浅议《京华烟云》的“道”

1、浅议?京华烟云?的“道abstratlinyutangadvatedthethughtf“itughttberderkeyrds:linyutang;entinpeking;tais中文摘要林语堂在?京华烟云?中以儒家思想为陪衬，弘扬了“顺应天道的道家思想。全书以“庄周哲学为笼络，透露出了道家对待财富、享乐、生死及婚恋的独特观点，说明并推崇了道家思想达观豁然、心胸宽广的哲学理念。本书采用小说的艺术表现方法，塑造了形象鲜明、性格不一的人物是作者向西方人介绍中国传统文化的独到之处。关键词：林语堂；?京华烟云?；道intrdutininthelate19thenturyandthefirst50ye

2、arsfthe20thentury,theeasternandesternulturesexperienedagreathistrinflit.henpingyuanpintedutinhisbkaesthetistandardsflinyutangandeasternandesternulturesthat:tthehineseintelletualsfthe20thentury,thereisndubtthathtbalanetheeasternandesternulturesisaveryseriusprble.neisthestrngesternnept;thetheristhestr

3、ngpatritifeelingftheirnatin.thestruggledrivesthetraingbeteentheeasternandesternultures.1duringthisbighit,apartfresternlearning,thereisalseasternlearning,hihisreiprtantfrthehinesetspreadurivilizatin.linyutangnedaspeialayfthinkingthatresultedfrhisnspeiallifeexperieneandultureenvirnent,hihadehiexperien

4、ethedifferentpsyhlgialpressastheritersfhisday.histhughtsabuthuanulturehadbeendividedint3peridsinhisulturalnvels:first,afterhedidtheresearhfthetraditinalhineseulture,thrughparingthetthughtsnfuianisand“ta,headvated“ta.send,aftertheparisnfeasternandesternulture,linyutangsbalaneffeelingasinlinedtthehine

5、seulture.third,frtheviefhuanbeings,hefundutthattheeasternandesternulturehadtheirneakpintsandstrngpintshenhebservedtherldulturefrtheglbalprspet,andfinallyheprpsedtheultureneptininthefuture-agdbinatinfhineseandesterneleents.2inthisartilefentinpeking,theephasisillbeplaednthefirstperid-“ta,rsayphilsphyf

6、huangtse.hapter1.rrelativeintrdutinfentinpekingthisshiningflerasrtedinthesilfnatinalspiritandpatritis.itasrittenatthebeginningfsin-japanesear,hihdeidedtheiprtanefpatritis.linyutangrevealedhistivefprdutinfthisnvelinthelettertyudafu,thatis,treeberthebravesldiersinthefrnthdiedfrurnatin.linyutangbelieve

7、dthatanintelletsfhina,duringthevitalent,heshuldnnethisnfatetthatfhistherland.healsbelievedthatasariter,hisbktheauthrintendedttelltheesthhinathebigandldnatin,experienedthegreatpains,sufferingandstilladetheprgressbitbybitinaertainpartiulartie(frearlytidfthe20thentur

8、y).sinthisnvel,eanreadanyhinesehistrystriessuhasbxerrebellin,theay4thveentf1919,et.theauthrshedusanespeiallifeattitudef“tahapter2.theebdientf“tainentinpekingthughtftashlisntnlyaniprtantpartfhinesethughtbutalsbeesaninternatinalnetaisauntsfrasidefthehineseharaterhihnfuianisanntsatisfy.5thereisanatural

9、rantiisandanaturallassiisinanatin,asinanindividual.taisistherantishlfhinesethught,asnfuianisisthelassishl.atually,taisisrantithrughut.firstly,itstandsfrthereturntnatureandtherantiesapefrtherld,andrevltagainsttheartifiialityandrespnsibilitiesnfuianulture.sendly,itstandsfrtheruralidealflife,artandlite

10、rature,andthershipfpriitivesipliity.andthirdly,itstandsfrtherldffanyandnder,upledithahildishlynaivesgny.6intheultureftashl,“taistheriginfeverything,isexistingandlng-lasting.latzusaidinhistatehing:tagavebirthtthene,thenegavebirthsuessivelyttthings,threethings,upttenthusand(i.e.,everything).7thatishyt

11、aistsinsistnalaysbeingnatural.theybelievethateverythingisdeidedbynature,bytheirfate,butntbytheselves.s-alledgdfrtuneandbadfrtunearethesaeintheireyes.beausetheyknthatitisupnbadfrtunethatgdfrtuneleans,upngdfrtunethatbadfrtunerests8therefre,tdnthingtlvebyquietude.tatnlybyinativity.thavenantsbeetheirtt.

12、thrughthisnveleanseelearlythatthughtftashlreallyaffettaistsviesfaterialandprperty,pleasure-seeking,lifeanddeath,lveandarriage.belitillbeanalyzedfrthesefuraspets.i.viefaterialandprpertysrnealthandrank,deridefaeandgainisthenreteprtraiturefhuangtseintersfviefaterialprperty.allthesethughtsreahangthepepl

13、e;theyhangeintanidelgiallevelftakingalightvieteverything.thenpepledntknuhhsandhysftashl,buthentheyenunterdiffiultyindailylife,theirfriendsandrelativesfrtthe:“dnttaketheattertheart.asfrprperty,taiststakealightviefealth.“neyisererldlypssessins.earentbrnithit,andanntbringitithushenedie.“gldisntsexpensi

14、ve,peaeandpleasurerthre.ii.viefpleasure-seekingnnehand,tashlnsidersnsuptinfaterialashuanbeingsessentialandnaturalpursuit.insientifisense,liitedandsiplensuptinanaintainhuanslifeativity,hihisnralnditinflife.nthetherhand,tashlnsidersreturningtnaturetbethezenithftheretiinterest,snatureislgiallyntainedin

15、thepressflifefr“ta,hihgeneratesinextriablytheirapprvingandadvatingpleasureflife.13andenughsatisfatinithnaturefrstheviefpleasure.huangtsealayspraisesthat:“befullfirst,andthengnapleasuretur.pursuingenjyentfaterialisanessentialandrrethuanneed.hever,hebalanefst

16、ruturefbdyandheart,theteleentsarefthesaeiprtane.“thepepleshuldbententediththeirfd,pleasediththeirlthing,satisfiediththeirhes,shuldtakepleasureintheirrustitasks.14hatsre,hissense,liitatinfdesiresbeesapursuitfnesn.latzuadvates“knledgelessanddesire

17、lesslife,hethinks:“nlybykninghenitistietstpandangerbeavided.hesaid:“tbententithhatnehasare,andnneandespilyu;hstpsintienthinganhar.heisfreversafeandseure.“nlureisgreaterthandisastergreaterthannttbententithhatnehas,npresagefevilgreaterthanthatenshuldbeantingtgetre.struly:“hehhasneknnthentententthatess

18、iplythrughbeingntent,hebk,thereareanydetailsdesriptinshingsuhanpinin.frinstane,atthebeginningfthebkentiningtheriginalpresenefthetyasdaughters.thebeautifulyunganappearedagainithtgirls,bthdressedverysiplyinhitettnjakets,neithgreen,andthetherithvidtrusers.15generall

19、yspeaking,thedaughtersftherihfailyareallgldenbranhesandjadeleaves.stheyillprbablydressuptheselvesithjeels.hever,eanseebviuslythedressingdifferenefthetsistersfrthersthrughtherdsiply.hatsre,r.ladesntadvate,bindingfeet,either.hethinksthatbindingfeetisarruptusthihdestryseverelythehineseenshealth.therefr

20、e,hisdaughtersdidntbindfeetsinehildhd;instead,theylettheirfeetdevelpnaturally.thisvieisttallydifferentfrnfuianviefthinkingbindingfeettbeensharater.asfryasian,helikeslletingantiques,andsn.tsuup,thetaistsviefpleasureseekingistbenatural.iii.vieflifeanddeathinhuangtsespinin,huanslifeanddeathdependnfate,

21、thatistsaydeathandlifeisfate.(frhuangtse.aster).aansbirthdesntatfrhiself,beausehehiselfdesntexistatallatthattie.selfesfrnthing,afternesbirth,therehasbeenan“i,“ietthisrldbeingstarknaked.hata“i,“i.henlatzutalkedabut“fate,hesaid,“returntthertfrhihtheygre.thisreturntthertisalledquietness;quietnessisalle

22、dsubissintfate;hathassubittedtfatehasbeaepartfthealayss.tknthealays-sistbeilluined.16here,ansfateistheexistingfrigin.theesternpeplesayanlikesaandlehihshinesverthisrldatively;hileinhinesepeplespinin,anlikesairrr,refletnthisrldpassively.duringthepressfshiningvertherld,huanbeingsfightithfate,likefaustu

23、s,struggleintheunhangeableexistingnditin.strugglettheendbeeshuansfate.thetraditinalhineseulture,tashltellspeple“tdnthingtaistsbelievethatithappenedfitsnard,sediefrlve,andsenenealherlvedeeplyintheirheart.lveisthesae,buttheayflvedifferfrnetanther.n,letstraetheirriginsinfat,theyaredeterinedbydifferentt

24、hughts,nfuianisrthughtftashl.,ensspeeh,ensappearane,“ensaplishent.hatsre,shebundasallpairffeet.astersftsengfailiesererazyabutsuperstitiusbelief.hentheireldersnasdying,theybelievedthat“tsunghsi.isaniaisnlytragigirlprduedbyfeudalnfuianethialde.theanserisabslutely“n.theauthrregards“thelassialbeautyasth

25、eeapnfritiis.heritiizesthseridiulusanddeep-rtedethialdesfnfuianis.suppsethatthetarriagesabveereausedbyfeudalethialdefnfuianis,thefllingtarriages,nthentrary,flledtheadvief“hisnvel,linyutangharaterizesaperfeteniage-yaulan,hisalled“thedaughterfthetaistasakindf“beautyintersfarriageduringthetiefthe

26、tieftheay4thveent.itdidntrkintheasefannia,didntit?aituntilsheisbettertheirpininsabutthesiilarthingsarettallydifferent.thetsengs,hereinfluenedstrnglybythenfuianthught,thrughtheirsnsillnessnlyuldbenlybythetraditinalayftsunghsistheyuldrathersarifieanniashlehappylifefrtherundlesshpe.nthentrary,r.yaasver

27、yaarefthennsensef“tsunghsi.hathesaid“aitbetteralittleindiatedhisthughtf“happeningnaturally.later,healsnsideredthearriagefafeiandbafentbehappeningnaturally,shenrs.yadidntlkdnupnbafenfrheridentityfaidandassentedttheirarriage,r.adeusefthepprtunitytgainhisend.hapter3.thefeaturef“taintrdutininthebknethin

28、grthiesentiningisthattheaytheauthrintrduestraditinalhineseulturettheesttakesthefrfnvel,inhihhereatesaseriesftypialandlivelyharatersandspeifithught.ifthetbksrittenbylin,yuntryandypepleandtheartflivingintrduehinesetraditinttheestinthefrfprse,entinpekingthendesribesdetailedhinesehistriulturettheestinth

29、efrfartiage.theauthrappliestheayfhinesetraditinalnvel,hihisutfdatefrthehinese,butisneandnvelfrtheesternpeple.therefre,asfrthetypefthebk,itisanvelfrethan70,000rds.hydidtheauthrritethebkbythefrfnvel?heasribesittthefeaturesfthetypefnvel.paringiththertypes,thetypefnvelhasartistiappealthatiststrikertinth

30、eheartsfreaders.s,hethinksthereisntbetterfrthannvelthatissvividthatanakereaderseetbepartiipating.thenvelislikeasilentguiderhshstheesternpepletappreiatevariussenesatrender.asfr“tatheauthrtranslateditintthat“tta，thezenithisnthigh，nrthenadirn；npintintieislngag，nrlapsefageshasitgrnldthesendsetinbeganith

31、theextratfrtheessayn“relativitybyhuangtse.itsriginalntentisthat“梦饮酒者,旦而哭泣;梦哭泣者,旦而田猎,是旦暮遇之也.thethirdsetinbeganiththeextratfrthenrtherntravelsfknledgebyhuangtse.itriginalntentisthat“故万物一也,是其所美者为神奇,其所恶者为臭腐;是腐烂腐化为神奇,神奇复化为臭腐.paringtheriginalntentsiththetranslatin.eanseethatlinyutangspread“taexatlyardingt

32、histhrughunderstanding.18atthebeginningfthispassage,theauthrrevealedlearlynaturaldistinguishentinashrtsentenethatis“taisshedaninterestinnature,“nfuianisasinterestnlyinhuanrelatinships,inliteratureandhistry.andthenheexplainsitnretely.atlasthestatesthatthehangeandinteratinfthenaturefllsalltherulef“ta.inard,linyutangsueededinreatingakindfartatspherefullfbthinterestfenglishandhin