中考英语语法知识难点和练习

1、英语语法知识难点例题（一） 形容词和副词要点A 形容词1、 形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：He is honest and hardworking.I found the bookeresting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their famis.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状

2、大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：the second fiveeresting big new red Chiwall prs.2、 形容词比较等级的形式（1） 规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; -est 来级；其他双音节词及多音节词加 more, most.如：great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the)most important（2） 不规则形式 good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (muc

3、h)-more-most little-less-least（3） 形容词比较等级的用法和最高+n. 如：表示两者的比较，用形容词的He is cleverern the other boys.This one is more beautiful表示两者以上的比较，用the +形容词nt one.（+名词）+of(in) 如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.表示两者是同等程度，用as +形容词原级+as. 如：He is as tall as I.I have as many books as you. 越 越例如：The more I learn,

4、the happier I am. You can never be too careful. 越越好又如：You can nevraise the teacher too highly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。 My English is no bettern yours.英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B副词1、 副词的种类（1） 时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just

5、, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等（2） 地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away,outside 等。方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, poliy,nervously 等。程度副词 如：almost, nearly, much, grey, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。2、 副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词前可省略定冠词。如：O

6、f all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.We must work harder.3、 某些副词在用法上的区别（1） already, yet, stillalready 表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet 表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：Weve already watchedI havent finished myt film.yet.He still works until late every night.（2） too, as well,

7、 also, eithertoo, as well 和 also 用于肯定句和疑问句，too 和 as well 多用于口语，一般放在句末，而 also 多用于语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either 用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.He didnt go there either.I like you as well. I also went there.(3) hard, hardlyhardly 意为几乎与 hard 在词义上完全不同。如：I work hard every day.I can hardly remember(4) late

8、, layt.lay 意为最近、近来，late 意为晚、迟。如：He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lay?例 1 Toms father thinks he is already A high enoughB tall enoughC enough highC enough tall：该题正确是B。修饰人高用 tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选 B。例 2 the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicine B The more

9、 medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken：该题正确为 B。the+形容词+ , the +形容词病越是加重。+意为越，越。该句意为：吃的药越多，例 3I havent been to London yet.I havent been there .A tooB alsoC eitherD neither：该题正确为 C。A 和 B 都用于肯定句中。D-neither 本身意为否定两者都不，而 C-either 则用于否定句中，意为也。例 4 Mr Smith was moved at the news.

10、A deepB deeplyC very deepD quite deeply：该题正确为 B。A. deep 用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如 dig deep,而 B-deeply 则修饰表示感彩的词，如该题为 deeply moved.另如 deeply regret等。而 D-quite 和 deeply 均为副词，不能互相修饰。（二） 介词I 要点1、介词和种类简单介词，常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。复合介词，如 by means of, along with, because of

11、, in front of, instead of等。2、介词和其他词类的搭配关系（1）about 等。（2）（3）和动词的搭配，如 agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care和形容词的搭配，如 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at和名词的搭配，如 answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有 right, just, badly, all, well, direct

12、ly, compley 等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opite the school.4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例（1） at, on, in（表时间）表示时间点用 at,如 at four oclock, at midnight 等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用 at,如 att time, at Christmas 等。指某天用 on, 如 on Monday, onof November, 指某天的朝夕用 on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of Septem

13、ber lst 等。指长于或短于一天的时段用 in,如1999 等。he afternoon, in February, in Summer, in（2） betn, among（表位置）betn 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用 betn, 如Im sitting betThe villagen Tom and Alice.s betn three hills.among 用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.（3） beside, besidesbeside 意为在旁边，而 besides 意为除之

14、外。如：He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?（4）he tree, on the treehe tree 指动物或人在树上，而 on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上（5）on the way,he way, by the way,he way 指挡道his wayon the wayby the way指在指顺便问一句his way 用这样的方法（6）he corner, at the cornerhe corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外（7）he morning, on the morninghe

15、 morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨（8）by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车II 例题例 1 Do you know any other foreign languageEnglish?A except B bbeside D besides：A、B 两项 except 等于but，意为除了，C-beside 意为在旁边，不符合题意。而 D-besides,意为除了之外，还有。所以该题正确为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例 2 He suddenly returned a r

16、ainy night.A on B at C in D during：均知道，at night 这一短语，但如果 night 前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词 on 来修饰，故该题正确为 A。例 3 Im looking forward your letter.A to B in C at D on：该题正确为 A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为期望、盼望。（三） 连词I 要点1、 连词的种类（1）并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如 and, for, or, bo eitheror, neithernor 等。nd,（2） 从属连词用来引导从句，如t, if,

17、 whether, when, after, as soon as 等。除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。2、 常用连词举例(1)and 和，并且They dr(2) boand sang all night.nd 和， 既也Both my parents and I went there.but 但是，而Im sad, but he is happy.eitheror 或或， 要么要么 Either youre wrong, or I am.for 因为I asked him to

18、stay, for I had something tol him.(6) however 然而，Af, he didnt want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.neithernor 既不也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.not onlybut(also) 不但而且He not only sings well, but also danor 或者，否则Hurry up, or youll be late. Are you a worker or a doctor?so

19、 因此，所以Its getting late, so I must go.although 虽然well.Although it was late, they went on working.(12) as soon as 一 就Illl him as soon as I see him.(13) because 因为He didnt go to school, because he was ill.unless 除非，如果不I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow.until 直到He didnt leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于 not

20、 until 结构) He stayed there until eleven.while 当时候，而 (表示对比)While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while 后不可用瞬间动词) My pen is red while his is blue.for 因为He was ill, for he didnt come. (结论是推断出来的)since 自从I have lived here since my uncle left.hardly when 一 就I had hardly got to the sion when the t

21、rain left.（20）as far as 就 来说As far as I know,t country is very small.You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)II 例题例 1 John plays football , if not bettern, David. A as well B as well as C so well D so well as：该题意为：John 踢足球如果不比 David 好的话，那也踢得和 David一样好。 和一样好为 as well as. 故该题正确为 B。例 2 She thought I

22、was talking about her daughter, , in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A when B where C which D while：该处意为然而，只有 while 有此意思，故选 D。例 3 Would you like a cup of coffee shall we get down to business rightaway?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise：该处意为或者，正确为 C。英语语法知识难点（二）（四）动词时态、语态要点1、 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的

23、状态，常与 sometimes, always, often, every day 等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun. 2、 现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与 now, at present 等时间状语连用。如：What are young now?(2) 和 always, continually 等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：He is alwaysng good deeds.3、 现在完成时主要

24、表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与 just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 tomorrow, next year 等连用。如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. Were going to see a film next Monday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yeste

25、rday,last year, in 1998, a moment ago 等词连用。如：I6、过去进行时ppened many years ago.表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：What were young this time yesterday? 7、 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：The train had already left before we arrived.、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：He said he would come, but he didnt.语态的时态，以 give 为例。、

26、语态II例题例 I learnedt her father in 1950.A had died B died C dead D is dead：该题正确为。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语 in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。时式一般进行完成现在am /is /aregivenam/is /arebeing givenhas /havebeen given过去was/were givenwas /werebeing givenhad been given将来Shall/will begivenshall /will h

27、ave beengiven过去将来Should/wouldbe givenshould /wouldhave been given例 The five-year-old girl by harents. A is looked B has looked forC is being looked for D has been looked：该题正确为。在带有介词的动词短语用于语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于语态的句子中。（五）动词虚拟语气I 要点表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的语中。、 虚拟语气的注：

28、如果条件从句谓语动词包含有 were 或 had, should, could 有时可将 if 省去,但要倒装。如：Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用（）在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是should(可省) 动词，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一：It is nesary (important, natural, strange, etc)t句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc)t情景条件从句的谓语动词主

29、句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式 （be 要用were）should /would+动词与过去事实相反had +过去分词Should/would+have+过去分词与将来事实相反、动词过去时 、should +动词、were to +动词should /would动词句型三：It iggested (requested, proed, desired, etc)t如： It is strangeIt is a pityt he (should) have donet.t he (should) be so careless.It is requestedt we (should) be s

30、o careless.（） 在宾语从句中用于 suggest, proe, move, insist, desire, demand, request,order,d 等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接令和建议。其谓语形式是(should)+动词。如：I suggestt we (should) go swimming.（） 在表语从句中，表示间接令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是 suggestion, proal, request, orders, idea 等。从句谓语形式是(should)动词。如：t we (should) leave at once.Higgestion i

31、s（） 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是(should)动词。如：We received ordert the work be done at once.（）在 It is timet句型中，其谓语动词形式是动词的过去式或shouldschool.动词,should 不可省。如：Its time (t) we went ( should go) toII 例题例 We had hoped A stays B have stayet he longer.tayed D would stay：该题正确为。had hoped 表示本希望，同样用法的动词还有 think, expect 等，后面的句子需用虚

32、拟语气例 Mary wants to see you today.I would rather she tomorrown today.A comes B came C should come D will come：该题正确为。would rather 后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。例 Had she been older, she it better.A had doneB mighve doneC might doD would do：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确为。（六）短语动词I 要点英语中有许多短语动词在

33、意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的主要有以下六种：（） 动词介词常见的有 look for 寻找, look after 照料, send for 派人去找, care about 关心, ask for 要求, laugh at 嘲笑, hear of (from)听说, add to 加上, lead to 导致，等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Dont laugh at others. I didnt care about it.（） 动词副词常见的有 give up 放弃, pick up 捡起

34、, think over 考虑 , find out 找出, hand in 上交, poout等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：Youll hand in yourtomorrow.Please dont fet to hand it in.（） 动词副词介词常见的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：All his money added up to no

35、moren $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.（） 动词名词介词常见的有 take care of 照顾, make use of 利用, pay attention to 注意, make fun of取笑，等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.（） 动词形容词常见的有 leave open 打开, set free 解放, cut open

36、砍开，等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：The prisoners were set free. He cut it open.（） 动词名词常见的有 take place 发生, make friends 交朋友，等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：This story took place three years ago.I make friends wi（7）辨析give away(让给，lot of people.) 和 give up（放弃，停止）put away（放起，收起） 和 put

37、 out （扑灭）turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打开）keep out（） 和 keep off （不让靠近）make up（编造，补上） 和 make out（辨认）take off（脱，起飞） 和 take out（拿出）II 例题例 It is wise to have some money for old age. A put away B kept up C given away D laid up：该题正确为。意为存；keep up 意为继续；give away 意为分发；lay up贮藏。例 Heres my card. Lets ken .A touchB

38、 relationC connectionD friendship：该题正确为 A. ken touch 为短语动词，意为保持联系。例 ! Theres a train coming.A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on：该题选 A. look out 意为。（七）动词不定式I 要点、 不定式的形式。以动词 write 为例。、 不定式的句能（） 作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以 it 作形式主语，而不

39、定式置于谓语动词后。如：Its nice to hear from you.Its not easy to be a good teacher.（） 作宾语通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn,pretend, refuse, manage, help 等词后。如：I fot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.（） 作表语My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have h

40、eard nothing.（） 作定语不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do.（） 作宾补式语态主动语态语态一般式to writeto be written完成式to have writtento have been written进行式to be writing完成进行式to have been writing通常用于 want, wish, ask, order,后。如：l, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force 等词He or

41、dered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order.（） 作状语He got up early to catch thebus.He worked hard to catch up with the other students.（） 作独立成分Tol you the truth, I told a.（） 疑问词不定式结构。 如：I dont know how to choose them. I cannot decide where to go.不定式的否定式。如：I decided not to go.不定式的完成式。如：

42、He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital lastk.（11）tooto 结构。如：He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)（12）主动表。如：The book is easy to read.I have a book to read.II例题例 I havent got a chair .A to sit B for to

43、sit on C to sit on D for sitting：该题选 C。不定式 to sit on 在句中作定语，修饰名词 chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是动宾关系，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处 on 不能省略。例 2 He was made .A goB goneC goingD to go如果是形式，不定式 do 前的 to 不能省：该题选 D。make sb. do sth.略。例 3 A new factory is very soon. A to be built B builtC to build D to building：该题选 A。is to be bui

44、lt 意为将要被建。（八）动名词I 要点动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句能。、 动名词的形式，以 write 为例。否定式 not +动名词、 动名词的用法（） 作主语Playing football is my favorite sport.Travelling with friends atkend is fun.作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用 it 作形式主语。如：It is fun travelling with friends at（） 作宾语kend.I enjoy playing PC game.He gave up writing five years ago.（

45、） 作表语式 | 语态主动语态语态一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been writtenWhat he hated most wasng nothing.Seeing is beving.动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。（） 作定语Theres a dining roomy school.All the people watching laughed.所有的人笑了。（） 动名词的复合结构物主代词（或名词的所有格）+动名词。如：Toms going home late made her mot

46、her angry. Would you mind my opening the window?不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）。无生命名词The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.有了氧气的作用，火燃烧得更好了。有生命名词，但是表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking?泛指所有吸烟两个以上的有生命的名词并列。Do you still remember my pare

47、nts and me coming to see yout day?3后面常接动名词的动词和短语动词 mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, imagine,keep, suggest, advise,allow, permit, 短语 be worthng, be used tong, be busyng,ng,cant helpng, it is no goodng, it is no uselook forward tong, stick tong, pay attention tong,devote tong, lead tongII例题例 S

48、he says she doesnt feel like out with you.A going B to go C f：该题正确oing D went为 A。 feel like = want, 此处 like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语例 The garden needs .A water B watering C to water D watered：该题正确为 B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或 to be done 这一结构作宾语。例 Excuse me you.ACerrupting B toerrupterrupted

49、 D to haveerrupted：该题正确为 A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的 me 为动名词的逻辑主语（常用于口语中）。（九）分词I 要点分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。过去分词的句能：、 作定语I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.The woman sitting beside the br

50、oken window was a friend of mine.、 作表语When I cameImerestedo the room, I found the window was broken.his book.、 作宾语补足语Im going to have my bike repaired.When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the 4、作状语.Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.The teacher cameo the classroom, foll

51、owed by his students.现在分词的句能。1、作状语Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful. Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.2、作宾语I hate being spoken ill of.He considered visiting Japan during the wer vocation. 3、作表语Seeing is beThe book isving.眼见为实eresting.4、作宾语补足语I noticed

52、 him crossing the street.Mother caught him smoking5、作定语he kitchen.Do you know the man writing a letter?The worker running a machine is my brother.分词使用中的几个问题1、现在分词的完成式Having cleaned the room, I went out. 2、现在分词的否定式Noving received any letter, he felt a little worried.3、现在分词与过去分词的不同现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示、完

53、成I found the milled there.I found the man standing there.4、have 结构We have the car repaired. We have repaired the car. We have Tom repair the car.We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning. 5、分词作表语We were excited at the news.The football game is exciting. 6、独立主格结构It being a fine day, we went out

54、 to visit the park.II 例题例 1、Time， Ill go on aic with you.A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting：该题为 D。 Time permitting是独立主格结构，意为如果时间允许的话例 2、if he had any bad habit, she repA. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Askingdt he was a heavy smoker.：该题为 C。主语 she 是被问。英语语法知识难点（三）（十）情态动词与助动词I 要点助动词本身无意义，在句中帮

55、助主要动词一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有 be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起谓语，主要的情态动词有 can(could), may (might),must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.1、can 能，可以，表说话人同意，如:You can go now.还可表客观条件提建议或请求时可用 can I, can you 表客气，如 Ca

56、n I buy you a drink?can 和 be able to 表能力时的区别。can 表一般具有的能力，be able to 表在特定条件下的能力，如:Although thedriver was badly hurt, he was able to explain wha2、mayd happened.（1）、可以，表说话人同意，或请求对方。You may go.（2）、（现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如 He may not be right.3、must, have tomust 表上的必须，have to 表客观上的必须，如:Its getting lat

57、e. I have to go.-Must I go now. -Yes, you must.(No, you neednt./ No, you donve to.)4、need, dare 这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式 to do，如用作情态动词后接动词must./No, you neednt.)。Need I go now? -Yes, you5、shall 用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或Shall we begin our lesson?方请求，如，等口吻，如: You shall用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺fail i

58、f you dont work harder.6、should 表应该，意为有责任，有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.7、will 表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如 Will you lend me your book? Yes, I will.，8、should have done 表应该做而未做musve done 表对过去事实的肯定推测could have done 表本可以做某事9、判断句：肯定句用 must, 否定句用 cant, 不太肯定用 may, mightHe must be

59、He musHe cant beHe couldnhe office now.ve gone to bed, for the light is out. he office. He is at home.ve cleaned the classroom, because he didnt come here today.He might beHe mighhe office, I am not sure.ve cleaned the room, I supe.II 例题例 1，They to walkhe streeC. not daremight.D. dared notA. didnt d

60、are，该题B. not dared为 A， 此空需选一动词作谓语，因为后面是 to walk, didnt dare是行为动词 dare 过去时态的否定形式。例 2，When he was very old, Mr. Smith sit for hours without saying a word.A. wouldB. shouldC. mustD. used，该题为 A, would 此处表过去的倾向性，性动作，意为总是如: When we were children, we would go swimming every summer.（十一）句子种类I 要点句子按使用目的可分为陈述句