工业酒精的提

1、工业酒精的提纯 演讲：芮鹏 组长：芮鹏 组员：姜悦 金欢 戴峥嵘 嵇晓敏 钱磊 第六组第一页，共十四页。乙醇的介绍：乙醇分子由烃基（C2H5）和官能团羟基（OH）两部分构成，其物理性质（熔沸点、溶解性）与此有关。乙醇是无色、透明、有香味、易挥发的液体，熔点117.3，沸点78.5，密度0.7893g/cm3，能与水及大多数有机溶剂以任意比混溶。各种饮用酒里都含有乙醇，酒精过量能引起中毒，因此青少年不能饮用含酒精的饮料。工业酒精含乙醇约95。含乙醇达99.5以上的酒精称无水乙醇。其中少量的水无法用蒸馏法除去。工业酒精中含有少量甲醇，有毒，不能掺水饮用。 乙醇的化学性质也很多，能发生氧化反应，取代

2、反应，脱水反应等。第二页，共十四页。Ethanol is introduced: ethanol molecule consists of TingJi (- C2H5) and functional hydroxyl (OH) two components, and its physical properties (melting boiling point, solubility) and relevant here. Ethanol is a colorless, transparent, have fragrance, volatile liquid, melting point -

3、, boiling point 117.3 7.85 0.7893 g/cm3 density, can with water and most organic solvents than immiscible with arbitrary. Various drinking wine contains ethanol, too much alcohol can cause poisoning, so teenagers can not drink alcoholic drinks. Industrial alcohol including ethanol about 95%. Includi

4、ng ethanol reaches 99.5% above alcohol say anhydrous alcohol. Among them a small amount of water cannot distillation in eliminate. Industrial alcohol contains a few methanol, poisonous, cant water blending is drinkable. Ethanol chemistry is very much also, can oxidation reaction, substitution reacti

5、on, dehydration reaction, etc. 第三页，共十四页。实验原理 PRINCIPLE 实验原理工业酒精的提纯一般采用蒸馏的方法，蒸出的酒精就是较纯的。蒸馏(又称简单蒸馏)是分离和提纯液态有机化合物的最常用的重要方法之一.应用这一方法,不仅可以把挥发性物质与不挥发性物质分离,还可以把沸点不同的物质以及有色的杂质分离. 在通常情况下,纯粹的液态物质在大气压力下有一定的沸点.为了制得乙醇含量为99.5%的无水乙醇,实验室中常用最简便的制备方法是生石灰法,即利用生石灰与工业酒精中的水反应生成不挥发,一般加热生成不分解的熟石灰(氢氧化钙),在利用甲醇乙醇沸点不同，蒸馏出甲醇，以得

6、到无水乙醇。 为了使反应充分进行,除了将反应物混合放置过夜外,还让其加热回流一段时间.制得的无水乙醇(纯度可达99.5%)用直接蒸馏法收集.这样的无水乙醇已能满足一般实验使用. 若要制得绝对无水乙醇(纯度99.95%),则将制得的无水乙醇和金属钠进一步处理,除去残余的微量水分即可.第四页，共十四页。实验原理 PRINCIPLE The purification of industrial alcohol usually adopts the distillation method, steamed out of alcohol is relatively pure. Distillation

7、(also called simple distillation) is separation and purification of liquid organic compounds of the most commonly used one of the important ways. Application of this method, not only can the volatile substance and volatile material separation, still can put the boiling point of different material an

8、d colored impurity separation. Normally, pure liquid substances in atmospheric pressure has certain boiling point. In order to ethanol content system for 99.5% of anhydrous alcohol, laboratory commonly used in the preparation of the simplest method is quick lime method, i.e. use of water with indust

9、rial alcohol reacts non-volatile, generally arent heated decomposition of ShouShiHui (hl), to get anhydrous alcohol. In order to make the response sufficiently, besides reactants being mixed placed overnight outside, still let its heating backflow for a period of time. Preparation of anhydrous alcoh

10、ol (purity can reaches 99.5%) with direct distillation collection. Such anhydrous alcohol has satisfies the general experiment USES. If want made absolute anhydrous alcohol (purity 99.95%), will system of anhydrous alcohol and sodium metal further processing, remove residual trace moisture can. 第五页，

11、共十四页。关键词KEY WORDS 蒸馏 生石灰 金属钠 甲醇 乙醇distillationquick method sodiummethanol ethanol 第六页，共十四页。主要原料MATERIALS适量无水硫酸铜生石灰工业酒精金属钠Moderate anhydrous copper sulfate LimeIndustrial alcoholSodium metal 第七页，共十四页。主要仪器EQUIPMENTS电热套蒸馏瓶接受管冷凝管温度计蒸馏头铁架台石棉网接收器烧杯长颈漏斗Electrothermal setDistillation bottleAccept tubeConden

12、sing tubesthermometerDistillation headhob TaiwanAsbestos netsReceiverBeakerVatidae funnel第八页，共十四页。详细操作步骤SOP 1,前期准备将100ml 95%乙醇,15g生石灰装入100ml蒸馏瓶,摇匀后用橡皮塞塞紧并放置过夜.2,回流将装有放置过夜的物料的蒸馏瓶加上冷凝管,装配好回流装置并在电热套上加热回流.3,蒸馏回流结束后,待反应体系稍冷,将其改装成蒸馏装置.用电热套加热蒸馏，甲醇（沸点64.5）先出来，乙醇（沸点78.5）后出来。4,对比实验取后馏分1ml于小试管中,加入无水硫酸铜,观察现象.用9

13、5%乙醇作对比实验,并得出结论.第九页，共十四页。详细操作步骤SOP1, preparation Will 100ml canister 95% ethanol, 15g slaking load 100ml canister distillation bottle, shake well before using rubber stopple plugged and place overnight. 2, reflow With the material of place overnight, plus the condense pipe distillation bottle assemb

14、le circumfluence equipment.in and in electrothermal cover on heating backflow. 3, distillation Backflow ended, stay reaction system, it will be a cold converted into a distillation unit. Using electro-thermal set of heating distillation, methanol (boiling point 6.45 ) out first, ethanol (boiling poi

15、nt out. ) after 7.854, comparative experiments Take after 1ml in small fraction tubes, join without water, copper sulfate with 95% ethanol. Observed phenomena as comparative experiments, and concluded. 第十页，共十四页。实验装置图第十一页，共十四页。安全问题SAFETY POINTS必须在烧瓶中加入沸石,以防止在回流和蒸馏过程中发生爆沸.沸石应在加热前加入,在蒸馏过程中,若发现未加沸 石,则应先

16、停止加热,稍冷(待液体温度下降到沸点以 下),方可加入沸石当烧瓶中的物料变为糊状物时,表示蒸馏已接近尾声.此时,应立即停止加热,利用电热套的余温将剩余的液体蒸出,以避免烧瓶过热破裂.蒸馏时液体不能蒸干,即使温度计读数仍在沸点范 围内,也应在被蒸液体剩0.51 mL时停止蒸馏,以免 馏瓶破裂或发生其他意外事故. Must be in a flask join zeolite, to prevent the backflow and distillation process occurs blasting boiling.Zeolite in heating before joining, sho

17、uld be in distillation process, if discover did not add boiling stone, it should first stop heating, slightly cold (stay liquid temperature dropped to under the boiling point), fangke join zeoliteWhen the material into mush flask, said distillation is nearing an end. In this case, you must stop using electric heating of threads will surplus liquid steamed out, in order to avoid overheating rupture flask.Distill liquid cannot zhenggan even thermometer readings is still in the boiling point van wai, also should be within the steamed liquid left by 0.5 1 mL when you stop di