初中英语名词性从句详解

1、初中英语名词性从句详解第1页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中- 主语宾语表语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句第2页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点2

2、0分，星期一为什么叫名词性从句？_整个从句相当于一个名词比较:The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2. 为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周. (名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的

3、一个成分 (that 除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做 从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多第3页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一 主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 他来不来没什么要紧的他什

4、么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾That无词义,不可省略What “什么”, “所.的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候”主语从句不用 if位于句首第4页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一 It 作主语的常用句型有:1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句2. It + b

5、e +名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought.) + that 从句4. It +不及物动词(seem/happen.) + that 从句 It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他

6、已告诉了她一切.注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说: It looks as if.happen只有 it 句型It is said只有 it 句型More 第5页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一 用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等)It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是)It is we

7、ll-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计)It turns out ( seems, happens, appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是) It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出)第6页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一用 it 句型翻译:据说今年高一学生要学新教材.事实是他们靠

8、自己完成了所有的任务.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest

9、 person in the world.It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略翻译: 真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.It is strange that he should be late today.strange不省略should为好第7页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一

10、表语从句1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It looks as if it were going to rain. 实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的. (其实不会)as if /as though从句常表示不真实的情况She talks as if /as though she

11、had been there before . 她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的. 又比如:4. This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that More 系动词后面第8页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法This is where Lu Xun once lived.That was how they won the match.This is why she got up so early thi

12、s morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.This is 总是现在时That is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作固定句型: This is where This is why This is ho

13、w.这就是的地方这就是的原因这就是的方法第9页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 宾语从句第10页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20

14、分，星期一whether与if的辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if第11页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about wh

15、ether I hurt her feeling.2.注意 whether和if的使用区别第12页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhether

16、whether第13页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match.Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt问题肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .Does he d

17、oubt _ you are from Austria?Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether第14页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一同位语从句被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan

18、, idea同位语从句说明它们的内容常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.The question how I did it is hard to answer.They had no idea where they should go to find some food.The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if )A thought came to me t

19、hat he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.我怎么做的这一问题难回答.他们根本不知去哪儿找食物他是否来这个问题不重要.我突然想到他可能在图书馆. 被别的词隔开that 无词义第15页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in Chi

20、na./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.第16页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientifi

21、c proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too m

22、uch time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.第17页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g. The news that our te

23、am has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。第18页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一2、两种从句都可以用that引导e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。T

24、he suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。第19页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容

25、：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）第20页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English

26、test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）第21页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别 考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 分析: (注:划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区

27、别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语. 第22页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语 考例1: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 分析:在这种

28、名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 考例2: I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语. 第23页，共4

29、2页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序 考例:The photographs will show you _ . A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题

30、句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。 第24页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别 考例1: _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与if当是否讲时的区别是:在引

31、导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if. 考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句. 第25页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考例3: It worr

32、ied her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当是否讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。第26页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例 1:It is g

33、enerally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 分析:本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;而C. whichever表示无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及一定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选. 第27页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考例2: Sarah hop

34、es to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析:本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除D.而选A. anyone则应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行. 第28页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一考点之六:考查名词性

35、从句的虚拟语气问题 考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析:本题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。 (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should) +do,常用的句型有:I. It is necessary (important, natural, str

36、ange, etc.) that. II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: It is strange that she (should) think so. 第29页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, req

37、uest, order, command等。如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. (3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. 第30页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一(4) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、

38、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如: They received orders that the work(should)be done at once. 第31页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A.

39、that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that第32页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一II. Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said

40、was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which第33页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一典型错误及归纳第34页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how ma

41、ny students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！第35页，共42页，20

42、22年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.His proposa

43、l that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？第36页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He a

44、sked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：4种情况只能用whether ： （1）位于句子开头； （2）前面有介词； （3）引导表语从句； （4）与or not连用。第37

45、页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一名词性从句试题集锦1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gen

46、tleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 第38页，共42

47、页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. Tha

48、t B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our

49、village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 第39页，共42页，2022年，5月20日，20点20分，星期一13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. wh