蒙大英语国家-英国概况教案04 British education

1、Lecture Four Education in UK(By Li Huirong)Warming-Up Questions: 1. What do you think are among the most outstanding changes in the English education system since the 19th century?2.What does the “streaming” system mean to you? Do you think the system is reasonable? Why?I A survey of British educati

2、onMore than 90 percent of pupils in the UK attend publicly-funded state schools. Approximately 8.5 million children attend one of the 30,000 schools in England and Wales; in Scotland, 830,000 children attend about 5,000 schools, including pre-schools and other special education schools; and Northern

3、 Ireland sends 350,000 children to 1,300 state schools. Primary schools usually include both girls and boys as pupils. Secondary schools may be either single-sex or co-educational.The relevant education departments in England, Scotland and Wales dispense funding for schools through a Local Education

4、 Authority (or Education Authority in Scotland). In Northern Ireland, schools are largely financed from public funds through five Education and Library Boards.II Change & Reform in SchoolsThe 1870 reformDevelopment from a limited and voluntary schooling to an expanded and compulsory education system

5、.Before 1870 school set up by churches, 40% of children aged 10 attendedFrom 1870 onwards government took responsibility for education in response to changes caused by industrial revolution and movement for social & political reformThe 1944 Act in England& Wales gave all children the right to free s

6、econdary education1960s introduction of comprehensive schools early selection & streaming not fair, equal educational opportunities & meritocracyIn 1999 85% of children attended comprehensive schools while 16% went to remaining gr. schools or private schools, problems of streaming still remain, hold

7、ing back of brighter students, unjustified labelling The tripartite system for secondary educationA system of secondary education streaming 11 year-old children at the end of their primary education into secondary modern, technical and grammar schools respectively.at end of primary education childre

8、n are selected by means of streaming. Those on the top stream (20%) went to grammar schools. The rest went to secondary modern and technical schools Basic structure for the systemPrimary schoolsCompulsory schooling starts at 5Co-educational and a class-teacher systemThree-term school yearSecondary s

9、choolsCompulsory schooling extends up to 16The selective system, comprehensive system and independent schoolsSixth form colleges/ tertiary collegesOther schoolsCounty schoolsVoluntary schoolsIII Features of British education Freedom as the feature of British education as a wholeComparative independe

10、nce of the local education authoritiesAbsence of centralized time-tables and syllabusesDifferent types of schoolsDiverse system of university degreesIV Schools TodaySchools Today Primary PhaseSchools Today Secondary PhaseSchools Today-Independent SchoolsSchools Today- UniversitiesSchools Today- Open

11、 UniversitySchools Today- Teacher TrainingSchools Today- ExamsSchools Today Primary PhasePre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged two to four/five through playgroups and nursery schools. The emphasis is on group work, creative activity and guided play Compuls

12、ory education begins at five in England, Wales and Scotland and four in Northern Ireland There is little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis on literacy and numeracy in early years The usual age for transfer to secondary schools is eleven in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and t

13、welve in Scotland. Schools Today Secondary Phase Compulsory education ends at age sixteen, though many pupils stay on beyond the minimum leaving age . The main exam pupils should take is GCSE. About 90% of state secondary school pupils in England, Wales and Scotland go to comprehensive schools, whic

14、h provide a wide range of secondary education for most children of all abilities from a district in the eleven to eighteen age range (twelve to eighteen in Scotland) At age sixteen pupils in England and Wales may transfer to sixth form colleges or tertiary colleges ,leading to GCE A levelSchools Tod

15、ay-Independent SchoolsFee-paying, known as public schools7% of schoolchildren attendingGood teaching staffEton educated 19 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, Shelley, Orwell, founded in 1440 by HENRY VI to educate sons of the poor for service of church & state. (see p69 for more)Schools T

16、oday- Universities110 universities in UK. 93 in England, 13 in Scotland, 2 in Wales and 2 in N. IrelandOver 42% of pupils become university students on leaving school at 18Two other main universities. University of Buckingham (800 students) Open University (over 20,000 students). The latter non-resi

17、dential university offering courses for adults of all ages. (more on p61 concerning important changes)In the third term of Year 12 students prepare their applications to university Applications are then made in the first term of the Year 13 through one centralised organisation known as UCAS (Univers

18、ities and Colleges Admissions Service )Students can apply to a maximum of six universities/institutions.Admission selection on basisIf a university or institution is impressed by the students UCAS form they will send an offer of a place conditional upon obtaining certain stated A Level gradesThe fin

19、al decision on which institution the student will actually attend will be taken when the A Level results are published in mid-August. In the case of Cambridge applicants may be asked to obtain a good mark in an extra exam (called the STEP), which they can sit just after the A Level exams. Applicatio

20、ns through UCAS to Oxford and Cambridge also have to be sent by a special early deadline accompanied by a special extra form. Oxford UniversityCambridgeSchools Today- Open UniversityThe Open University is ranked in the top five of UK universities for the quality of teaching, according to a newly-pub

21、lished national table.The university, whose headquarters are at Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, has fifth spot ahead of Oxford and University College London in the Sunday Times University Guide 2003s table of universities with the best marks for teaching Schools Today- Teacher TrainingTo qualify as a te

22、acher in BritainOne can take a 4-year Bachelor of Education (BEd) degreeOr follow any degree with a one- year PGCE.In either case 2/3 of training will take place in school classrooms Schools Today- ExamsExaminations At 16 students in England and Wales take GCSE examinations. These examinations are t

23、aken by students of all levels of ability in any of a range of subjects and may involve a final examination, an assessment of work done during the two year course, or both of these things. At 18 some students taken A-level examinations, usually in not more than 3 subjects. It is necessary to have A-

24、levels in order to go to a university or other institutions of higher educationIn Scotland students take the SCE examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHERS, after which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate of Sixth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different to that in England and Wales. Courses usually last four years rather than three and students study a larger number of subjects as part of their deg