2022医学课件外科绪论

1、外科学绪论Introduction of Surgery第一页，共二十五页。一、现代外科学的开展 Development of Modern Surgery解剖学 AnatomyJohn Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.第二页，共二十五页。麻醉 AnesthesiaWillam t.G. Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anes

2、thesia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery第三页，共二十五页。3. 抗菌术 AntisepsisJoseph Lister (1827-1912), the originator of antiseptic surgery第四页，共二十五页。输血 Blood transfusionRichard Lewisohn (1875-1961), a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital, intro

3、duced the modern technique of blood transfusion, developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body.Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. He is best known for his identification and charact

4、erization of the human blood groups, A, B, and O.第五页，共二十五页。Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid. He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), professor at the University of Vienna and

5、pioneer abdominal surgeon, Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.Innovators & Pioneers in Surgery第六页，共二十五页。John H. Gibbon (1903-1973), pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation.Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), an experimental surgeon interested in woun

6、d healing, tissue culture, organ transplantation, and blood vessel anastomosis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.第七页，共二十五页。傅培彬 (1912-1989), 瑞金医院外科创始人第八页，共二十五页。1954 二尖瓣别离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis1958 大面积灼伤 Severe Burn1963 断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb1977 肝移植 The 1st case of Liver tran

7、splantation 1978 心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation1990s- 二医外科全面开展灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科 Burn surg, Digestive S., P. Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科 Stomatological S. Plastic S. Pediatric Cardio S.The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China第九页，共二十五页。二、外科学范畴Category of Surgery外科疾病分类Classification

8、 of Surgical Diseases1) 损伤 Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electrical2) 感染 Infection3) 肿瘤 Neoplasia Benign, Malignant4) 畸形 Anatomical abnormalities Congenital, Acquired第十页，共二十五页。5) 内分泌功能失调 Metabolic & Hormonal disorder6) 堵塞与缺血 Infarction & Ischamia7) 其它 Others梗阻Obstruction寄生虫病Parasite diseases静脉曲

9、张Vein varicose第十一页，共二十五页。2. 外科专业开展 Development of Surgical Specialties工作对象和性质实验外科 Eexperimental Surgery临床外科 Clinical Surgery第十二页，共二十五页。2) 人体解剖系统骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery颌面外科Dentofacial surgery心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery泌尿外科Urologic surgery神经外科Neurosurgery普通外科General surgery(腹部外科) Abdominal surgery第十

10、三页，共二十五页。3) 性病性质 肿瘤外科Neoplastic surgery急症外科Emergency surgery创伤外科Trauma surgery烧伤外科Burn surgery4) 手术方式整复外科Plastic surgery显微外科Microsurgery移植外科Transplantation微创外科Minimally invasive surgery第十四页，共二十五页。5) 年龄 小儿外科Pediatric Surgery 成人外科Adult Surgery6) 专业 妇科Gynecology 耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology 眼科Ophthalmology第十五页，共

11、二十五页。3. 外科总论与各论 General Surgery & Special Surgery 外科学总论 General Surgery 各临床外科共同的专业根底 根底医学与临床外科学的桥梁外科学各论Special Surgery 论述各系统、各脏器 外科疾病的病因、病理、诊断与治疗第十六页，共二十五页。 外科分子生物学 Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫学 Surgical immunology 无菌术 Aseptic technique 外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡 Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base

12、balance 输血 Blood transfusion第十七页，共二十五页。外科休克Surgical shock外科营养Surgical nutrition多器官功能障碍综合征Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS麻醉Anesthesia外科重症监测治疗Surgical intensive care第十八页，共二十五页。心肺脑复苏 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation疼痛治疗Pain management & Analgesia围手术期处理Paraoperative management门诊外科Outpatient

13、 surgery外科感染Surgical infection肿瘤Neoplasma第十九页，共二十五页。创伤Trauma烧伤与冷伤Burns & Cold injury显微外科Microsurgery器官移植Organ transplantation组织工程Tissue engineering腔镜外科Laparoscopic & thorascopic surgery内镜外科Endoscopic surgery外科介入治疗Surgical intervention treatment第二十页，共二十五页。三、如何学习外科How to learn surgery外科医师的职业道德 Moral C

14、haracter理论联系实践Theory and Practice外科根底Basic theoryBasic knowledgeBasic technique第二十一页，共二十五页。Spunk of tiger 胆大形象化的要求Some figure of speech about the basic demandsEyes of eagle 眼明Hands of women 手巧Heart of mother 心细第二十二页，共二十五页。学 问- Learn to find questions- Learn to ask questions- Learn to solve questionsBooks are you best teachersLibrary is your best school第二十三页，共二十五页。结束语Now, you may have a good start- why to l