2021届上海市普陀区高三英语二模概要写作指导学案

1、2021普陀二模 Does Kilimanjaro Still Have Its Beauty?乞力马扎罗山现在仍然美丽吗？Kilimanjaro is a watershed (分水岭) between Tanzania and Kenya. It is a volcano and a snowy mountain.Surrounded by mountain forests, Kilimanjaro is home to numerous mammals, some of which are endangered. Kilimanjaro was established as a nati

2、onal park in 1968and was added to the World Heritage List in 1981. In the Tanzanians mind, Kilimanjaro is not just a bright mountain, and it is also an interesting mountain. Kilimanjaro is a world-famous tourist resort with the worlds explorers and mountain enthusiasts gathering there.乞力马扎罗山是坦桑尼亚和肯尼

3、亚之间的分水岭。 它是一座火山和一座雪山。乞力马扎罗山周围环绕着山林，是众多哺乳动物的家园，其中一些濒临灭绝。 乞力马扎罗山于 1968 年作为国家公园建立，1981 年被列入世界遗产名录。在坦桑尼亚人的心目中，乞力马扎罗山不仅是一座明亮的山峰，也是一座有趣的山峰。 乞力马扎罗山是世界著名的旅游胜地，世界探险家和山地爱好者云集于此。 Every year about 40.000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The

4、 crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, Im wondering about the placeother destinations arc described as purer natural experiences.每年约有 40,000 人尝试攀登非洲最高的山峰乞力马扎罗山。 他们带来了很多废物。 拥挤的人群可能会破坏这个地方的美感。 冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎

5、罗山的面貌。 听到这些故事，我想知道这个地方 - 其他目的地被描述为更纯粹的自然体验。 However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. T find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the

6、 Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.然而，我很快发现，自从关于成吨垃圾中的营地令人不安的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大变化。 找到一座干净的山，在营地和小路上都有厕所。 环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在取得成效。 The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This

7、view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends suddenly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes low clouds envelope the mountainsides covered

8、with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (砾石) , stones and rocks. Finally, you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.在我看来，乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不是登顶。 山被许多文化视为精神之地。 这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为

9、明显，因为登山者在几公里的空间内穿越了五个生态系统。 基地是热带雨林。 它突然在 3, 000 米处结束，让位于低矮植物的土地。 再往上，天气发生了变化低云笼罩着覆盖着厚草的山腰。 我从我站立的地方数出十二道绿色。 4、000米以上为高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。 最后，您会爬上一个类似北极的区域，那里有永久的积雪和可能很快就会消失的冰川。 Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the

10、 opposite to be true.乞力马扎罗山名副其实，人山人海，游客络绎不绝，破坏了和平的气氛？ 我发现事实正好相反。 【参考答案】 Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa, is a world-famous tourist attraction. The beauty of Kilimanjaro is believed to have been spoiled by pollution because explorers and climbers throughout the world gather there every yea

11、r. But later Kilimanjaro is found to own good ecological environments with the efforts of the park administrators. So, Kilimanjaro doesnt deserve that kind of bad reputation. (60 words) 乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山峰，是世界著名的旅游胜地。 人们认为乞力马扎罗山的美丽被污染破坏了，因为世界各地的探险家和登山者每年都聚集在那里。 但后来在公园管理者的努力下，发现乞力马扎罗山拥有良好的生态环境。 所以，乞力马扎罗山不

12、应该有那种坏名声。 (60 字) 概要写作的写作步骤第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留

13、主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard u

14、p for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these moun

15、tains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better t

16、ransportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用

17、but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his

18、knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggest