infinitive动词不定式解析课件

1、GrammarInfinitive第1页，共49页。Review the V.ing form1. Learning without practice is no good. 2. I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. 3. Our work is serving the people. 4. The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. 5. All moving bodies have energy. 6. Im sorry for havi

2、ng you waiting so long.7. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them.subjectobjectpredicativeattributiveattributivecomplementadverbial第2页，共49页。V.-ingGerund: subject ; object ; predicative ;attributivePresent Participle: attribute ; complement ; adverbial 囧GerundPresent Participle第3页，共

3、49页。Analyse the following sentences1. Its our duty to take good care of the old. 2.My job is to help patients.3.He wanted to go home.4.I have no chance to go sightseeing.5.He asked me to do the work.6.Check your composition to avoid mistakes.subjectpredicativeobjectattributivecomplementadverbial第4页，

4、共49页。InfinitiveInfinitive : to dosubject ; object ; predicative ; attributive ;complement ; adverbial 囧第5页，共49页。Infinitive与V.-ing作主语时的区别不定式作主语表示具体动作;动名词作主语表示抽象的一般行为.Smoking is prohibited here.It is stupid of you to write down what the teacher says. 第6页，共49页。用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中. It+be+名词+

5、to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 第7页，共49页。 It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an ho

6、ur. It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.在句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬批评的词. 第8页，共49页。Infinitive与V.-ing作表语

7、时的区别不定式作主语表示具体动作;动名词作主语表示抽象的一般行为.To see is to believe.Our work is serving the people.Ps.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果 第9页，共49页。Infinitive与V.-ing作宾语时的区别1.不定式作宾语以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree,ask, aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promi-se, refuse, wish

8、等 这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. 第10页，共49页。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后, 即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式. ( think , find , feel , consider ,etc) 如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels

9、it his duty to help the poor. 第11页，共49页。介词but, except, besides +to do(do) 在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do.如: The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 第12页，共49页。2.动名词作宾语（复习）以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate,

10、consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, dont mind, give up, 等. 如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. 第13页，共49页。动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birt

11、hday celebration instead of staying at home. 动名词前的介词有时可以省略 如: have difficulty(in)doing have no trouble(in)doingprevent/stop(from)doing spend (in) doing sth第14页，共49页。某些动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变. 如:begin, continue, start, need, require, want等. (在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式 )Yo

12、ur handwriting needs improving (to be improved)(当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时+to do)如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. (当begin, continue, start与know, understand等心理活动的词连用时+to do)如:I soon began to understand what was happening. 第15页，共49页。某些动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子

13、语境选择使用. forget, remember, regret mean try stop cant help go on like,love ,hate第16页，共49页。Infinitive与V.-ing作定语时的区别V.-ing作定语 （复习）This passage can be used as listening materials. The reading room of our school library can hold 800 people. All moving bodies have energy.The man standing at the school gate

14、 is Professor Li. 第17页，共49页。Infinitive作定语不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后. （后置）The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister. Do you have anything to say on the question.Would you please give me some paper to write on. My wish to visit France has come true at last.

15、 囧第18页，共49页。不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作(例). (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例). (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例). (4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例to arrive=that will arrive. 囧第19页，共49页。常接不定式作定语的词1. chance idea time way effort right moment etcEg. I ha

16、ve no chance to go back. It was my sister who had the idea to cycle the entire Mekong river第20页，共49页。2. the only 及 序数词（the first/second) 顺序词（the last/next)Eg. He is the first (one) to leave the office.第21页，共49页。Infinitive与V.-ing作补语时的区别Present participle 作 补语 (复习）I hear her singing in the next room.I

17、 am sorry for having you waiting so long.第22页，共49页。作感官动词的补语I hear her singing in the next room.I hear her sing in the next room.作使役动词的补语I am sorry for having you waiting so long.I will have Bob take your suitcase,sir.第23页，共49页。什么情况下用不带to的不定式做宾补一感觉二听三让四看：一个表示感觉的词feel；两个表示听hear，listen to；三个表示让let, mak

18、e, have；四个表示看see，look at，watch，notice Ps.这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略They make the students do too much homework.The students are made to do too much homework.第24页，共49页。常要求不定式作宾补的动词有: allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(强迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persu

19、ade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等 Would you like me to give your regards to Mary I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. 第25页，共49页。allow/permit/advise/forbidhope/suggest + sb. to do (X)sb. to dodoing第26页，共49页。Infinitive与V.-ing作状语时的区别英语 中的状语时间 地点 原因 结果 方式 伴随 条件 让步 目的现在分词 作状语 第27页，共49页。

20、to do 可以作 目的、原因、结果状语作目的状语 I stayed there to see what would happen. I stayed there in order to see what would happen.I stayed there so as to see what would happen. 可置于句首第28页，共49页。作原因状语时的区别Having finished the job,David went back home.We are glad to hear the news. 现在分词作原因状语，通常表示主动的概念。在部分表示感情色彩的形容词之后可接不

21、定式作原因状语astonished,glad,happy,pleased,sad, sorry,surprised 等. 第29页，共49页。作结果状语时的区别His father died, leaving the family even worse off.The bus rolled in a valley, causing ten deaths and more wounded .现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。第30页，共49页。不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中.如: soas to; suchas to Im not so stupid as to put it in wr

22、iting. Im not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. enoughto First, most people are not rich enough to buy a car.only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital. tooto Im too tired to stay up longer. 第31页，共49页。不定式的其它用法 1.不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末. to be exact(确切地说) to beg

23、in with(首先) to do him justice(说句对他公道的话)to be sure(真的) to tell the truth(说实话）To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me. 第32页，共49页。不定式的其它用法2.疑问词+不定式结构 who,what,which,when,where,whether,how 后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语,宾语,表语等.When to leave for London has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didnt

24、 know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. The question was where to get the medicine needed. 第33页，共49页。不定式的时态和语态现在分词的 时态 语态一般时完成时doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done第34页，共49页。不定式的时态1. 一般式 to do不定式的一般式所表示的动作或状态，与谓语的动作或状态是同时发生（或几乎同时发生），或是在其之后发生。I want

25、to have a cup of tea. (同时）We expect her to come. (之后)第35页，共49页。2.进行式 to be doing不定式的进行式表示在谓语动作或状态发生时正在进行的动作。He pretended to be waiting for someone.3.完成式 to have done不定式的完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。Bell is said to have invented the telephone.第36页，共49页。Ps. be,expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,w

26、ant,wish的过去式+不定式的完成式，或它们的过去完成式+不定式的一般式，表示过去未实现的的愿望、期待或计划。I intended to have called on you yesterday.= I had intended to call on you yesterday.第37页，共49页。不定式的语态 一般式 to be done完成式 to have been done 1.不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的执行者，要用不定式的主动语态。 如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者，则要用不定式的被动语态。Do you want to teach the child?( you是teach的执行者）Do you want to be taught English?(you是taught的承受者：someone teaches you）第38页，共49页。Have you anything to be taken to your sister.（是“别人”去take) Do you have anything to say on the question. (是“you”去say）当作定语的不定式所修饰的词是其动作的承受者，即构成了“动宾关系”，不定式可用主动语态也可用被动语态，但意义不同。第39页，共49页。不定式的省略有