【专题04】2021年中考英语核心词汇详解E字部

1、2021 年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题四 E 字部1. edgen.边缘关联词组：on the edge of在的边缘熟词僻义：edge 还可以用来表示“优势”，例如：competitive edge 竞争优势；常用于 have an edge over的 结构，表示“略胜一筹，比更有优势”：You have an edge over your competitors.你们比竞争对手有优势。同义词：advantage n.优点，优势（2021，浙江卷，阅读 B）To avoid accidents, some trampolines have 8 safety net around t

2、hem. Remember: whenever you are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it.2. educationn.教育，培养关联词组：physical education=.体育课，体育教育；higher education 高等教育词性转换：educate v.教育，培养；educated adj.受过教育的，有教养的（2021，湖北卷，阅读 B）70. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraphA.

3、Advice on how to sleep well.B. Ways of changing kids education.C. The importance of sleeping well. D. Measures parents and schools should take3. effortn.努力，艰难的尝试 eq oac(,1)表示“作出努力”，通常用 make an effort 这样的形式，其中 an 可换成 another/one more，every 等；如果 中间不使用限定词，则 effort 需用复数，即 make efforts：You must make effo

4、rts to achieve your dream. 你必须好好努力实现你的梦想。 eq oac(,2)表示做某事的努力，通常在 effort 后面接 to do 结构：He made every effort to get it.他竭尽全力得到它。 eq oac(,3)更多短语：spare no effort 不遗余力；without effort 毫不费力（2021，北京卷，阅读 D）When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the lib

5、rary4. electricadj.电的，带电的，用电的electric 和 electrical 的区别： eq oac(,1)electric 指“电的，带电的，用电的”，被修饰的物体本身可带电，如 electric guitar 电吉他 eq oac(,2)electrical 指“与电有关的，电气科学的”，被修饰的对象本身不带电，如 electrical engineer 电气工程师 关联词组：electric car 电车；electric power 电功率，电源；electric system 电力系统；electric energy 电能 词性转换：electricity n

6、.电，电流（2021，山东卷，阅读 C）Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity.5. encouragev.鼓励用法：encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事词性转换：courage n.勇气；encouragement n.鼓励；encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的反义词：discourage v.阻止，使气馁（2021，北京卷，阅读 B）That encouraged Sally

7、and she worked even harder.6. endn.末尾，终点，结束；v.结束，终止名词词组：in the end=at last=finally 最后，终于；at the end of 在尽头；在结束时；from beginning to end 自始至终；put an end to sth.结束（终止）某事；sth. comes to an end 某事结束了动词词组：end in sth. 以为结尾；以为结果；end up with/doing sth. 最终成为，最后处于； 以告终反义词：start，begin v.开始；beginning n.开始，起初（2021，

8、浙江卷，阅读 C）But the peace ended the day the British mans pig decided to eat some of an American farmers potatoes.7. energyn.能量，能源；精力关联词组：new energy 新能源；clean energy 清洁能源；save energy 节约能源；full of energy 充满活力 用法：put (all) sbs energies into sth.表示“把某人的（全部）精力投入到某事中”；常和 time 并列使用： She put all her energies i

9、nto her work.她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。（2021，北京卷，完形）I dont regret putting time and energy into the election because Ive learned that things arent always going the way I expect.8. enjoyv.享受，喜欢 eq oac(,1)enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 玩的开心，过的愉快； eq oac(,2)enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth.喜欢做某事，乐于做某事；注意

10、enjoy 后面不接动词不定式； eq oac(,3)通常 enjoy 为及物动词，后面要接宾语。例外是在口语中可以说“Enjoy!”，表示请对方好好享受（用）。 词性转换：enjoyment n.享受，乐趣；enjoyable adj.令人愉快的（2021，浙江卷，单项填空）Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our_- Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.A. hotel B. school C. factory D. company9. enoughadj.足够的，充分的；adv.足够地，充分地 eq oac(

11、,1)作形容词：可作为限定词修饰名词，要么修饰不可数名词，要么修饰可数名词复数；常用句式有： enough+名词+for或者 enough+名词+(for sb.) to do sth.：There is enough food for all people.有足够多的食物给所有人吃。I have enough time to finish the job.我有充足的时间来完成这项工作。 eq oac(,2)作副词：enough 要放在被修饰的形容词/副词之后；常用句式有：形容词/副词+enough+(for sb.) to do sth.： This article is not easy

12、enough for you to understand.这篇文章对你们来说太难理解了。（2021，山东卷，词性转换）62. The little boy said, I am old enough to take good care of _.(my)10. enterv.进入；输入，登记用法： eq oac(,1)enter 后面可接宾语，也可不接；通常不用被动语态； eq oac(,2)还可用在与计算机相关的语境，表示“输 入，登录，登记”； eq oac(,3)enter for 表示“报名参加（考试、比赛）”。词性转换：entrance n.进入；入口：No Entrance.禁止入

13、内；entrance exam 入学考试同义词：enter=go into=get into（2021，山东卷，阅读 D）The smallest plastic particles can enter the blood, the lymphatic （淋巴）system, and may even reach the liver (肝脏), said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research.11. environmentn.环境关联词组：natural environment 自然环境；living/working/social env

14、ironment 生活/工作/社会环境；protect the environment 保护环境词性转换：environmental adj.环境的：environmentally friendly 环保的（2021，北京卷，阅读 C）One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when were exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences.12. especiallyadv.特别，尤其 eq oac(,1)especially 在句中可修饰名词、动词

15、、形容词、介词短语等，一般放在被修饰词的前面：Its very cold in winter, especially in Beijing.冬天很冷，尤其是在北京。 eq oac(,2)especially 在句中还可用来修饰状语从句：Sunglasses are very useful especially when the sun is strong.太阳镜 非常有用，尤其是阳光很强的时候。 eq oac(,3)especially 在逻辑上已有极限意义，故无比较等级。易混单词：specially adv.特别地；特意，专门：He bought the flower specially f

16、or her.他特意为她买了鲜花。（2021，山东卷，阅读表达）The audience found this announcement especially _13_ and started to throw even more money onto the stage.13. A. funny B. lucky C. helpful D. painful13. everyadj.每一，每个的用法：every 表示“每个”，其后通常接可数名词单数，一般不接名词复数或不可数名词。every 和 each 的区别： eq oac(,1)every 只能做形容词，而且 each 还可以用作代词，直

17、接充当主语或者宾语。 eq oac(,2)二者均指“每个”，但 every 侧重全体；而 each 侧重各个个体，比较：I know every member of the class.全班的人我都认识。（概括全体）I know each member of the class.这个班的每个人我都认识。（“个别”意义更重。） eq oac(,3)every 指三个或以上的“每个”，不能指两者中的“每个”；each 则可以，如：误：There are trees on every side of the road.正：There are trees on each side of the roa

18、d.关联单词：everybody/everyone pron.每人，人人；everyday adj.每日的，日常的；everything pron.每件事， 事事；everywhere adv.到处（2021，北京卷，单项填空）with his friends every weekend.A. skates B. is skating C. has skated D. was skating（2021，浙江卷，单项填空）instructions tell us everything _ about how to make the model ship.A. by hand B. by chan

19、ce C. in detail D. in person14. examinev.检查，调查近义词：check v.检查，核对词性转换：examination n.检查，调查；（=exam）考试：final examination 期末考试；examination paper 考 试卷；entrance examination 入学考试；take an examination 参加考试（2021，山东卷，阅读 B）The students took a science exam before the study. After the six-week study, they took anot

20、her.15. examplen.例子，榜样关联词组：for example 例如；give an example 举例；takefor example 以为例子；set an example (for) （为）树立榜样for example 和 such as 的区别： eq oac(,1)for example 是列举整体之中的一个为例，常用作插入语，用逗号与主句隔开，example 之后也需要逗号； 其位置常常在句首，也可以置于句中、句末。如：Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.噪音，打个比方，也是一种污染。 eq oac

21、(,2)such as 用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物作为例子，一般用逗号和主句隔开，但 such as 之后无逗号， 直接跟名词或名词性短语。如：Some classmates of mine, such as Lucy, Lily, Jim are very generous.我的一些同学，如露西，李丽，吉姆都是很 慷慨的人。（2021，北京卷，阅读 C）For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you ha

22、ve to deal with.16. excitev.使兴奋，使激动用法：常用语 be excited doing/to do sth.，或者 be excited about/at，表示“兴奋”、“激动”的原因。 词性转换：exciting adj.令人激动的：通常是指某物令人兴奋激动，对应副词是 excitinglyexcited adj.兴奋的，激动的：指的是某人感觉到兴奋或激动，对应副词是 excitedlyexcitement n.兴奋，刺激，令人兴奋的事物（2021，山东卷，阅读 D）My grandmother is going to be 100 years old in J

23、une. Shes very excited because shes going to get a special letter from the Queen.17. exercisev.锻炼，运动；n.运动；练习；体操 eq oac(,1)名词 exercise 表示“锻炼，运动”时，为不可数名词：do/take exercise 做运动/锻炼身体 eq oac(,2)名词 exercise 表示“体操，练习”时，为可数名词，常用复数形式：do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保 健操（2021，山东卷，单项填空）21. Tennis can exercise all

24、 of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _to spend time with others. This is good for our health too.A. ours B. us C. we18. expectv.期望；预料，预期用法： eq oac(,1)expect to do sth.期望做某事；expect sb./sth. to do sth.期望做某事 eq oac(,2)expect+ that 从句，或者常用作：It is expected that预计：It is expected that the weather will be

25、 good soon.估计天气很快会好起来。词性转换：expectation n.期待，指望；expected adj.预期的，预料的（副词 expectedly）：as expected 不出 所料，正如预期；unexpected adj.出乎意外的（副词 unexpectedly）（2021 年，北京卷，完形）I dont regret putting time and energy into the election because Ive learned that things arent always going the way I expect.19. expensiveadj.昂

26、贵的，价格高的用法：expensive 表示“贵”时，主要用于说明具体的事物，而不能用来形容 price。试比较：误：The price of the coat is too expensive.正：The price of the coat is too high.正：The coat is too expensive.词性转换：expensively adv.昂贵地；expense n.花费，费用近义词：dear=costly=pricey反义词：cheap=inexpensive adj.便宜的，廉价的；（2021 年，浙江卷，阅读 B）30. How can we do trampol

27、ining safelyA. Buy an expensive trampoline. B. Jump in the center of a trampoline.C. Choose a trampoline without a net. D. Lose weight before starting trampolining.20. experiencen.经验；经历；v.经历关联词组：by experience 凭经验；working experience 工作经验；rich experience 丰富的经验；past experience 过去的经验用法： eq oac(,1)experience 表示“经验，体验”时，为不可数名词：She had no experience of life at all.她毫无生活经验。 eq oac(,2)experience 表示“经历，阅历”时，为可数名词：Tell us about your