而由人乎哉？”颜渊曰：“请问其目？”子曰：“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。”57Yan Yuan asked what benevolence was. Confucius said, “One who restrains himself in order to observe the rites is benevolent. Once you can do this, you will be unanimously considered a man of benevolenc

30、e. Such a practice wholly depends on oneself, not on anybody else.” Yan Hui asked again, “How can one carry on such a practice?” Confucius answered, “Do not look at things that do not accord with the rites; do not listen to things that do not accord with the rites; do not do anything that does not a

31、ccord with the rites.”58子曰：“君子成人之美，不成人之恶。小人反是。”Confucius said, “A gentleman helps others fulfill good deeds and never helps them in bad deeds. A petty man just does the opposite.”59曾子曰：“君子以文会友，以友辅仁。”Zeng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, said, “A gentleman makes friends through his learning and cultivate

32、s virtue and benevolence through those friends.”60子曰：“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。”Confucius said, “If the ruler acts properly, the common people will obey him without being ordered to; if the ruler does not act properly, the common people will not obey him even after repeated injunctions.”61子曰：“无欲速，无见小利。欲速则

33、不达；见小利则大事不成。”Confucius said, “Do not make haste, do not covet small gains. If you make haste, you cannot reach your goal; if you covet small gains, your efforts will not culminate in great achievements.”62子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”Confucius said, “A gentleman unites with people of principle and never follo

34、ws others blindly. A petty man follows others blindly without regard to principle.”63子曰：“君子泰而不骄，小人骄而不泰。”Confucius said, “A gentleman always keeps even-tempered without being arrogant while a petty man is arrogant without being even-tempered.”64子曰：“刚、毅、木、讷近仁。”Confucius said, “The four qualities of un

35、yieldingness, resoluteness, modesty, and cautiousness in speech can make a person almost benevolent.” 65子曰：“君子上达，小人下达。”Confucius said, “The gentleman achieves benevolence while the petty man achieves material gains.”66子曰：“古之学者为己，今之学者为人。”Confucius said, “People in ancient times studied to enrich thei

36、r knowledge and improve themselves; people today study to decorate themselves and impress others.”67子曰：“不在其位，不谋其政。”Confucius said, “Do not get involved in the government affairs that are not your responsibility.”68子曰：“不患人之不己知，患其不能也。”Confucius said, “Do not worry that your abilities are not appreciat

37、ed. Just make sure that you possess them.”69子曰：“可与言而不与言，失人；不可与言而与之言，失言。知者不失人，亦不失言。”Confucius said, “To fail to speak to a man who is worth contacting is to let a man slip into uselessness; to speak to a man who is not worth communicating with is to waste words. A wise man shall not let a man slip in

38、to uselessness, nor shall he waste his words.”70子曰：“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。Confucius said, “A man of benevolence and lofty ideals should not, at the expense of benevolence, cling cravenly to life instead of braving death. He will, on the contrary, lay down his life for the accomplishment of benevolence.

39、”71子贡问为仁。子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。居是邦也，事其大夫之贤者，友其士之仁者。”Zi Gong asked how to practice benevolence. Confucius said, “A craftsman must prepare his tools beforehand in order to do his work well. Similarly, in a country, one must serve those among the senior officials who are virtuous, and make friends with those

40、 among the educated who are benevolent.”72子曰：“人无远虑，必有近忧。”Confucius said, “Worries will soon appear if one gives no thought to a long-term plan.” 73子曰：“躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣。”Confucius said, “Being strict with oneself and lenient to others is sure to save one from ill will.” 74子曰：“君子义以为质，礼以行之，孙以出之，信以成之。君子哉！”

41、“A man may be said to be a true gentleman only if he takes fairness as his basic life principle, observes the rites in his behavior, speaks with modesty, and acts with earnestness.”75子曰：“君子病无能焉，不病人之不己知也。”“A gentleman fears his own lack of talent more than others failure to understand him.”76子曰：“君子求诸

42、己，小人求诸人。”“A gentleman sets strict demands on himself while a petty man sets strict demands on others.”77子曰：“君子矜而不争，群而不党。”“A gentleman is grave without being contentious, and keeps harmonious relationships with others without forming cliques.”78子曰：“君子不以言举人，不以人废言。”“A gentleman does no promote a man wh

43、ose words are pleasant to his ear, neither does he disdain his correct words, for he is an unpleasant man.”79子贡问曰：“有一言而可以终身行之者乎？”子曰：“其恕乎！己所不欲勿施于人。”Zi Gong asked, “Is there a single word that a man can follow as his life guide?” Confucius said, “Yes. It is, perhaps, the word forbearance. Do not impos

44、e upon others what you do not desire yourself.”80子曰：“巧言乱德。小不忍，则乱大谋。”“Sweet words will ruin ones virtue; lack of patience in small matters will bring destruction to overall plans.”81子曰：“众恶之，必察焉；众好之，必察焉。”“Be sure to look into the case if a man is disliked by all the people around him. Be sure, too, to

45、 look into the case if he is liked by all the people around him.”82子曰：“过而不改，是谓过矣。”“Not to correct the mistake one has made is to err indeed.”83子曰：“吾尝终日不食，终夜不寝，以思，无益，不如学也。”“I once spent day and night in cudgeling my brains without taking meals and sleep. But all my efforts turned out to be of little

46、effect. I should have spent all that time learning steadily.”84子曰：“君子不可小知，而可大受也；小人不可大受，而可小知也。”“A gentleman can be entrusted to great responsibilities without being tested in small matters. A petty man can stand the test of small matters, but he can never be entrusted to great responsibilities.”85子曰：

47、“当仁，不让于师。”“In the face of benevolence, do not give precedence even to your teacher.”86子曰：“有教无类。”“In educating, I treat everyone the same.”87子曰：“道不同，不相为谋。”“People who follow different political paths do not take counsel with one another.”88子曰：“辞达而已矣。”“It is enough that ones words get the ideas across.” 89孔子曰：“君子有三戒：少之时，血气未定，戒之在色；及其壮也，血气方刚，戒之在斗；及其老也，血气既衰，戒之在得。”“A gentleman should maintain vigilance against three things: In youth when the vital spirits are not yet settled, he