TWIG模板设计快速入门手册中文

1、 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 TWIG 模板设计 快速入门手册 中文 分类： HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/category/956880 php 2012-01-09 09:55 3872人阅读 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 l comments 评论(2) HYPERLINK javascript:void(0); o 收藏 收藏 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758

2、 l report o 举报 举报 HYPERLINK /tag/input t _blank input HYPERLINK /tag/include t _blank include HYPERLINK /tag/whitespace t _blank whitespace HYPERLINK /tag/stylesheet t _blank stylesheet HYPERLINK /tag/html t _blank html HYPERLINK /tag/output t _blank output目录 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/

3、7180758 o 系统根据文章中H1到H6标签自动生成文章目录 (?) HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o 展开 +写了好几篇关于twig的东西。居然还没写个快速入门之类的。现在就写来源 HYPERLINK /doc/templates.html /doc/templates.html概要twig 的模板就是普通的文本文件，也不需要特别的扩展名，.html .htm .twig 都可以。模板内的 变量 和 表达式 会在运行的时候被

4、解析替换，标签（tags）会来控制模板的逻辑下面是个最小型的模板，用来说明一些基础的东西html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?MyWe

5、bpage%foriteminnavigation%item.caption%endfor%MyWebpagea_variable里面包含两种符号 % . % 和 . 第一种用来控制的比如for循环什么的，第二个是用来输出变量和表达式的ide 支持很多ide 都对twig进行高亮支持。大伙自己找需要的吧。Textmatevia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/Anomareh/PHP-Twig.tmbundle Twig bundleVimvia the HYPERLINK /2/documentation/integration

6、 Jinja syntax pluginNetbeansvia the HYPERLINK http:/plugibe/plugin/37069/php-twig Twig syntax pluginPhpStorm(native as of 2.1)Eclipsevia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/pulse00/Twig-Eclipse-Plugin Twig pluginSublime Textvia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/Anomareh/PHP-Twig.tmbundle Twig bundleGtkSourceViewvia

7、 the HYPERLINK https:/githu/gabrielcorpse/gedit-twig-template-language Twig language definition(used by gedit and other projects)CodaandSubEthaEditvia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/bobthecow/Twig-HTML.mode Twig syntax mode变量程序会传递给模板若干变量，你需要在模板里输出他们。例如输出 $hellohtml HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/detail

8、s/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?hello如果传递给模板的是对象或者数组，你可以使用点 . 来输出对象的属性或者方法，或者数组的成员。或者你可以使用下标的方式。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyu

9、n/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?foo.barfoobar如果你访问的值不存在就会返回null。TWIG有一整套的流程来确认值是否存在。for.bar会进行以下操作。如果 foo是个

10、数组，就尝试返回bar成员，如果不存在的话，往下继续。如果foo是个对象，会尝试返回bar属性，如果不存在的话，往下继续。会尝试运行bar方法，如果不存在的话，往下继续。会尝试运行getBar方法，如果不存在的话，往下继续。会尝试运行isBar方法，如果不存在的话，返回nullforbar 就简单很多了 for必须是个数组，尝试返回bar成员，如果不就返回null全局变量TWIG定义了有一些全局变量_self 这个参看macro标签_context这个就是当前的环境_charset: 当前的字符编码变量赋值具体参见set标签html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/articl

11、e/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%setfoo=foo%setfoo=1,2%setfoo=foo:bar%过滤器 Firters变量可以被过滤器修饰。过滤器和变量用（|）分割开。过滤器也是可以有参

12、数的。过滤器也可以被多重使用。下面这例子就使用了两个过滤器。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?name|striptags|tit

13、lestriptas表示去除html标签，title表示每个单词的首字母大写。更多过滤器参见我博客过滤器也可以用在代码块中，参见 filter标签html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/arti

14、cle/details/7180758 o ? ?%filterupper%Thistextbecomesuppercase%endfilter%函数 Function这个没什么好说的，会写程序的都知道，TWIG内置了一些函数，参考我的博客举个例子 返回一个0到3的数组，就使用 range函数html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaoc

15、hangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%foriinrange(0,3)%i,%endfor%流程控制支持for循环 和 if/elseif/else结构。直接看例子吧，没什么好说的。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o c

16、opy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?Members%foruserinusers%user.username|e%endfor%html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o cop

17、y copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%ifusers|length0%foruserinusers%user.username|e%endfor%endif%注释# . # 包围的内容会被注释掉，可以是单行 也可以是多行。载入其他模板详见include标签（我博客内已经翻译好哦），会返回经过渲染的内容到当前的模板里html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/d

18、etails/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%includesidebar.html%当前模板的变量也会传递到 被include的模板里，在那里面可以直接访问你这个模板的变量。比如html HYPERLINK /ji

19、aochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%forboxinboxes%includerender_box.html%endfor%在 render_box.html 是可以

20、访问 box变量的加入其他参数可以使被载入的模板只访问部分变量，或者完全访问不到。参考手册模板继承TWIG中最有用到功能就是模板继承，他允许你建立一个“骨骼模板”，然后你用不同到block来覆盖父模板中任意到部分。而且使用起来非常到简单。我们先定义一个基本骨骼页base.html 他包含许多block块，这些都可以被子模板覆盖。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy cop

21、y HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%blockhead%blocktitle%endblock%-MyWebpage%endblock%blockcontent%endblock%blockfooter%Copyright2011byyou.%endblock%我们定义了4个block块，分别是 block head, block title, block content, block foote

22、r注意1、block是可以嵌套的。2、block可以设置默认值（中间包围的内容），如果子模板里没有覆盖，那就直接显示默认值。比如block footer ，大部分页面你不需要修改（省力），但你需要到时候仍可以方便到修改（灵活）下面我看下 子模板应该怎么定义。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/de

23、tails/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%extendsbase.html%blocktitle%Index%endblock%blockhead%parent().importantcolor:#336699;%endblock%blockcontent%IndexWelcomeonmyawesomehomepage.%endblock%注意 % extends base.html % 必须是第一个标签。其中 block footer就没有定义，所以显示父模板中设置的默认

24、值如果你需要增加一个block的内容，而不是全覆盖，你可以使用 parent函数html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%blocksi

25、debar%TableOfContents.parent()%endblock%extends标签只能有一个，所以你只能有一个父模板，但有种变通到方法来达到重用多个模板到目的，具体参见手册的use标签HTML转义主要是帮助转义 尖括号等 , &, 可以有两种办法。一种是用标签，另一种是使用过滤器。其实TWIG内部就是调用 php 的htmlspecialchars 函数html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/detai

26、ls/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?user.username|euser.username|e(js)%autoescapetrue%Everythingwillbeautomaticallyescapedinthisblock%endautoescape%因为是TWIG的操作符，如果你需要输出两个花括号，最简单到办法就是html HYPERLINK /j

27、iaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?还可以使用 raw 标签和raw 过滤器，详细参考手册html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/d

28、etails/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%raw%foriteminseq%item%endfor%endraw%macros宏宏有点类似于函数，常用于输出一些html标签。这里有个简单示例，定义了一个输出inp

29、ut标签的宏。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%macroinput(name,value,type,size)%endmacr

30、o%宏参数是没有默认值的，但你可以通过default过滤器来实现。一般来说宏会定义在其他到页面，然后通过import标签来导入，html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/detai

31、ls/7180758 o ? ?%importforms.htmlasforms%forms.input(username)你也可以只导入一个文件中部分宏，你还可以再重命名。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jia

32、ochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%fromforms.htmlimportinputasinput_field,textarea%Usernameinput_field(username)Passwordinput_field(password,type=password)textarea(comment)上面的代码表示 从forms.html中导入了 input 和 textarea宏，并给input重命名为input_field。表达式TWIG允许你在任何地方使用表达式，他的规则和PHP几乎一模一样，就算你不会PHP 仍然会觉得很简单。最简单的

33、有字符串：“hello world” 或者 hello world 数字：42 或者 42.33数组：a,b,c哈希：a:av, b:bv 其中keys 可以不要引号 也可以是数字 还可以是一个表达式，比如a:av, b:bv 1:1v, 2:2v 1+2:12v逻辑： true 或者 false最后还有null你可以嵌套定义html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy

34、 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%setfoo=1,foo:bar%运算符包括数字运算+ - * / %(求余数) /(整除) *(乘方)html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy

35、 copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?2*3=62*3=8逻辑运算 and or not比较运算 = = = !=包含运算 in 以下的代码会返回 truehtml HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/718

36、0758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?1in1,2,3cdinabcde测试运算 is 这个不用多说 直接看代码html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy

37、 copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?nameisodd%ifloop.indexisdivisibleby(3)%ifloop.indexisnotdivisibleby(3)%#isequivalentto#%ifnot(loop.indexisdivisibleby(3)%其他操作符. 建立一个指定开始到结束的数组，他是range函数的缩写，具体参看手册html HYPERLINK /j

38、iaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%foriin0.3%i,%endfor%| 使用一个过滤器html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/articl

39、e/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?#outputwillbeHELLO#hello|upper 强制字符串连接html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/

40、7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?Helloname!?: 三元操作符html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plai

41、n HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?foo?yes:no. 得到一个对象的属性，比如以下是相等的。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?foo.barfoobar你还可以在一个字符串内部插入一个表达式，通常这个表达式是