三林苑居住小区设计构思

1、112/961Project: Sanlinyuan Housing Project（Zhonggu Wang） Shanghai, China 1996070341金涛 As the rapid development of construction of city, the importance of housing building means more and more to the society.“sanlinyuan”，as one of the earlier successful attempt in the design of residential district in

2、 shanghai, makes a excellent example to the followed designs. As “sanlinyuan” locates in Pudong area, just 40 minutes far from our university, I took advantage of the opportunity of Dragon Boat Festival and went there to have a deeper research about it when comparing just with the references on the

3、Internet. And in the following essay, I will analyze the design of “sanlinyuan” in detail.一、小区外部环境整体设计For the First, let me analyze the overall design of the external environment foYSanlinyuan” community.11小区整体空间轮廓和建筑外部造型（照片见本期封三）根据居住区总体规划的要求，小区住宅全部为多层，在小区北侧沿街为20层左右的商办楼， 因此总的空间轮廓是南低北高。此外，为了丰富小区内部空间，

4、将多层住宅的层数设计为 47层，这样与小区内的一些低层配套公建形成高低错落的空间效果。住宅的屋顶采用双 折坡顶，可充分利用屋顶空间，小公建力求造型活泼灵巧，以体现南方特色。建筑局部（如 过街楼、过街雨篷、长廊、组团入口等）采用一些中外传统风格的建筑细部和符号以增强居 住环境的历史延续感和海派特色。For the overall plot outline and building external shape of space according to the requirements of the overall plan living area, all buildings are the

5、multi-storey residential houses. In the district around the north side of the street is the 20-story commercial office building, so the total space profile is low in the South and high in the North. In addition, in order to enrich interior space in the community, the design of multi-storey residenti

6、al floors is controlled form 4 to 7 layers, so that with some low-level of the formation of public buildings, they together form high and low spatial effects. The roofs of the houses generally adopts the double fold top of the hill, which makes full use of roof space, seeks to shape public buildings

7、 and lively little dexterity to reflect the characteristics of the South. The parts of the Buildings （such as Guojie Lou, awning across the street, gallery, entrance, etc） use some of the traditional style of Chinese and foreign construction details and symbols to enhance the living environment, a s

8、ense of historical continuity and Shanghai characteristics.21色彩住宅墙面以淡雅的浅色调为主，坡屋面为红色或绿色，2. 2米高架空层墙面彩用米灰或青 灰，小区公建为单一的白色或红色，色彩的处理采用大手笔的方式，宜少不宜多。For the colors, residential wall is mainly with elegant color tone light, while the sloping roof is in red or green, the 2.2-meter-high elevated wall is mainly

9、 painted in gray and the residential public buildings are in a single white or red. The color is dealt with in generous ways, which should be few and not more.31绿化种植小区内绿化以价廉、易长、易管为原则，少量采用一些形态优美具有色、香、味特色的树种。 小区内以草地为主（引进一些四季常青的草种），此外，在小区的一些重要地段，可放置一 些活动的大型花池，由物业管理公司负责，随季节变化而更换，也可发动本村居民参与。For the Plant

10、ing, the planting in the community follows the principle that grass should be cheap, easy to grow, easy to control, and only a small number of very elegant tree species would be planted in the community while mainly within the grassland plot. In addition, in some of the important lots in the communi

11、ty, some large flower pools can be placed there for the use of some activities, while in the other hand, it can make the community beautiful.41地面铺砌地面作为城市的第六立面，历来为人们所重视。小区内以车行道混凝土路面为主，小汽车停 车场拟采用预制漏空混凝土块。漏空外种植草皮，既增加了绿化复盖率，又改善了院内的小 气候。一些步行广场和林荫步道的地面用传统的天然铺地材料 如碎花岗岩、鹅卵石、砖和 片石等，也可部分采用预制的彩色混凝土块。For the gr

12、ound pavement, ground surface as the six elevation of our city has always been paid much attention on. The road in the District is mainly within the concrete pavements while outside it some grass is planted, which not only increases the green coverage rate, but also improves the microclimate of the

13、yard. Some pedestrian plaza and tree-lined ground path is paved with traditional natural materials such as crushed granite, cobblestone, brick and rubble, etc.二、提高土地的利用效益我国人多地少，城市用地十分紧张，土地占每平方米住宅的综合造价至少在50%以上，因 此提高土地的利用效益成为当前量大面广的住宅小区规划与建设的重要课题。但在节地的同 时，不能降低居住环境的质量。11采用院落式布置手法，利用东西两侧的间距。21加大住宅进深和适当增

14、加单元拼接长度。31采用北向退台和坡顶，以合理缩小住宅间距。 17 41降低住宅层高，从2. 8米降至2. 7米。 51底层设置2. 2米高架空层，既提高了土地的利用效益（可设置自行车库，停放摩托车和 小汽车，布置居委会、小商店、市政用房等。也可作为居民日常休息、交往的开放空间），又 改善了底层住户的居住条件（特别在上海多雨地区），同时也节约了大量底层院子的围墙等 设施。61在小区公园设地下车库（约可停放200辆小汽车）。For the second, the community of “sanlinyuan” improves land use efficiency. As the huge

15、 popularity in China, urban land is very tense. Thereby increasing land use efficiency becomes an important issue for contemporary residential district planning and construction. But at the same time in saving land, we cannot lower the quality of living environment. So some methods are discussed out

16、 as followed. First, with courtyard layout techniques, we can use the distance between east and west sides. Second, we can Increase the depth of residential units and raise splice length. Third, reasonably reduce the residential space. Forth, lower house story, from 2.8 m down to 2.7 meters. Fifth,

17、at the bottom a 2.2-meter-high elevated level is set, it can improve land use efficiency （it can be stored with bicycles, parked motorcycles and cars, decorated into small shops, municipal buildings and so on while also as space for residents to rest or chat）, but also improve the living conditions

18、of the underlying tenants especially in the rainy Shanghai region, while on theother hand, it also saves a lot of facilities such as the bottom wall of the courtyard. Sixth, Community Park is set in the Underground Garage which can park about 200 cars.三、探索解决目前住宅小区建设中普遍存在的三大难题11车辆的停放一一利用架空层和地下21垃圾集收一

19、一小区内不设垃圾筒，采用袋装化集收，设置垃圾集收站31儿童游戏场（带器械的）For the third, the design of “sanlinyuan” explores the solution to the current three major problems generally existed in the construction of common residential districts. First, it uses the level overhead and the underground space to solve the problems of parkin

20、g lots. Second, in the residential district, no litter bin could be seen, while on the other hand, using bags of collection and garbage Station set for collecting well solve the problem of garbage collection. Third, Childrens Playground with instruments is set to enrich peoples life quality.四、进一步探索住

21、宅小区空间设计的整体性、灵活性和个性，以及上海里弄住宅的新形式 三林苑小区由二幢住宅组合成的院落式单元块作为小区基本的空间构成单位 改变了常见 的以单幢建筑作为构成空间的方式，并由这样的院落式单元组合块组成五组各具特色的直 线形和曲线形的里弄。各里弄均有前后两个出入口，具有很强的领域感和识别性，且由于住 宅底层有2. 2米的架空层，故里弄内部空间能自由流通，室内外空间相互渗透，空间组织 灵活，达到既统一，又有变化。For the fourth, the design of “sanlinyuan” further explores the Integrity, flexibility and

22、individuality of the residential space design, and the Development of Shanghai linong houses. In “sanlinyuan” district, the two nearby buildings are combined, forming into the courtyard of residential unit as the basic cell of space constitution unit. It changes the common space constitution way by

23、a single block and using the courtyard-style units, they combine into five distinctive straight and curved patterns of linong. there are two entrances in each linong, with a strong sense of identification of the areas. As there is a 2.2 m elevated level in the residential floo, it provides neighborh

24、oods that they are free to flow within the space, indoor and outdoor space for mutual penetration. Spatial organization is flexible, which reaches the goal of reunification and variations.五、以上海家庭的居住心理、居住行为和浦东地区土地价值及21世纪环境要求为科学依据， 探索节地、质优、材新、价低的“小康住宅”，引导上海居民建立新的住宅模式观念。For the Fifth, according to shanghai families living psychology, daily living behavior the value of Pudong area of land and the environmental requirements for the 21st century as the scientific basis, the design of “sanlinyuan” explores the “well” house with saving land, high quality, new mat