初中语法专题 介词专题

1、介词介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in,under,on,for,after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如infrontof，insteadof，farfrom等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词+名词/代词等”构成的短语，如atschool，bybus，onSunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词（作连词时，其后接句子），如after,before等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词，如above，below介词是

2、中考试卷中的“常客”，从时间上看，年年都要考；从地点上看，每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。一、对时间介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语表示在某个时刻或是瞬间Iusuallygetupathalfpastsix.用在节假日前表示“在Billgotalotofpresentsatat期间”Christmas.用于某些固定搭配atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具体的某天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays.Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevenin

3、g.inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990s用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等inthemorning/afternoon/evening泛指天的上午、下午、晚in上Shesaysthathermotherwillbeback“in+时间段”，表示“在之后”，常用于一般将来时态（两个小时后）.during在期间duringthesummerholidaysbefore在之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.“after+具体时刻”，表示afterthreeoclock/lunch/after“在之后”August“after+时间段”不与将来时Hewil

4、larrive(after/in)连用。anhour.后接时间点或过去时的句子，表HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.since示Ihaventseenhimsinceheleft“自从以来”lasttime.for后接时间段，间”表示持续段时Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.till/表示持续到某个时候Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday.untilnot-until意为“直到才”Wecantgetoffthebusuntilitstops.fromfromto到”意为从WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFrida

5、y.by表示在迟于”之前”、“不Youmustbeherebytenoclocktomorrow.表示“到,为止”bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;bynow例题】IwasbornDecember17.ThisyearIllholdabirthdaypartyforitathome.A.onB.atC.inD.byDoyouknowVictoryDayinChina?Yes,itsSeptember3rdeachyear.IttellstheworldthatChinesepeoplelovepeaceandhatewars.ChineseA.in;onB.on;/inF

6、ormanyWesternpeople,theyA.onB.forThecharitywalkbeginsA.atB.byTheDragonBoatFestivalthispeoplewillneverforgetthehistory.C.at;/D.on;drinkcoldwaterevenwinter.C.atD.in9:00.Dontbelate.Noproblem.C.inD.onyearwillcomefourdays.A.afterB.forC.duringD.in（短文填空）Afterwalkingaroundsometime,shecametoariver.（首字母填空）Heh

7、asbeenawayfromhomestwodaysago.（句子填空）TheHighlandMuseumisopenedeverydayMonday.二、对地点、方位介词的考查介词图示意义例句Thestudentsarereadinginthe11in在之内classroom.学生们在教室里读书。2Theboatisontheriver.on在上面2那条船在河上。在卜面Thesunisnowbeneaththe3beneath（紧贴着表horizon.面）太阳此刻落到地平线下了。gver在（正）Thereareseveralbridgesover4上方theriver.河上有好几座桥。55u

8、nder在（正）下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge.船在桥下行驶。66above在上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飞机在云上飞行。77below在下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。8By/beside在旁边Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。号ear在附近IdontneedacarbecauseI9livenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。Mybestfriendsitsnexttome11next紧挨inclass.

9、0to上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。1Olivehidbehindatree.1behind在.后面1奥列弗臧在一棵树后面。1Heparkedhiscaroutsidethe1outside在.，外面theater.2他把汽车停在剧场外面。1Wewalkedtothefruitshop.1to至卜去3我们步行到水果店。from4从来WetraveledtoLondonfrom14Edinburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。1(a)rouWeallsataroundthetable.1围绕5nd我们都围绕着桌子坐。1TheletterBisbetweenAand1betwee在之间C.n（指二

10、者）6字母B在A和C之间。1在之间Thehousestandsamongthe1among（指三者或trees.7三者以上）房子在树丛中。1横过、越过Iftheroadisbusy,dont1across（从表面跨walkacrossit.8过）如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。1throug穿过Wedrovethroughthetunnel.19h（从内部穿过）我们开车穿过了隧道。Iwentpast/byabakeryonmy22past/从旁边经过wayhome.0by/路过我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。2Themenliftthebasketsonto2onto到上thetrucks.1人

11、们把篮子运上卡车。2Theyputtheapplesintothe2into到里baskets.2他们把苹果放进篮子里。2Dontlookoutofthewindow23outof从出来inclass.上课时不要朝窗外看。22along沿着Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.4沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。at,in,on表示地点的用法：at表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点，后面常接小地方。如：atthebusstop；in表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。如：inshanghai；3on表地

12、点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。如：onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法：范围之内用in；相邻、接壤用on；不相邻或隔海相望用to。【例题】IliketheweatherinKunming.Itswarmallyearlong.Yes.Andthetemperaturestayszeroallthetime.A.atB.belowC.aroundD.aboveIncoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremainszeroallday.A.aboveB.belowC.overD.underThebankisthebook

13、storeandthepostoffice.A.atthefrontofD.amongC.betweenD.inYoumustbecarefulwhenyouswimthelake.A.acrossB.belowC.overD.throughExcuseme,whereisthebookstore?Gothebridge.Youllseeitonyourleft.A.onB.crossC.acrossD.throughHeilongjiangProvinceisthenortheastofChina.A.toB.inC.onD.atCambridgeisasmallcitytheeastofE

14、ngland.A.betweenB.withC.inD.underJimsitsbehindme,soIsithim.inA.atthetopofB.attheendofC.inthemiddleofD.frontof三、对手段、方法介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语byby+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”bydoingsth.:“通过某种方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.inin+语言类名词：“用某种语-言Vin+工具：“用某种工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Dontwritei

15、tinpencil.Writeitinink.withwith+工具：“用某种工具或材料”withthehelpof：在的帮助下”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.on通过某个设备Helistenstomusicontheradio.例题】MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoneytheInternet.18.A.throughMoreandmoreB.alongC.acrossD.towardspeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowo

16、rkunderground.A.inB.withC.byD.for19.Gina,whatsthisEnglish?A.byB.forC.inD.withWecansavemoneyoutside.cookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingA.byB.toC.forD.with四、对其他常用介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语about大约“关于”，只表示“和有关”Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass.Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals.on“关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，是严肃的和学术性的Itsabookonanima

17、ls.这是一本论及动物的书。（学术专着）like“像一样”Hetalkedtomelikehisfather.as“作为；以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems.except“除之外”，指从整体中除去一部分WeareallhereexceptLiMing.（李明不在这儿）besides“除之外还有（包括在内）”WeareallherebesidesLiMing.（李明在这儿）with表示伴随，意为“和起”Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends.without表示“没有”，

18、常作状语Heleftwithoutsayingaword.for表示目的，意为“为了”表示原因、理由Hecamehereforacupoftea.Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”.towards“朝方向”Adogisrunningtowardsme.off“离开，脱离”Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草地。against靠着；反对Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree.insteadof“代替”IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV.becauseof“因为”，表示原因Ididntgooutbecauseoft

19、hebadweather.例题】Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?Ofcourse.Shewastallandthinlonghair.A.inB.withC.onD.forJackhadtostopworkingthoughitwashisownwishes.A.onB.forC.againstD.by23.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldntkillthemfoodorclothing.A.inB.withC.aboutD.for24.Itisgreatustogetsomanyfavouri

20、tebooksonInternationalChildrensBookDay.A.toB.withC.ofD.for25.Helookedatmeand,_aword,smiled.A.inB.withC.withoutD.for26.AllofuswenttotheparkBob.Hehadtolookafterhissister.A.besidesB.withC.exceptD.besides五、对介词短语的考查搭配atafterbyonforto固定搭配atnight/noon;atonce;atfirst/last;athomeafterschool/class;afterbreakf

21、ast/lunchbytheway;bythelake/river;bynow;bychanceinclass;intime;intown;inthefuture;inontime;onduty;onbusiness;onfoot;onatrainforexample;forawhile;forsure;forfun;thetheanswerto/thewayto/thekeyto的?i114/4Zi:r*r*:ihZr*:)1与withhaveproblem/trouble/difficulty/funwithaboutworryabout;talkabout;thinkabout;lear

22、n/动atr*lookat;laughat;shoutat;pointat;knockat;forlookfor;askfor;waitfor;standfor;leave词fromhearfromsb.;learnfromsb.;comefrom;bemade的ondependon;geton;callonsb.;(puton;tryon;offgetoff;falloff;showoff;(takeoff;seesb.搭to.1belongto;listento;getto;writeto;help1-1-11/1-11-11与Withbeginwith;talk/chatwithsb；a

23、greewithsu；aboutbesureabout;besorryabout形atbemadat;begood/badat;besurprisedat;beofbeafraid/scaredof;besure/proud/fond.容withbebusy/strict/angry/popular/satisfied词inbeinterestedin;bedifferentinsize;bestrictforbefamousfor;belatefor;bereadyfor;begood的tofrombepolite/rude/crueltosb.;begood/beawayfrom;bedi

24、fferentfrom;awayfroml例题】differentme.A.as;fromB.to;fromC.to;toD.as;27.Mymothersaysmyfriendissimilarme,butIthinksheistoThisphotoremindedtheoldmanthedayswhenhewasyoung.A.withB.forC.byD.ofTheyhopeitcanprotectthemterribleair.A.inB.fromC.forD.atWhenthekingsawthatsheasplayinghisoldharp,hewasfilledjoy.A.inB

25、.ofC.byD.withThiskindofdressisthisyear,andIreallywanttogetoneA.indangerB.introubleC.instyleD.intimeMr.Yangsdaughterisprettygood_drawingpicturesandwonmanyprizes.A.withB.forC.inD.atShenXueandZhaoHongbowonthegoldmedalforChinasowereproudthem.A.inB.onC.ofD.forIlearnmyteacherandmyclassmatesatthecorner.A.t

26、oB.atC.forD.fromComparedsomeunhappypeople,thosewhoarealwayspleasedandrelaxedarelesslikelytosuffercolds.A.atB.withC.inD.of附：介词的省略省略情况示例表示时间的短语中介词的省略。n)thismorning/afternoon/evening;(on)thenextday;n)nextweek/month/year;(in)lastnight/week/year;(on)thedaybeforeyesterday;(in)theyearbeforelast;(on)tomorro

27、wmorning;(on)every/some/one/allday在肯定句中表示段时间的for常可省略。Ihavebeenwaitingforyou(for)awholeafternoon.HehasstudiedEnglish(for)fiveyears.在“of+大小、形状、年龄”等结构中，of常省略。WhenIwas(of)yourage,Iknewmuchlessthanyou.Thedesksinourclassare(of)thesamecolour,material,shape,heightandlength.在here,there,home等副词前。come(to)here;

28、go(to)there;go(to)home某些习语中的省略。bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事(in)this/thatway以这种/那种方法stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事spend(in)doingsth.在做某事上化费havetrouble(in)doingsth.在做某事中遇到麻烦helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事三、即时训练Thisfoodisfree.Youdonthavetoit.A.lookforB.payforC.askforD.waitforYousee,Keviniswritinghislefthand.A.atB.asC.forD.withage7,Brucewonsecondprizeinthepianocompetition.A.InB.AtC.OnD.ForWecanbethankfuleveryday,notjustThanksgivingDay.A.inB.onC.toD.byThisschoolisdifferentothers.Ithasmanyout-of-classactivities.A.offB.fromC.ofD.forJessicatookpart