国际商务合同翻译教程(第三版)Unit three合同的结构

1、Unit Three合同的结构Contract Structures31 合同的前言 Preamble of a Contract32 合同的正文 Main Body of a Contract 33 合同的结尾 Final Clauses 31 合同的前言Preamble of a Contract 国际商务合同的前言部分，在合同上被称为“合同的效力条款”（validity clauses of Contracts）是合同生效的基本条件，在法律上具有重要的意义。 311 合同的名称 Name of the Contracts主要写明合同的准确名称，如“售货确认书” (Sales Confir

2、mation)，“中外合资经营企业合同”( Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures)等。312合同各方名称及法定地址 Name of the Parties and the legal place 合同各方的名称第一次在合同中出现时一定要写全名，不能缩写，只有在后面重复出现时才能用简称，简称甲方或乙方，买方或卖方，许可方或被许可方（hereinafter referred to as/hereinafter called Party A or Party B; the Buyer or the Seller; the Licensor or Licen

3、see）等；法定地址，主要指营业地、住所地、或居所所在地，即载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业务或者住所(the corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities, principal places of business or residential addresses; the date and place for signing of the contract, etc.) registered address313订约日期及地点the date and place

4、 of signing of the contract）订约日期和地点时关系到合同发生纠纷时适用于法律的问题，必须写明。314合同双方法律关系 The legal relationship 主要是在明确了当事人全称后，指明谁是买方谁是卖方，或出让方、受让方，贷款人或借款人等等。3.1.5 签约的背景对签约背景和/或目的进行事实描述The background and/or purpose or the reason for signing the contract Whereas 的意义相当于considering/in consideration of , that being the ca

5、se 等， 有时，为了合同简单明了，合同背景部分直接用“背景”这个词The government of the Peoples Republic of China and the Government of the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as the Parties);Considering the offenses against Customs laws are prejudicial to the economic, fiscal and commercial interests of their respec

6、tive countries;Considering the importance of assuring the accurate assessment of Customs duties and other taxes;have agreed as follows:背景一：是考虑违反海关法的行为有损于两国的经济、财政和贸易利益；二是考虑到正确计征关税及其他税的重要性。WHAREAS, this Agreement is supplemental to an agreement dated 5 December 2009 between the parties to this Agreeme

7、nt (the Principal Agreement) under which the Purchaser agreed to buy certain assets of the Vendor for an aggregate sum of $3 million. 本合同系为补充双方当事人此前于公元二零零九年十二月五日业已缔结之合同（以下称“主合同”所立，买方于主合同中同意向卖方购买总价值三百万美元的资产。 BACKGROUND Party A wishes to obtain some professional legal support in the ProjectParty B is

8、an international law firm, quite experienced and professional in such project and is willing to provide such professional legal service to Party A, subject to and on the terms and conditions of this agreement. 背景甲方希望就该项目获得一些专业的法律服务；乙方是一家国际律师事务所，在这种项目上有丰富的经验和专业知识，愿意根据本协议条件为甲方提供专业的法律服务316 同意订约的词句 The

9、typical sentences used at the beginning of the contract如“双方同意按以下条款及条件买卖下列货物:” Both parties agree to buy and sell the following commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: This Agreement is made and entered into in Place as of the date (DD, MM, YY) by and between This Agreemen

10、t is made and concluded in duplicate in Beijing, China by and between XYZ Company, a Corporation incorporated under the law of USA having its Head Office and a place of business in the city of New York, USA, (hereinafter called XYZ) as the Party A and China Dalian Corporation (hereinafter called Par

11、ty B) as the Second Party.In consideration of the mutual convents and agreements herein contained, the ABC and the Purchaser agree on the following terms, conditions and provisions hereof: 协议书由按美国法律成立的并在美国纽约设有总部和营业地的XYZ有限公司（以下简称XYZ）为甲方和中国大连公司（以下简称买方）为乙方在北京鉴订，一式两份。 鉴于相互契约及约定，XYZ与买方同意以下条款：*This Agreem

12、ent was made this 12th date of October 2006 in Beijing China by and between ABC Company, a company (hereinafter referred to as the Company) and the Seiji Bank Ltd. Hong Kong Branch, a bank incorporated in Japan but registered in Hong Kong (hereinafter referred to as the Bank). Whereas the Bank has a

13、greed to extend a Short-term Credit Facility for the purpose of providing general working capital to the Company, it was hereby mutually agreed as follows:本合同由在中华人民共和国注册的ABC公司（以下简称公司）和在日本成立而在香港注册的“和田”银行（以下简称银行）于2006年10月12日在北京签订。鉴于上述银行同意向上述公司提供短期贷款作为周转资金之用，合同双方特此达成协议如下：32 合同的正文Main Body of a Contract

14、 合同的正文是合同的主干部分，是合同的实质性条款，包括除了合同前言和合同的结尾的所有合同条款部分。具体细则如下：321 Type of Contract and Scope of the Object in the Contract合同的种类与合同的范围322 The Contract Price，Rate，Amount，Method of Payment， Other Various Incidental Charges 合同价 格，支付金额，支付方式和各种附带的费用 323 The Conditions for the Assignment of Contract 合同的 转让条件324

15、Liability to Pay Compensation and other Liabilities for Breach of Contract 违反合同的赔偿及责任325 The Ways for Settling Contract Disputes合同发生争议 时的解决方法3 26 Insurance Clause 保险条款32 7 Force Majeure 不可抗力条款32 8 A Period of Validity for the Contract 合同的有效期限321 合同的种类与合同的范围Type of Contract and Scope of the Object in

16、 the Contract 合同的种类包括各类对外经济贸易合同，如合资企业合同，涉外劳务合同，国际买卖合同、国际工程承包合同等。各类合同都有其自己的合同范围的条款，其中包括公司的建立，业务范围，生产经营目的，范围和规模，技术条件，质量，标准，规格，数量等条款。以及包括履行合同的期限，地点和方式等条款。322 合同价格，支付金额，支付方式和各种附带的费用The Contract Price，Rate，Amount，Method of Payment， Other Various Incidental(从属的，非经常性的） Charges。这项内容实质上由两部分组成，即：价格条件和支付条款。价格条

17、款（terms of payment）往往涉及许多复杂的内容。有时，它不仅是个价格问题，而且涉及合同各方应承担的责任、奉献和费用等问题。如国际货物销售合同中常用的两个价格术语：FOB 和CIF，当事人选择不同的价格术语，其承担的责任是截然不同的。因此，价格条款往往是双方当事人商谈的重点。支付条款也是涉及合同中较敏感的条款，它不仅涉及到不同国家的货币、外汇制度，还涉及到结算方式等一系列复杂的问题。因此，在起草这部分条款时，应详细规定支付金额（amount of payment）、支付工具（instrument of payment）、支付时间（time of payment）、支付地点（plac

18、e of payment）和支付方式(method of payment). 有关合同价格、合同款的支付以及其他有关支付条款是涉外经贸合同中极为重要的条款。事关重大，所以，在草拟这部分合同时，一定要做到用词准确、达意。除了当心语言上的问题外，还要把各种其他因素考虑在内，以避免日后发生这方面的争议。The registered capital of the Joint Venture Company shall be the same as the total amount of the investment, i.e. 4.5 million U.S.dollars (Four million

19、 and five hundred thousand U.S. Dollars). 合资公司的注册资本和投资总额相同，即为450万美元。在书写合同金额时一定要把大写金额(amount in words) 和小写金额(amount in figure)一并写明。 Party A shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Contract, pay to Party B the Technical Documentation Fee of USD 2,400,000(Two million and four hundred thousand

20、U.S.Dollars only). The above price shall be firm including all expenses for sending the technical Documentation CIF Beijing Airport, Party As technical personnel and training of Party As personnel p.93 (excluding Sub-clause 4.8 of Annex 3 and Sub-clause of Annex 4).firm offernon-firm offerpersonnel

21、department根据本合同的规定，甲方应付给乙方技术资料贰佰肆拾万美元整。上述报价为实盘，包括技术资料托运的北京机场交货价（CIF北京机场），乙方技术人员服务费和甲方人员的培训费（不包括附件3的第4.8款和附件4第5.3款）。Price of the ContractPrice of the contract shall be calculated on Royalty in accordance with the content and scope stipulated in Section 2 to the contract and the currency shall be in U

22、S Dollars.Royalty under the contract shall be paid from the month after the date of coming into force of the Contract in terms of Calendar Year. The date of settling accounts shall be December 31 of each year. Royalty at the rate of % (say percent) shall be calculated in terms of net selling price a

23、fter the Contract Products are sold in the year, the Contract products which have not been sold shall not count.The report of the selling quantity, net selling amount of the Contract Products and Royalty p.70 which should be paid for the past year shall be submitted to Licensor in written form by Li

24、censee within 10 (ten) days after the date of settling accounts to Royalty. The specific methods for calculating net selling amount and Royalty are detailed in Appendix 3 to the Contract.If Licensor demands to audit the accounts of Licensee, it shall notice Licensee within 10 (ten) days after receiv

25、ing the written notice from Licensee in accordance with Section 3.4 of the Contract.The specific content and procedure of auditing accounts are detailed in Appendix 4 to the Contract.business licenseLicensing Agreement grant a license, authorize a licenseThe record shall be preserved by JEX at a saf

26、e place for a period of three(3) years following each licensing or distribution of the Products.JEX应在本产品每次授权或行销后三年内在一个安全的地方保存此记录。 合同价格 按照第二条规定的内容和范围，本合同采用提成方式计算价格，计价的货币为美元。 本合同提成费的计算时间从合同生效之日后的第1个月开始，按日历年度计算，每年的12月31日为提成费的结算日。 提成费按当年度合同产品销售后的净销售价格计算，提成率为%，合同产品未销售出去的不应计算提成费。 在提成费结算日后10天之内接受方应以书面通知的形式

27、向许可方提交上一年度合同产品的销售数量、净销售额和应支付的提成费，净销售额和提成费的具体计算方法详见本合同附件三。 许可方如需查核接受方的账目时，应在接到接受方根据第3.4条规定开出的书面通知后10天之内通知接受方，具体的查账内容和程序详见本合同附件四。323 合同的转让条件 The Conditions for the Assignment of Contract 合同转让实质上是一种特殊的合同变更，即合同条款一方将合同中的权利或义务的全部或部分转让给合同另一方或合同以外的第三方，是主体的变更。有一类合同如中外合资企业，合作企业及外资企业还有如“交钥匙合同”等都必须有转让条款。在起草这部分内

28、容时，可以明确约定合同可以转让以及转让合同的条件和程序，但这些约定必须依法进行。If one party to the Joint Venture intends to assign all or part of its investment subscribed to a third party, consent shall be obtained from the other party to the Joint Venture and approval from the examining and approving authorities p.45is required. When o

29、ne party assigns all or part of its investment subscribed to a third party, the other party has pre-emptive right. When one party assigns its investment subscribed to a third party, the terms of assignment shall not be more favorable than those to the other party to the Joint Venture. No assignment

30、shall be effective should there be any violation of the above stipulations. subscribe. agree to contribute 中外合资企业合同中可以规定：“合营乙方如向第三方转让其全部或部分出资额，须经合营他方同意，并经审批机构批准。合营一方转让其全部或部分出资额时，合营他方有优先购买权，合营一方向第三方转让出资额的条件，不得比合营他方转让的条件优惠。违反上述规定的，其转让无效。”Party B shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Contract

31、, guarantee that he is the legitimate owner of such Know-how and such Technical Documentation as are supplied to Party A and that he is lawfully in a position to transfer the Know-how to Party A. 乙方保证他是向甲方提供的专有技术资料的合法所有者；符合合同条款，依法能够向甲方转让专有技术。 The Contractor shall not assign the Contract or any part

32、thereof without the written consent of the Chief Engineer. 未经总工程师书面同意，承包商不得转让本合同或其中任何部分。thereof adv.=of that324 违反合同的赔偿及责任Liability to Pay Compensation and other Liabilities for Breach of Contract 违反涉外合同的责任是指涉外合同的当事人不履行合同、不完全履行合同、不符合双方在合同中约定的条件时，依有关法律的规定或合同的约定应当承当的赔偿责任或其他经济责任。 关于违约责任条款，几乎所有的涉外合同都有此条

33、，一般遵循过失原则和损害赔偿原则，即违约要承担责任，要赔偿。在涉外合同中明确约定违反涉外合同承担的经济责任，对于保证合同的履行，促使合同当事人全面履行合同中约定的业务有着重要的意义。 至于当事人，若一方违反涉外合同应承担的责任和承担责任的方式，当事人可以在合同中约定违约金（penalty），也可以约定赔偿损失(compensation for losses)，也可以约定支付利息（payment of interest）、中止履行合同（suspension of the contract performance）或解除合同(cancellation of the contract). The P

34、urchaser agrees to pay Corporation the Total Purchase Price, as follows p.69: 买方同意向公司支付买价，总金额为_。The Purchaser shall, upon receipt of Corporations respective invoices therefore, pay to Corporation all amounts which become due by the Purchaser to Corporation hereunder, including without limitation an

35、amount equal to the taxes and duties. 收到公司的各种发票后，买方必须即刻付给公司业已到期应付的所有款项，包括各种税收费用在内，不得有例外。If by reason of delay on the part of the Purchaser or Purchasers agent or representative, any payments due to Corporation are not made in accordance with the agreed payment schedule, Corporation reserves the righ

36、t to apply a late payment charge of one and one-half (1.5%) percent per month (19.56%per annum) on all overdue amounts and Purchaser agrees to promptly pay any such late payment charges which are properly due hereunder. In the event that one or more payments are delayed for sixty (60) days or more,

37、Corporation shall have the right to stop all work under this Agreement and shall also have the right to claim such period of work stoppage and the effects thereof as excusable delay pursuant to Article 7 hereof (Excusable Delay). Purchaser agrees to reimburse p.42Corporation for those additional rea

38、sonable costs incurred by Corporation resulting from such work stoppage(s) and restart(s). Should one or more payments be delayed for one hundred and twenty (120) days or more, this Agreement may, at Corporations option, be deemed to be cancelled under the provisions of paragraphs (b) through (e) of

39、 Article 23 hereof (Termination for Insolvency & Cancellation).如果由于买方或买方代理商或代理人的延迟，不能按议定的付款时间支付公司业已到期的款项，公司保留收取延付款的权利，延付费月率为到期末付款的1.5% （年率为19.56%），买方也同意即刻交付本协议所规定的此种费用。如一次或数次延迟付款达六十（60）天或以上，公司有权停止本协议所规定的工作，并有权根据本协议第7条（可谅解的延迟）称此段工作停顿及其产生的后果为可谅解的。买方同意对公司因停工和重新开工的额外费用作合理补偿。如一次或数次延迟付款达一百二十（120）天或以上，根据本合

40、同第23条（因无力清偿债务而终止和撤消）第2-5款规定，按公司的意愿，本协议可视为被撤消。Liabilities for Breach of Contract:Should either Party A or Party B fails to pay on schedule the contributions in accordance with Clause 5 of this Contract, the breaching Party shall pay the other Party 10% of interest of the contribution from the month a

41、fter exceeding the time limit. Should the Party fails to pay the contributions after 3 months exceeding the time limit, the other Party shall, in accordance with the Clause 53 hereof, have the right to terminate the Contract and to claim damages p.98 to the breaching Party.违约责任：如果合资一方未能按照本合同第5条规定按时入

42、资，违约方应在预期后一个月付给合同另一方10利息。如果违约方逾期后三个月仍未入资，合同另一方营根据合同第53条款的规定有权终止合同，并向违约方索赔损失。 In the event that Party B fails to complete the Works in time owing to such reasons as Party B shall be liable for, Party B shall pay a penalty for the default based on 0.1% of the total price for work per day, i.e. (that i

43、s to say), Party B shall pay one thousand two hundred and sixty (1,260) U.S. Dollars only for day of such default. 如果乙方因自身的原因而未准时完工，乙方应付违约罚款，每天按总价的千分之一计算，即一千二百六十美元整。 If, under the Contract, the Purchaser requests p.21 to cancel the Contract, ABC Company shall, upon written request by the Purchase, a

44、dvise Purchaser of the estimated cancellation costs for which Purchaser would be liable. 如果买方根据合同要求撤销合同时，ABC公司应根据买方书面要求，通知买方应承担的撤销费用。 325 合同发生争议时的解决方法The Ways for Settling Contract Dispute 在合同的执行过程中发生争议是正常的。涉外合同一旦发生争议，解决的方法有和解（conciliation）、调解(mediation)、仲裁(arbitration)和诉讼(litigation/lawsuit)。在起草合同时

45、，应明确约定争议的解决方法，而不同的解决方法将导致不同的法律后果。为解决重大争议，涉外商务合同都有仲裁条款，一般包括仲裁地点、仲裁机构，仲裁程序，仲裁员的组成，仲裁费的负担，和仲裁裁决的权威性等细则规定。 Any disputes arising from the execution of or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through mutual consultations between the Parties thereto. In case no settlement can be settled through

46、 consultations, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration. The arbitration shall take place in Beijing, China, and shall, in accordance with its rules of procedures, be conducted by the Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Tr

47、ade. The arbitration award shall be final and binding on/upon the parties thereto. 在履行合同时合同双方如发生争议，双方应通过相互协商解决。如经过协商解决无效，则应提请仲裁或司法部门解决。仲裁应在中国北京进行，由中国国际贸易促进会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会根据其仲裁程序进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。Any disputes arising out of this Contract shall first be settled by the Parties hereto through consult

48、ation with their higher authorities in accordance with the spirit of mutual trust. Should such consultation fails to settle the dispute within thirty (30) days of notification to such higher authorities, mediation may be conducted by a third party selected by the Parties hereto.合同双方对本合同发生的任何争议应首先通过各

49、方主管部门以相互信赖的精神予以解决。如在30天内本合同双方不能解决时，双方可推荐第三方予以调解。The arbitration shall take place in Stockholm, Sweden, and shall be conducted by the Arbitration Institute of Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the statutes of the institute in question. 仲裁在瑞典斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院依据该院的仲裁规则实施。Arbitration: All disput

50、es in connection with this Contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by negotiation between two parties. If no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration in the country of defendant in accordance with the arbitration regulations of the arbitration

51、 organization of the defendant country. The decision made by the arbitration organization shall be taken as final and binding upon both parties. The arbitration expenses shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration organization.仲裁： 凡因执行本合同或与本合同有关事项所发生的一切争执， 应由双方通过友好

52、的方式协商解决。如果不能取得协议时，则在被告国家根据被告仲裁机构的仲裁程序规则进行仲裁。仲裁决定是终局的，对双方具有同等约束力。仲裁费用除非仲裁机构另有决定外，均由败诉一方负担。The arbitration tribunal shall consist of three arbitrators, one appointed by each Party and, if either of the Parties fails to appoint an arbitrator within the time specified in the Arbitration Rules, the Chair

53、man of CIETAC（China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission) shall make such appointment, taking into consideration the criteria set out in this Article 18.2. (b) 仲裁庭应由三名仲裁员组成，其中双方各指定一名，如果任何一方不能在仲裁规则具体规定的时间内指定一名仲裁员，贸促会主任将参考本合同第18.2 条载明的标准指定仲裁员。326 Insurance Clause 保险条款国际商务合同的履行，大多数时间

54、长，路途远，可能受到各种因素的干扰，产生各种不测的事件calamities，如洪水、火灾、盗窃、海难、经营不善等。这类风险一旦发生，就做造成不同程度的损失，从而产生承担风险损失的责任问题。在国际经贸活动中，风险往往和保险联在一起，为了使风险造成的损失及时得到经济上的补偿，就需要办理保险。因此，在合同中明确风险责任，约定风险范围（the limits of the risks to be borne by the parties in performing the object and the coverage of insurance of the object），对于确定当事人的投保责任、避

55、免风险发生后，产生保险责任纠纷都有着重要的法律意义。 Perils of Sea海上风险 (1) Natural Calamities 自然灾害(2) Fortuitous Accidents意外事故 Marine insurance policies or certificates in negotiable form, for 110% full CIF invoice covering the risks of War & W.A. as per the Peoples Insurance Co. of China dated 1/1/1976. with extended cover

56、up to Kuala Lumpur with claims payable in (at) Kuala Lumpur in the currency of draft (irrespective of percentage). 作为可议付格式的海运保险单或凭证按照到岸价的发票金额110%投保中国人民保险公司1976年1月1日的战争险和基本险，负责到吉隆坡为止。按照汇票所使用的货币在吉隆坡赔付（不计免赔率）。 Insurance policy or certificate settling agents name is to be indicated, any additional premi

57、um to cover uplift between 10 and 17 percent may be drawn in excess of the credit value. This insurance must be valid for a period of 60 days after arrival of merchandise at inland destination. 保险单或凭证须表明理赔代理人的名称，保险费如增加10-17%可在本证金额以外支付。 本保险扩展到货物到达内地的目的地后60天有效。Insurance p.46 to be covered against all

58、risks including war risks as per ocean marine cargo clauses and air transportation cargo insurance clauses and ocean marine cargo war risk clauses and air transportation cargo war risk clauses of the Peoples Insurance Company of China dated 按照中国人民保险公司年月日海洋运输货物保险条款和航空运输货物保险条款以及海洋运输货物战争险条款和航空运输货物战争险条款

59、投保海空联运一切险和战争险。 327 Force Majeure 不可抗力条款不可抗力条款，也称意外条款，是涉外商务合同中普遍采用的一项除外条款，或称免责条款。条款一般规定合同一方遇到不可预见或无法预防的天灾、人祸或意外事故，以致不能履行合同时，可以免除责任，另一方无权要求其赔偿损失。不可抗力条款通常包括两大条：一是确定不可抗力事故的范围，对此合同双方应在合同中有明确、具体的规定。二是在草拟合同时对不可抗力的结果要有两种安排：合同无法继续执行时，要终止合同；合同仍可继续执行，但需要延长履行合同的期限。对于两种情况，即终止合同和延长履行合同期限，都需要在合同中明确规定。The Sellers s

60、hall not be held liable/responsible for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Confirmation on consequence of any Force Majeure incidents. 本确认书所述全部或部分商品，如因人力不可抗拒的原因，以致不能履约或延迟交货，售方概不负责。 Force Majeure: The sellers shall not be held responsible for the