专题一第七讲定语从句和名词性从句详细讲解附高考真题的知识

1、专题一第七讲名词性从句定语从句把握考情特点锁定高考考点突破重点难点演练命题热点锁定高考考点突破重点难点演练命题热点2012年新课标11套高考试题考点统计与分析考 点 分 布数量命 题 分 析定语从句关系代词的用法51.两类从句的考查以引导词选用为 考查重点2.关系词及介词关系代词的选择 为定语从句的考查重点3.连接代词的选择及whether与if的 选用是名词性从句考查的重点4.考查多种从句的混杂使用，设问 的角度越来越多样化关系副词的用法2介词关系代词3as 与which的用法3分隔式定语从句2名词性从句主语从句5表语从句0宾语从句4同位语从句2考点一关系代词的用法1(2012江苏高考)Af

2、ter the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwhoCwhere Dwhat解析：选 。考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive”是定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。B2(2011山东高考)The old town has narrow

3、streets and small houses_are built close to each other.Athey BwhereCwhat Dthat解析：选 。考查定语从句。关系代词that指代先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。D3(2010全国卷)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.Awhich BwhereCwhat Dthat解析：选 。考查定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句在逗号之后，可判断为非限制性

4、定语从句。先行词a village school在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which，故选A。A考点二关系副词的用法4(2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：选 。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。D5(2011江苏高考)Between the two parts of the conce

5、rt is an interval, _the audience can buy icecream. Awhen BwhereCthat Dwhich解析：选 。考查定语从句。本题中interval是先行词，意思是“休息时间”，表示时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此选择关系副词when。A6(2010福建高考)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhose解析：选 。考查定语从句

6、。先行词是the only planet，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。B考点三“介词关系代词”的用法7(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which 解析： 选 。考查定语从句。句意：心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中细小的细节也应该考虑在内。“_ even the small details of life should be cons

7、idered”是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整，所以选关系副词；先行词是process，表抽象地点，所以选in which，相当于where。D8(2011江西高考)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.Afor which Bwith whichCof which Dto which解析：选 。句意：她带着游客参观这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。 the construction of(的建筑)，which指代 the museum。 C9(20

8、10上海高考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. Aon which Bby whichCto which Dfrom which解析：选 。考查定语从句。句意：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to“重新利用”，属固定搭配，故C项符合。C考点四as 与which的用法10(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first

9、 year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.Aas BitCwhich Dthis解析：选 。考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“_ has been discovered”为非限制性定语从句，且位于先行词所指的“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整个句子之间，故用as。 A11(2011

10、上海高考)Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.Awhich BwhereCwhen Das解析：选 。考查定语从句。句意：在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等，你可以租(一辆)去主人家里。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词taxis，关系词在从句中作hire的宾语，应用which，故选A。A12(2010四川高考)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned

11、 out to be a wise decision.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析：选 。考查非限制性定语从句。在此，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子的内容。句意：大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。B考点五分隔式/分离式/干扰式定语从句13(2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.Awhich BwhoCwhere Dwhom 解析：选 。考查定语从句。

12、分析句子结构可知，定语从句的先行词是a painter，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词who。B14(2011天津高考)The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.Awhen BthatCwhere Dwhich解析：选 。考查定语从句。句意：体力是谋生所需的一切的日子已消逝了。根据句意可知此处是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the days，且when在从句中作时间状语，故选A项。A15(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with severa

13、l of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.Awho BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析：选 。考查定语从句。根据语境和句子结构可知，此处应用who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students。A1定语从句中关系词的选择应该遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则。2对于“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，要熟记介词的选择标准。3point, situation, case，stage, occasion等在定语从句中作为先行词时，要正确判断其后是用关系代词还是关系副词。如果引导词在从句中作状语

14、，则用where或when，否则用that或which。我们可以采用补全法，即根据句意把从句补充完整，补上去的部分在从句中所作的成分就是引导词在从句中所作的成分。4as引导的定语从句通常有比较固定的句式和标志，熟悉其特点，就很容易识别这种定语从句。5分隔式定语从句的干扰性最强，解决这类题目的关键是把分隔部分去掉，并能够正确查找先行词。一、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1that用于下列情况：(1)先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词；(2)先行词被all, any, every

15、, no, little, much, some等词修饰；(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；(4)先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last修饰；(5)先行词中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。2

16、which用于下列情况：(1)引导非限制性定语从句；(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；(3)先行词本身是that时；(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。(2012全国卷)That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1考查该结构中关系代词的选用。若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whos

17、e也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。2考查该结构中介词的选用。(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”介词常用of。常见结构：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neith

18、er, many, most, each等代词或数词的前/后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前后用of which /whom等。(2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，它们都被拍摄成电视连续剧了。关键一点(1)from where 为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.我

19、们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。(2)像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中不能将介词与动词分开。三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1一般情况下，as所引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可，而which所引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句之后。2当非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced, be expected, be known, be reported, be said，be shown等被动式谓语时，常用as引导。(2012福

20、建高考)The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。3as表示整个主句内容时，有时含有“正如；正像”等意思，而which无此意。4在下列固定结构中，关系代词as代表整个主句所述的内容，一般不用which。as we know众所周知as has been said before 如前所述as is often the case 情况常常如此四、定语从句与其他从句的区别1考查非限制性定语从

21、句与并列句的区别。区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and, but等并列连词或分号等的存在。若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.(定语从句)In our class there are 46 students, and half of them wear glasses.(并列句)2考查主语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。重点考查it, what和as的选用。常见的考查结构：(1)“It be d

22、one (如：said/suggested等)that从句(that从句是主语从句，it是形式主语)”意为“据/人们(说/建议等)”。(2)“What be done (如：said/suggested等) is that从句(that从句是表语从句，what引导主语从句)”意为“所(说/建议等)的是”。(3)“As be done (如：said/suggested等)，主句(as引导非限制性定语从句)”意为“正如所(说/建议等)的那样，”。It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the

23、password of your email account. (主语从句)What is required in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. (主语、表语从句)As is required in the regulations, you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(定语从句)3考查某一名词或代词后引导定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。是定语

24、从句时，该名词或代词在从句中充当成分；如果后面句子只是说明前面该名词或代词所处的位置，该名词或代词又在从句中不充当成分时，应该是地点状语从句。4考查the same, such, so引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别。the same, such, so可以与as或that搭配。as引导的是定语从句，前面名词或代词要在从句中充当成分；而that引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。It is so breathtaking a park that everyone wants to visit it. (结果状语从句)It is so breathtaking a park as ever

25、yone wants to visit.(定语从句)点击下图进入：演练命题热点考点一主语从句1(2012安徽高考)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.AwhereBwhetherCthat Dwhy解析：选 。考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可

26、知，主语从句“ _ he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether，选B。 B2(2011北京高考)_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.AWhich BWhatCThat DWhom解析：选 。考查名词性从句。由句中的is 可知空格处为主语从句的引导词，且该引导词在从句中作offer 的宾语，故可排除C项；which“哪一个”；whom“谁”。故只有B项正确。 B3(2010浙江高考)It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine wil

27、l bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat BwhatChow Dwhether解析：选 。考查名词性从句。此处是由what引导的主语从句，指代it的具体内容，it是形式主语，所以这里选B项。B考点二表语从句4(2011山东高考)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is_he never finishes anything.Athat BwhenCwhere Dwhy解析：选 。考查表语从句。很显然，前文所说的(他是一个空谈家而不是一

28、个实干家)是下文(他一事无成)的原因，由此可知应该选why。D5(2010北京高考)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat BthatCwhy Dwhether解析：选 。考查名词性从句。考查句型“The reason.is that.”。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作句子成分。B考点三宾语从句6(2012福建高考)We promise _ attends the p

29、arty a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.Awho BwhomCwhoever Dwhomever解析： 选 。考查宾语从句。句意：我们承诺给参加聚会的人一个同电影明星照相的机会。引导词在宾语从句中作主语，故排除B、D两项。whoever 相当于anyone who，强调任何一个人，故选C。C7(2011山东高考)Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_shell accept it.Awhere BwhatCwhether Dwhich解析：选 。考查宾语从句。句意：我们已经给她

30、提供了一份工作，但是不知道她是否接受。whether意为“是否”，符合语境。C8(2010北京高考)I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.Awho BwhereCwhat Dhow解析：选 。考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我想以我的内在品质而被人喜欢和爱。空格后的意思是“所包含的内在品质”。what引导的从句作介词for的宾语，what在从句中作表语。C考点四同位语从句9(2012重庆高考)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping pro

31、blems are likely to continue when they grow up.Awhy BhowCwhether Dthat解析：选 。考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容的，是evidence的同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，故选that。D10(2011辽宁高考)When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.Asince BwhichCthat Dbecause解析：选 。考查同位语从句。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去

32、部队服役。此处的“the war broke out”解释说明the news 的具体内容，且引导词在从句中不作成分，故用that引导同位语从句。C1名词性从句中引导词的判断与选择是考生的易错点，要掌握每个引导词的基本用法及其在从句中的作用。2同位语从句和定语从句的区别要从以下两个方面来备考：(1)抓住同位语从句的特征：用于同位语从句的名词通常有hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea等抽象名词。(2)that在同位语从句中不作任何语法成分；在定语从句中作主语或宾语。一、名词性从句的引导词that与what的区别引导词句法功能省略情况that不作任何句子成分引

33、导宾语从句有时可以省略what主语、宾语、表语、定语不能省略(2012全国卷)It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.总统会采取什么措施来结束这次罢工还不清楚。二、whether与if的区别 只能用whether, 不能用if的情况：(1)在主语从句、表语从句、介词之后的宾语从句及同位语从句中；(2)后面直接跟动词不定式；(3)与or not连用；(4)引导让步状语从句时。(2012湖南高考)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.(此句为主语从句，故只能使用whether)村子里的每个人都很友好。无论你在那里住多久都没关系。三、“疑问词ever”引导的名词性从句与“no matter疑问词”引导的状语从句的区别1“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。2“疑问词ever”还可引导让步状语从句。3“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。(2012